英语真题题源阅读2

1. Greedy guts?

（The Economists Jan 4th, 2007）

ALTHOUGH most people prefer not to think about it, human guts are full of bacteria. And a good thing, too. These intestinal bugs help digestion, and also stop their disease-causing counterparts from invading. In return, their human hosts provide them with a warm place to live and a share of their meals.

Now it is working rather too well. A group of researchers led by Jeffrey Gordon, of the Washington University School of Medicine, in St Louis, has found that some types of microbes are a lot better than others at providing usable food to their hosts. In the past, when food was scarce, those who harboured such microbes would have been blessed. These days, paradoxically, they are cursed, for the extra food seems to contribute to obesity.

Dr Gordon’s research is outlined in a paper published in this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and two others published last month in Nature. In the Nature papers, he and his team reported that obese people have a different mix of gut microbes from that found in lean people—a mix that is more efficient at unlocking energy from the food they consume. The researchers sequenced bacterial DNA from faecal samples taken from volunteers and discovered that those who were obese had a higher proportion of Firmicutes than lean people did.

Bugs in the system

This also turned out to be true in mice, and working with these rodents, the researchers discovered that the types of Firmicute found in obese animals are more efficient at converting complex polysaccharides into simple, usable sugars such as glucose. In effect, the Firmicutes made more energy available from the same amount of food. The researchers were even able to make mice that had been raised in a germ-free environment fatter or thinner by colonising their guts with microbes from either obese or lean mice.

It sounds simple enough. Unfortunately, further probing showed that the story is a little more complicated, for Dr Gordon did not merely count the gut bacteria of fat and thin people—he then put some of the fat ones on a diet. As these once-obese humans lost weight over the course of a year, their mix of gut microbes changed to reflect their new, svelte status. Why this happened is not clear. It does not seem to have been a result of the composition of the diet, since the effect was the same whether people lost weight with a low-fat diet or a low-carbohydrate diet. Nevertheless, this part of the experiment suggests it is weight that determines gut biodiversity, not the other way round.

The paper published in PNAS, though, supports the idea that the bacterial mixture is cause not effect, by adding yet another element to the story. In this study, Dr Gordon took normal mice and germ-free mice, and fed both groups a “Western”diet that was high in fat and sugar. The normal mice gained weight; the germ-free mice stayed lean.

The findings do emphasis how profound the relationship is between people and their gut bacteria. These bacteria can be thought of as an additional digestive organ. Alternatively, humans might view themselves as a sort of collective organism—a human casing surrounding a vast colony of microbes. It is just a pity that this colony is working so hard on behalf of its casing that, in an era when food comes from the supermarket rather than the savannah, the result is rather too good.

1. By “Now it is working too well” (line 1, paragraph 2), the author implies.

A. guts bacteria help digestion and prevent disease causing counterparts from invading

B. some guts microbes work well to provide a lot of usable food to human

C. the extra food provided by some guts microbes can cause heavy weight

D. when food is scarce, some guts microbes can make human blessed

2. Dr Gordon’s research h as found that .

A. all guts microbes are good at providing usable food to their hosts

B. Firmicutes account for a higher proportion in slim people than in heavy people

C. it is weight that determines one’s mix of guts microbes

D. the more food, the more energy Firmicutes can make available

参考译文

贪婪的肠道？

虽然大多数人不愿去想，但是人的肠道充满了各种细菌是个不争的事实，它们对人体是大有裨益的，因为不仅有助于消化，还能阻止病原菌的入侵。作为回报，人类宿主为其提供了温暖的生存环境且供给营养。

但现在这种关系有点“过”了，由华盛顿大学医学院(位于路易斯)的Jeffrey Gordon领导的研究小组发现，有几种微生物在为宿主供给可利用的营养时表现得异常活跃。如果过去食物稀缺，那么带有该等微生物的人是幸运的，但换作现在他们却是不幸的，因为过多的食物可能会导致肥胖。

Gordon博士的研究以论文形式刊登在本周的《美国国家科学院院刊》上，另外两篇论文则在上个月的《自然》杂志上发表。他和他的小组在《自然》杂志中的两篇论文中提到肥胖与苗条人士的肠道微生物群大不相同，肥胖的人体内的微生物能更高效地将宿主摄取食物中的能量释放出来。研究人员从志愿者粪便样本中提取细菌的DNA，对其进行测序，而后发现肥胖人士体内壁厚菌门的微生物的比例比苗条人士要高。

