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初中英语知识点-【数词】

初中英语知识点-【数词】
初中英语知识点-【数词】

数词

序数词的构成

序数词的构成

①序数词多数由"基数词-th"构成,序数词前一般加定冠词the

②少数序数词构成属特殊情况

e.g. One-first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth

③以y结尾的十位整数,先将y改为i,再加-eth e.g. thirty-thirtieth

④21以上的多位数,要将末位数改为序数词,前面其他位数仍用基数词

e.g. eighty-three-eighty-third nine hundred and sixty-two-nine hundred and sixty-second

⑤序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成

e.g. first-1st second-2nd

序数词在句中的用法

序数词的用法

①作主语 e.g. The third of the month was a holiday.

②作表语 e.g. Who was the third?

③作定语 e.g. We live on the fifth floor.

④作宾语 e.g. I was among the first to learn of this.

⑤作同位语e.g. Who is that man, the first in the front row?

⑥作状语 e.g. When did you first meet him?

注:有时序数词并不指顺序,而是表示"再一,又一"的意思。此时序数词前要加不定冠词

e.g. I want to make a second try.

数词表示方法

1) 年、月、日、时的写法和读法

①表示日期用序数词,前面加定冠词 e.g. 3月8日March the eighth

②年份一般分为两部分读,先读前两位数,再读后两位数 e.g. 1949 nineteen forty-nine

③以上时间合在一起的写法

e.g. 1955年10月1日上午10点10:00 a.m. October 1st, 1955

2) 分数的表示法

分数由基数词和序数词构成,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子为1的情况,序数词都要用复数形式。带分数中的整数用基数词表示,并用and和分数隔开。

e.g. 1\4 one-fourths 3-2\5 three and two-fifths

3) 小数、百分数的表示

①?小数的表示 e.g. 6.4 six point four 12.409 twelve point four oh nine

②表示百分数用"基数词+percent(per cent)"形式 e.g. 50% fifty per cent

编号事物的表示

编号的事物常用"名词+基数词"表示,也可用"序数词+名词"表示;如果数字较大,需用"名词+基数词"表示

①住址、牌号及其他顺序号码the ninth unit\Unit 9 Bus No.103\the No.103 bus

World WarⅡ\the second world war Room 305 76 Chang'an Street

②?汽车牌照号码、电话号码、货币数目96178 nine six one seven eight Tel:8742589

Telephone number: eight seven four two five eight nine $5.46 five dollars forty-six cents 表示时刻用基数词

①表示整点可加o'clock,口语中常省略

e.g. -Excuse me. What's the time? -It's five (o'clock).

②表示"几点几分"有两种形式

A. 倒读法30分以内用"分钟数+past+钟点数",表示几点过几分。超过30分钟用"分钟数+to+下一个钟点数",表示到几点差几分。15分钟用a quarter,30分钟用half,不用fifteen 或thirty,不可在后面加o'clock。

e.g. 7:10 ten past seven 6:50 ten to seven 3:15 a quarter past three 5:30 half past five

B. 顺读法第一个基数词表示钟点,第二个基数词表示分钟,"分钟"可用fifteen,thirty

e.g. 1:15 one fifteen 10:30 ten thirty

基数词的作用

基数词的作用

①作主语 e.g. Two of the girls are from California.姑娘中有两个来自加州。

②作表语 e.g. He is a little over five.他才五岁多一点。

③作宾语 e.g. Give me two.给我两个。

④作定语 e.g. The river is about eighty miles long.这条河大约八十英尺长。

⑤作同位语e.g. You two take these seats.你们两个坐这里。

基数词的构成及读法

基数词的构成及读法

①1-12的构成为独立单词

②13-19的构成都以后缀-teen结尾,但thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为不规则变化

③20-90的构成都以后缀-ty结尾,但twenty,thirty,forty,eighty为不规则变化

④21-99的构成是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符- e.g. 25 twenty-five

⑤三位数101-999的构成要注意百位数和十位数(个位数)之间用and连接。

e.g.901 nine hundred and one

⑥英语中没有"万"这个单位,1000以上而不到100万的数词都用thousand表示

⑦百万1,000,000 :one(a) million

⑧千万10,000,000 :ten million

⑨亿100,000,000 :one(a) hundred million

⑩十亿1,000,000,000 :one(a) thousand million(等于美国英语a billion)

注:英语数字中,只有hundred后才加and

倍数的表示法

倍数的表示法

1. 表示"几倍大小(长短;数量)",由"倍数+ the size(length, amount...)"结构组成。如:

The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.

2. 表示"……比……大几倍",由"倍数+形容词(副词)比较级+ than +被比较部分"结构组成。如:

This box is three times bigger than that one.

3. 表示"……是……倍",由"倍数+ as +形容词+ as +被比较部分"结构组成。如:

Our factory is twice as big as theirs.

分数与百分数在句中的应用

分数、百分数与主谓一致

分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.

我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。

Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.

我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。

Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.

地球上三分之二的水是海水。

分数的表示法

分数

(1)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:

one fifth五分之一

one tenth十分之一

(2)当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数。如:

two thirds三分之二

five eighths八分之五

(3)当分子是1时,可以用one也可以用a。如:

a second = one second

a third = one third

(4)当分母是2和4时,分别可以用half和quarter代替。如:

a half二分之一

three quarters四分之三

序数词的应用

序数词应注意的几点事项:

1. 多位数的基数词变成序数词时,只需将末位基数词变成序数词,前边的基数词不变。如:

forty-two 42 forty-second第42

nine-hundred 900 nine-hundredth第900

2. 当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时,必须在数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如:

21st第21

32nd第32

3. 序数词前一般要用定冠词the,如果序数词前用a或an时,则表示"又一;再一"(没有具体范围的限制)。如:

Though he had failed twice, he wanted to try a third time.

尽管他已失败了两次,他还想再试一次。

The little monkey had had three apples, and he wanted to eat a fourth one.

那只小猴子已经吃了3个苹果,他还想再吃一个。

基数词的特殊用法

基数词的特殊用法:

(1)表示"几十年代"或"几十岁"时,用逢十的基数词的复数形式。如:

in the 1990's 20世纪90年代

in one's twenties在某人20多岁时

(2)用在习语中。如:

in twos and threes三三两两地

基数词的注意事项

基数词就注意以下几点:

(1)几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符"-"连接。如:

eighty-five 85twenty-six 26

(2)三位数的基数词须在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间用and连接。如:three hundred and sixty-five 365

two hundred and six 206

(3)基数词的复数形式。当基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时,必须用单数。如:

several hundred year's ago几百年前

two thousand students两千个学生

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