证券英语的特别语法现象

证券英语的特别语法现象

摘要：随着经济的快速发展，我国股民越来越多，人们对证券不再陌生。证券英语的超凡脱俗之处有其语法

创新。通过大量的实例阐述证券英语特别语法现象，以便忠实而准确地理解、翻译和熟练运用证券英语。

关键词：证券英语；特别；语法Abstract ：This paper argues that securities English has special grammar and that it is imperative the grammar be grasped in order that this kind of English should be faithfully and correctly understood and translated and proficiently applied.

Key words securities English ；special ；grammar

无论是英文还是中文，证券是一个涵义相当广的概念。汉语中的“证券”一词，是用以表明各类财产所有权和债权的凭证的统称。证券所有人凭证券所载内容有权取得相应的权益。我国《证券法》于１９９８年制定，它明确规范的证券类型是指股票、公司债券和国务院依法认定的其他证券。美国证券交易委员会把“securities”综合定义为：any note, stock, treasury stock,security future, bond, debenture, certificate of interest or participation in any profitsharing agreement or in any oil, gas, or other mineral royalty or lease, any collateral-trust certificate, pre-organization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities

(including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or in general, any instrument commonly known as a “security”; or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.(Section 3a item 10 of the 1934 Act)。英语中的securities 在柯林斯COBUILD 英语词典中的释义是：Securities are stocks, shares, bonds, or other certificates that you buy in order to earn regular interest from them or to sell them later for a profit。因此，不管是英语还是汉语，证券都包括股票、债券、权证、期货和期权等等。证券英语在语法方面决不墨守成规，非常有创意。

１. 形容词修饰动词作状语

Companies go public in order to raise money for the company. They use the money to finance expansions, pay for equipment, and fund projects, etc.

With an initial margin of $2,000 in June, Joe buys one September contract of gold at $350 per ounce, for a total of 1,000 ounces or $350,000. By buying in June, he is going long, with the expectation that the price of gold will rise by the time the contract expires in September.

Suppose that with an initial margin of $3,000, Sara sold one May crude oil

contrac at $25 per barrel for a total value of $25,000. By March, the price of oil had reached $20 per barrel and she bought back the contract which was valued at $20,000. By going short, she made a profit $5,000.

Some new dot-com millionaires in Silicon Valley cashed in on their latest IPO. The phenomenon spawned the term“siliconaire”which described the dot - comentrepreneurs who suddenly found themselves living large due to IPOs from their Internet companies.

The investors may buy low and sell high if

the company does well.

这里的buy low and sell high 相当于buy the stock when the stock price is low and sell the stock when the stock price is high, 但比后者更简洁明了。

２. 形容词原级表示形容词最高级意思

A daily candlestick is based on the open price, the intraday high and low, and the close.

Some investors consider the closing level to be more important than the open, high or low. By paying attention to only the close, intraday swings can be ignored. Line charts are also used when open, high

and low data points are not available.

３. 形容词比较级表示最高级意思Futures price have a price change limit that determines the prices between which the contracts can trade on a daily basis. The price change limit is added to and subtracted from the previous day’s close, and the results remain the upper and lower price boundary for the day. Say that the price change limit on silver per ounce is $ Yesterday the price per ounce closed at $5. Today’s upper price boundary for silver would be $ and the lower boundary would be $ At any moment during the day the price of futures contracts for silver reaches either boundary, the exchange shuts down all trading of silver futures for the day.

４. 形容词当名词用

The series of “lower highs” and “lower lows” is lower than the former ones, which is a tell tale sign of a stock in a down trend. In other words, each time the stock edged lower,it went lower than its previous relative low price. The sequence of lower lows and lower highs is broken, which is the indication that the down trend is at least pausing and possibly ending. At this time we would likely stop actively selling the stock.

Convertibles earn interest even when the stock is trading down or sideways, but

when the stock price rises, the value of the convertible increases.

这里的convertible 等于convertible bonds。

With an increase of US $ 2 billion in trading volume over the previous week, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed 45 points up at 14, points, hitting a new high for two years.

５. 名词作形容词用

It is often said that earnings are the

bottom - line when it comes to valuing a

company’s stock, and indeed fundamental

analysis places much emphasis upon a company’s earnings.

bottom 通常是“ 垫底、最落后” 的意思。bottom-line 净利润／亏损。在财务报表

中最后一行显示净利润或亏损。所以是一个借代修辞格，也有最终结果的意思。当作形容词用时，它又表示“最主要的、最重要的”。

The console is getting no IPO allotment may be a blessing in disguise. After all, IPOs may prove too risky for individual investors. In the days of dot-com mania, investors could throw money into an IPO and be almost guaranteed killer returns. Now the tech bubble burst and the IPO market returned to normal.

International direct investment commonly involves the movement of production factors, while in the case of international portfolio investment, investors simply purchase shares or bonds issued by a foreign company, which can be liquidated at market prices at any time.

Portfolio 作名词用时，是“证券投资组合”或“证券投资组合清单”的意思，而作形容词用时，是“证券的”或“与证券有关的”的意思。

A private company can get publicly -listed in a very relatively short time period by reverse merger. The private company that

has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company, usually one with no business and limited assets. Together the two companies become an entirely new public corporation with tradable shares.

６. 名词动用

The government tried to bull the market to stimulate investors to put their money to the stock.

Some speculators attempt to bear the stock market.

By technical analysis profits can be made in any market by positioning ourselves in

the direction of the price trend.

The Hang Seng Index’s decline last week following the break of the December lows may bottom at key support in the 11,200 －11,400 area.

Income stocks can actually be more profitable than bonds. To maximize income, some investors will even seek out companies that frequently raise their dividends and are not saddled with debt.

７. 动词当形容词用

During the past year, the Group has acted as lead international underwriter in more than 20 fund-raising transactions involving

total funds of US $ 860 million.

８. 副词当形容词用

It is usually reported to be up or down as compared to the previous day’s business.

股票的价格受多方面因素的影响，如受整个行业景气程度、周边股市甚至全球经济的影响。因此，股票价格随时都在波动。证券英语语法就像股票的价格样，具有灵活多样的特征。

结束语

加入世贸组织后的中国经济愈加开放，正大踏步与世界经济接轨，这不仅为外

国企业提供巨大商机，同时也为中国企业走向世界参与国际竞争创造条件。随着国际金融市场的证券化，许多国家的企业通过国际金融市场发行股票和债券，筹集大量资金以满足其资本支出的需要。因此，了解和掌握证券英语知识是必要的。要学好证券英语，必须了解其特殊语法现象。只有掌握了证券英语的特殊语法，我们才能驾轻就熟地翻译和运用证券英语。

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