消化系统内的细菌

这一结果在小鼠实验中也得到了证实，研究人员发现肥胖小鼠体内的壁厚菌能更高效地将复杂的多糖转化为结构简单、可利用的糖(例如葡萄糖)。食物量相等的条件下，壁厚菌能有效地产生更多的能量。研究者甚至能使在无菌环境中培养的小鼠变胖或变瘦，这是通过将肥胖或苗条小鼠体内的细菌注射到无菌小鼠体内实现的。

这听上去很简单，但进一步探查就会发现事实并非如此，因为Gordon博士并没有单单检测肥胖和苗条人士肠道细菌的数量，还让几名肥胖人士节食。在这一年中，这些曾经肥胖的人的体重逐渐减轻，他们的肠道微生物也发生了改变以反映其日渐苗条的身材。但是发生这种情况的原因还不明了，并没有显示是食物构成变化导致的，因为人们无论是靠低脂还是低碳水化合物的食谱减肥，效果都一样。这部分实验表明是体重决定了肠道细菌的多样性，而不是肠道细菌多样性决定体重。

但刊登在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的论文却认为细菌多样性是因而不是果，为此还举出一个例证。在本次研究中，乔顿博士用正常小鼠和无菌小鼠做实验，用典型的含大量脂肪和糖的“西方”食物来喂食它们。结果正常小鼠体重增加，无菌小鼠依然保持体重不变。这些发现着实强调了人与肠道细菌间的关系是何等重要，这些细菌可看作是另一个消化器官，同时人也可以把自己当作一种有机体——一个人就像个外壳，里面包了一大群微生物。只可惜，当我们体内这片“土地”不再贫瘠而是富庶的像个超级市场时，细菌们还在拼命地工作，结果只能是过犹不及。

2. When a visa becomes a headache

(The New York Times Feb 6, 2007)

Last summer, Dimitry Smirnov, a sales director in Moscow, was planning to attend a conference in New York City being held by his employer, which is an American company. To get a visa, Mr. Smirnov made an appointment at the United States Embassy about four weeks before his meeting for an in-person interview, a requirement introduced after Sept. 11, 2001. It was when he showed up, he said, that he became frustrated.

“The embassy wanted to hold my passport while they waited for the visa to come through, but they couldn’t guarantee I’d get the visa,” he recalled. “In the meantime, I wouldn’t have been able to travel and I didn’t know if I’d get the visa or not, so I decided to cancel my trip.”

Mr. Smirnov is hardly the only executive to have been thwarted by stringent requirements for entry into the United States. Travelers from emerging economies like India, China, Latin America, the Middle East and Eastern Europe are required to have visas to come to the United States and many complain that the process deters them from traveling here.

In November, the Discover America Partnership, an association of travel industry executives, surveyed more than 2,000 international travelers and found that the United States was considered the least welcoming destination, thirty-nine percent of respondents selected the United States as having the “worst” entry process.

Geoff Freeman, the executive director of the partnership, said that just 2 percent of survey respondents ranked Canada as the worst. “I find that especially telling,” he said. “You have two countries right next to each other, very culturally similar, both threatened by terrorism, and one appears to be finding a way to strike a balance between security and entry that is far more appealing to world travelers.”

“We talk about security,” he said, “but if people can’t come here for meetings or to look at U.S. products they want to buy, and so choose to do business with another country instead, that’s a threat to America’s economic security.”

United States government officials, however, insist that the process has improved greatly in recent years. “ We now have an expedited service f or business travel visas in place in every U.S. consulate and embassy in the world.” said Maura Harty, assistant secretary for consular affairs in the State Department.She urged people who haven’t applied for a visa in a few years to come back.

But Gary Shapiro, president and chief executive of the Consumer Electronics Association, disagreed. He said that his foreign attendees described the visa application process as “demeaning.”

There is some evidence that such restrictions are discouraging business travel. In November, a research firm found that the number of business arrivals in the United States fell 10 percent from 2004 to 2005, while the number of such arrivals in Europe grew 8 percent over the same period.

While many complained of American travel policies, especially the difficulty in obtaining visas, some people would continue to come to the United States.

考研词汇

visa

n./v.签证，签发

embassy

n.大使馆

frustrate

v.挫败，阻挠，使灰心

［真题例句］Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.［2003年阅读4］

［例句精译］医生由于不能治愈疾病，同时又担心病人失去希望，常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法，这些方法远远超出了科学能够认同的界限。

guarantee

n.保证，保证书；v.保证，担保

［真题例句］And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee (n.) of reasonable value in the products and services you buy.［1995年阅读1］

［例句精译］也许最重要的是，广告为你购买的商品或服务具有合理价值提供了保证。［真题例句］The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed (v.).［1998年阅读1］

［例句精译］大坝会给有权势者带来利益，但这种利益却没有保障。

execute

v.实施，执行

destination

n.目的地，终点

terror

n.①恐怖；②可怕的人(事)

3. A vitamin a day may do more harm than good

(Newsweek Jan 19, 2007)

IF you’re banking on a daily vitamin to make up for any deficiencies in your diet, you may be getting a whole lot more—or less—than you bargained for.

Of 21 brands of multivitamins on the market in the United States and Canada selected by https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea18826734.html, and tested by independent laboratories, just 10 met the stated claims on their labels or satisfied other quality standards.

Most worrisome, according to https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea18826734.html, president Dr. Tod Cooperman, is that one product, the Vitamin Shoppe Multivitamins Especially for Women, was contaminated with lead. He said. “We’ve never seen that much lead in a multivitamin before.”

On a positive note, several of the most popular multivitamins on the market did pass muster, said David Schardt, a senior nutritionist at the Center for Science in the Public Interest. “I think this confirms the advice often given: You’re safer choosing a well-known brand sold by some company or store that you have confidence in,”Schardt said.

In the report, tests showed that the Vitamin Shoppe women’s product contained 15.3 micrograms of lead per daily serving of two tablets.

This amount of lead is more than 10 times the amount permitted without a warning in California, the only state that regulates lead in supplements, Cooperman said. On average, most American adults are exposed to about 3 micrograms of lead through food, wine and other sources, he said, and while 15.3 micrograms of lead per day may not be immediately toxic, the mineral is stored in the body and could build up to dangerous levels with time. Some body said that lead can contribute to high blood pressure.

The analysis also showed that Hero Nutritionals Yummi Bears, a multivitamin for children,

had 216 percent of the labeled amount of vitamin A in the retinol form. Because too much vitamin A can cause bone weakening and liver abnormalities, the Yummi Bears “could be potentially doing more harm than good,”Cooperman said. “Vitamin A is one of those vitamins where you really don’t want to get too much.”

Schardt said the lead and vitamin A findings are worrisome because vitamins are generally taken every day, potentially building up to toxic levels and leading to problems down the line. In particular, he noted, women with high levels of lead in their bodies who become pregnant could pass on problems to a fetus.

The Vitamin Shoppe questioned the new results.

Hero Nutritionals did not respond to calls seeking comment.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ea18826734.html, also tested a vitamin marketed for dogs and found the product was contaminated with 1.4 micrograms of lead per tablet.

Whether most people—or dogs, for that matter—really need to take a multivitamin is a subject of debate.

Cooperman and many dietitians note that it’s better to get your nutrition from a well-balanced diet.

1. Consumer Lab. Com has tested 21 brands of multivitamin and found that .

A. less than half of them reached the quality standards

B. just 10 of them has stated their functions on their labels

C. they contained much lead which has never been seen

D. the most popular multivitamins are very effective

2. The advice often given to consumers is that .

A. they should buy the most popular multivitamins on the market

B. they should counsel a nutritionist before buying multivitamins

C. they should choose a famous brand in a company or store that they trust

D. they should choose a well-known brand sold by a big company or store

3. 15.3 micrograms of lead per day will .

A. add supplements to the body

B. result in sudden death

C. endanger one’s health

D. worsen high blood pressure

4. By “Vitamin A is one of those vitamins where you really don’t want to get too much” (l ine 4, paragraph 7), Cooperman implies that .

A. much vitamin A is good for children’s growth

B. vitamin A is no good to children’s growth

C. people need not to supplement vitamin A

D. too much vitamin A is harmful to one’s health

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the passage?

A. The amount of lead permitted by California is less than 1.53 micrograms.

B. Hero Nutritionals Yummi Bears does more harm than good to children’s growth.

C. The Vitamin Shoppe has given away questionnaires to prove the new results.

D. Whether most people or dogs need to take a multivitamin is still debatable.

答案及解析

1.细节事实题【正确答案】A

第二段指出“只有10种符合它们在说明书中所宣称的内容或者满足其他质量标准”，因此A符合原文，其他选项分别可在第二、三、四段被证明错误。

2.细节事实题【正确答案】C

根据“the advice often given”定位在第四段，从该段最后一句You’re safer choosing a well-known brand sold by some company or store that you have confidence in... 可知C正确。

3.细节事实题【正确答案】C

第六段倒数第四行提到每天摄入15.3毫克的铅，或许并不立刻使人中毒，它会储存在人体内，随着时间的增长达到危险水平，还有人说铅会导致高血压。因此C符合原文。4.推理题【正确答案】D

在第七段中，Cooperman指出Yummi Bears弊大于利，维生素A是那些你真的不想多吃的维生素中的一种，暗示过多的维生素A对人体有害，因此D正确。

5.判断题【正确答案】C

倒数第五段讲到The Vitamin Shoppe质疑新的研究结果，它并没有发放问卷进行调查以证实研究结果，因此C的叙述是错误的，选C。

4. Can stress actually be good for you?

(Newsweek Dec 20, 2006)

As a yoga instructor, Jennifer Parmelee knows what to do to find her inner calm when hit with daily stresses. Instead of feeling overwhelmed by pressures or annoyances, Parmelee uses them to keep her motivated.

“You need stress to a certain degree,” she says. “You just try not to let it take control of you,” she says.

For he r, the idea is to turn a stressful situation into “fierceness or fun.” Stress ... fun? Could stress actually be good for you?

In small doses, yes.

We may talk about cutting the stress from our lives, but we need those precious, powerful fight—or—flight hormones our bodies produce. When the brain perceives physical or psychological stress, it starts pumping the chemicals cortisol, epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine into the body. Instantly, the heart beats faster, blood pressure increases, senses sh arpen, a rise in blood glucose invigorates us and we’re ready to rock.

Good stress is the type of emotional challenge where a person feels in control and provides some sense of accomplishment. It can improve heart function and make the body resistant to infection, experts say.

The upside of stress

Increasingly, researchers are probing the upside of stress. Some believe short term boosts of it can strengthen the immune system and protect against some diseases. Recently, a study suggested that stress could help prevent breast cancer.

Of course, there’s the rub. Stress can be positive, but get too much of it—when the flood of hormones bombards your body longer than 24 hours, doctors say—and all kinds of bad things start to happen.

The problem is, it’s difficul t to shut off the onslaught of stress hormones when they become harmful. People can’t control how high their hormones go when they experience a difficult situation.

The body does give off signals when healthy tension has tipped over into bad stress. Mental fogginess, frequent colds, increased sensitivity to aches and pains are all signs of an overwhelmed immune system.

“What we can do is change the way our brains respond to ［stress］with coping techniques such as deep breathing, meditation and exercise,”says Dr. Bruce Rabin, a professor of pathology and psychiatry.

Matter of perception

Indeed, stress is a doubled-edged sword that affects everyone differently. Multi-tasking or living in a hectic urban environment is a thrill for some, a confusing sensory overload for others.

The goal isn’t an absence of stress. It’s an unavoidable reality. The key is channeling stress energy into productive action instead of feeling overwhelmed, experts say.

考研词汇

perceive

v.①察觉，感知；②理解，领悟

［真题例句］Do we perceive (①) ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences.［1995年阅读2］

［例句精译］我们自以为行动敏捷而又好奇吗？如果这样，我们就会抓住更多机会，更加勇于面对陌生的体验。

pump

n.泵；v.①用(泵)抽(水)；②打气，泵送

［真题例句］In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump (n.) prices than in the past.［2002年阅读3］

［例句精译］在欧洲，税金在汽油零售价的比例高达4/5，因此，即使原油价格发生很大的波动，汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著。

resistant

a.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

［真题例句］Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation.［2006年阅读1］

［例句精译］格雷戈里·罗德里格兹在《国家移民论坛》中写到，今天的移民既没有达到空前绝后的水平也没有能抵挡住同化作用。

参考译文

作为一个瑜伽教练，Jennifer Parmelee知道在遭遇日常压力时该怎样做才能找到内心的平静。不是被压力或烦恼压倒，而是将它们转换成自己的动力。

“你需要一定程度的压力，”她说，“你只要尽量做到不要让它控制你。”她说。

对她来说，办法是将遇到的压力转换成“激情或乐趣”。压力……乐趣？压力对人真的是有好处的吗？

在一定程度上，是的。

我们或许经常讨论将压力从我们的生命中割除去，但是我们需要我们的身体所产生的那些珍贵而有力的、斗志昂扬的荷尔蒙。当大脑察觉到生理或心理上的压力时，它就开始将化学物质皮质醇、肾上腺素和降肾上腺素注入人身体内。很快地，心脏的跳动就加快了，血压升高了，感觉变得敏锐了，血液中葡萄糖的增加使我们变得强壮有力，我们开始准备振奋了。

专家说，在一个人感到被控制的时候，好的压力是情感刺激的一种方式，给人一种成就感。它可以改善心脏功能，而且可以使身体抵抗侵害。

压力的转化

越来越多的研究人员开始探寻压力的转化问题。有的人相信压力的短期增加可以增强免

疫系统的功能，并能对抗某些疾病。最近，一项研究表明压力可以帮助预防乳腺癌。

当然，这里有一个问题。医生说，压力可以是有利的，但是如果有太多的压力——当攻击你身体的荷尔蒙泛滥超过24小时——各种各样不好的结果也就开始产生了。

问题是，当压力带来的荷尔蒙泛滥变得有害时，我们很难切断它。当人们处于困难环境时，不能控制他们的荷尔蒙会升到多高。

当健康的紧张情绪变成坏的压力时，人的身体会给出许多信号。精神恍惚，经常感冒，对疼痛更加敏感，还有忧虑，这些都是免疫系统被破坏的信号。

Bruce Rabin博士，一个病理学和精神病学的教授说：“我们所能做的就是，用诸如深呼吸，沉思和运动的高技术来改变我们的大脑对压力的反应。”

洞察力的问题

的确，压力是一把双刃剑，它对每个人的影响是不同的。任务众多或者在一个紧张的城市环境中生活对某些人来说是一种快乐，对另外一些人来说却有一种超负荷的混乱感。

目标并不是没有压力。它是一个无法避免的现实。关键是将压力转化为建设性的行动，而不是被压垮，专家这样说。

5. Microsoft’s slick new vista

（Newsweek Jan 30, 2007）

Last night the giant billboards of Times Square lit up with the long-overdue news: Vista, Microsoft’s endlessly awaited new version of the Windows operating system, is finally on sale to consumers. CEO Steve Ballmer and chairman Bill Gates both contend that it’s the best operating system that Microsoft has ever produced. That’s not necessarily so impressive: after five years and billions of dollars of development，it would be pretty shameful if Microsoft turned in something worse than one of its Windows predecessors. But Gates and Ballmer can rest easy on that count. While the operating system is not the “wow” generator that its mar keting campaign promises, it is definitely an improvement over the Windows of yore.

If you are a Windows user, the question is not whether you will use Vista, but when: a solid majority of people will not upgrade their machines to run Vista but will get the system when they buy a new PC.

So what do you get when you take the plunge? A whole grab bag of stuff, certainly too much to cover in one review. I’ve been using a beta version for several weeks. With the exception of a few glitches—Vista hasn’t warned t o the presence of the Google desktop on my machine—I’m generally pleased. It may not have rocked my world, but it certainly makes using Windows more enjoyable.

Other Vista features include a mightier means of handling photos—offering editing and organizing features like you find in Apple’s iPhoto or Google’s Picasa, along with the ability to quickly burn photos on a DVD disk. There’s also movie editing and burning. Handling music on Vista is a knottier task, since Microsoft now offers competing systems—its own Windows Media player and a different program that goes with its Zune player. Meanwhile, many people, mainly iPod users, will want to simply download Apple’s iTunes music player.

In short, five years after Windows XP, Microsoft has done a reasonably good job in pulling its operating system a bit deeper into the 21st century. If you’re the kind of person who gets a kick from taking advantage of all the stuff on your PC, or feel that some of the features described above will make a difference to you—and you have a fairly recent, fairly powerful computer—do consider an upgrade now. Otherwise, there’s no problem with letting nature take its course and

welcoming Vista on your next PC.

考研词汇

contend

v.①竞争，斗争；②坚决主张，声称，认为

［真题例句］It is the playgoers, the RSC contends (②), who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.［2006年阅读2］

［例句精译］皇家莎士比亚公司(RSC)声称是看戏的人给小镇带来了大部分收入，因为他们整个晚上(有时甚至是四、五个晚上)都把钱花到旅馆和饭店上。

impressive

a.给人深刻印象的，感人的

upgrade

v.提升，使升级

plunge

v.①(into)(使)投入，(使)插进，陷入；②猛冲；n.跳入，投入

［真题例句］People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge (n.).［1999年阅读2］

［例句精译］回顾过去的5到10年的历史，人们很可能会感到奇怪：尝试网上销售的公司为何如此之少呢？

背景常识介绍

Vista是微软的下一代操作系统，以前叫做Longhorn。2005年7月22日微软对外宣布正式名称是Windows Vista。作为微软的最新的操作系统，Vista第一次引入了“Life Immersion”概念，即在系统中集成许多人性的因素，一切以人为本。使得操作系统尽最大可能贴近用户，了解用户的感受，从而方便用户。

参考译文

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昨晚，时代广场树立的巨大广告牌带来了迟到很久的消息：vista ，微软长期等待的Windows操作系统的新版本，终于向消费者出售了。CEO斯蒂夫·鲍尔默和主席比尔盖茨声称这是微软所生产的最好的操作系统。其实没有必要这样强调：在五年的时间和数十亿美金的研发后，如果微软拿出的东西比它之前的操作系统还差，那确实是很丢人的。但是盖茨和鲍尔默对此可以高枕无忧了。尽管这个操作系统不是最成功的符合其市场销售承诺的发生器，它却无疑是比很久以前的Windows更完善的系统。

如果你是一个Windows 用户，问题不是你是否会使用Vista，而是：当大部分固定的客户不会通过提升他们的机器来运行Vista时，在他们购买新的机器时却会得到这个系统。

所以当你使用这个系统时你会得到什么呢？一个完整的原料包，这当然会是出现在一个人脑中的。我使用beta版本已经好几个星期了，除了一点小故障——Vista没有对我机器出现的Google桌面提出警示——我基本是满意的。它可能还没有震动我的世界，但是它确实使Windows的使用更加令人愉快了。

Vista的其他特征还包括一种处理图片的更有力的方式——提供编辑和组织特写的功能就像你在苹果的iPhoto和Google的Picasa上所能发现的一样，同时伴随着在DVD光盘上快速启动图片的功能。它还有电影剪辑和刻录。在Vista上传递音乐是很困难的工作，因为微软现在提供的竞争系统——它自己的Windows媒体播放器和一个与它的Zune播放器不同的程序。同时，很多人，主要是iPod用户，都想简单的下载苹果的iTunes音乐播放器。

总之，在Windows XP的五年以后，微软在推动其操作系统深入21世纪上，完成了一

项很好的工作。如果你是这种人，即能从利用你计算机上所有的材料获得刺激的人，或者上面所描述的特征能让你觉得不同——你就会有一个全新的，完全有力的计算机——现在你要考虑升级。否则，让自然掌控它的进程以及欢迎Vista出现在下一台计算机上是没有问题的。

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11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C 第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分） 26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B 第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题分，共15分） 31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A 36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J 第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题分，共15分） 41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment 【评分参考】本部分无分和1分的计分。语法错误或拼写错误均不给分；英、美拼写均可接受；大小写错误不扣分。 第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分） 51.范文（略）

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