2019届高考英语(外研版)一轮复习课件：语法部分4第四讲-精选.doc

2019届高考英语（外研版）一轮复习课件：

语法部分4第四讲

第四讲动词时态和语态

题型分类考题印证证命题解读语法填空 1.(2017 全国卷ⅠⅠ) Fast food ______ (be) full of fat and salt. 2.(2017 全国卷ⅢⅢ)Sarah says，，My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ______ (come) first. I don t want to get too absorbed in modeling... 3.(2016 全国卷ⅢⅢ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _________ (be) too violent for use at the table. 1. 时态的考查主要是一般现在时和一般过去时； 2. 考查被动语态的用法； 3. 主谓一致的考查 is comes were

题型分类考题印证证命题解读短文文改错 1.(2017 全国卷ⅡⅡ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables ！ ________________ 2.(2017 全国卷ⅢⅢ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. _____________ 1. 上下文中时态不一致； 2. 语态错用用 came comes tooktaken

1．．一般现在时 (1) 一般现在时的第三人称单数变化规则：一般情况直接加-s work works get gets say says read reads 结尾为 s，， x，， sh，，ch或或-o, 在词尾加-es discuss discusses wash washes teach teaches fix fixes go goes 结尾为辅音字母＋y ，变变 y 为为 i 再加-es carry carries study studies try tries fly flies cry cries 一般时态

(2) 表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词( 词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night 等连用。◆◆He often goes to work by bus, and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。

(3) 按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一于般现在时。只限于 go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come 等动词。◆◆Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18 ：20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026 航班 18 ：20 起飞。 (4) 用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。◆◆When Peter comes ，ask him to wait for me. 彼得来后，让他等我。

2．．一般过去时 (1) 一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，，

规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加-ed 构成，不规则动词的过去式及过去分词变化详见附录。

一般情况在动词后加-ed work worked play played want wanted 以以-e 结尾的动词后加-d hope hoped like liked 以辅音字母＋y 结尾的动词，变变 y 为为 i 再加-ed study studied try tried 以重读闭音节或/r/ 音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed stop stopped prefer preferred admit admitted permit permitted

(2)与表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与 often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday 等等过去的时间状语连用。◆◆(2016 全国卷ⅠⅠ)In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931 年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。

3．．一般将来时 (1) shall/will ＋动词原形表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，，常与表示将来的语时间状语 tomorrow, next year, in ＋一段时间等连用。其中 shall 通常用于第一人称，，will 通常用于各种人称。 will ＋动词原形还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。◆◆( 北京卷)What time is it? 几点了？ I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you. 我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。

(2) be going to ＋动词原形表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。◆◆Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon, I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。◆◆(2015 天津卷)Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。

(3) be to ＋动词原形表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。◆◆You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock. 到到 10 点你得交上试卷。 (4) be about to ＋动词原形表示正要或即将要做某事，，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。◆◆( 全国卷)Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。

如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，，要用过去将来时(would/should ＋动词原形) 。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。◆◆I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I would/should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

[ 对点演练] 单句语法填空 1 ．(2018 哈师大附中月考)Do you know if Betty will go hiking this weekend? Betty? Never! She ________ (hate) strong

sunlight. 2 ．(2018 安徽安庆五校联考)I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday. I know your feelings, but if you forgive him, you _________ (be) a bigger man. 3 ．In 2017, I_______ (feel) I needed a new challenge so I decided to take a film-making course. hates will be felt

1．．进行时的构成现在进行时由 am/is/are ＋现在分词构成；过去进行时由 was/were ＋现在分词构成；将来进行时由 will/shall＋＋be ＋现在分词构成。其变化规则如下：一般情况在词尾直接加-ing work working study studying 的以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去e 再加-ing write writing take taking face facing 进行时态

辅音＋元音＋辅音结尾的重读闭音节词，，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ing cut cutting begin beginning swim swimming run running put putting sit sitting plan planning get getting shop shopping stop stopping 以以-ie 结尾的动词，变变-ie 为为 y再加-ing lie lying die dying

2. . 现在进行时 (1) 表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。◆◆( 江苏卷)I hear you are working in a pub. Whats it like? 我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？ Well, it s very hard work and I m always tired, but I don t mind. 哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。

(2) 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，，于常用于 go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out 等动词词( 短语) 。

◆◆( 重庆卷)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。

3．．过去进行时 (1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同及表示过去的时间状语从句以及 at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o clock yesterday 等连用。◆◆(2015 湖南卷)He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，， Why are you staring at me like that？？他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：你为什么要那样盯着我看？

(2) 表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，与常与when, while 引导的时间状语从句连用。◆◆(2016 北京卷)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred. 突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。

4．．将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，，by then, from 1 ：30 to 4 ：30 tomorrow 等。◆◆(2015 天津卷)Jane cant attend the

meeting at 3 o clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会，因为她那个时间段有课。

[ 对点演练] 单句语法填空 1 ．(2018 北京朝阳区期中联考)Can I help you, madam? No, thank you. I _________________ (wait) for my order. 2 ．(2018 河南部分重点中学联考)A boy trembled in the cold winter, wrapping his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. He _________________ (not wear) warm clothes and the temperature was －10 ℃. 3 ．( 陕西卷)Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? I m sorry, but by then I _________________ (fly) to Beijing. How about five? am waiting wasnt wearing will be flying

1．．现在完成时 (1) 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far 等。◆◆ (2016 江苏卷 )He has already received three similar invitations this week. 本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。◆◆( 天津卷)In the last few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了成千上万部电影。完成时态

(2) 表示从过去某时开始而延续至今( 可能还要延续下去) 的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since ＋时间点； for。＋时间段等。◆◆( 湖南卷)I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? 我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ Sorry, I havent played the piano for years. 抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。

(3) 在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。◆◆Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？

2．．过去完成时 (1) 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示过去的过去的时间状语( 从句) 。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。◆◆(2016 天津卷)When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadnt seen for years. 当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。

(2) 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，，：常用的时间状语：before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time ＋从句等。◆◆( 辽宁卷)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college. 当杰克从英格兰回到家中时，他的儿子已大学毕业。

(3) 表示愿望、打算的动词(如如 hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend) 用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望

或计划。◆◆I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。

常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /... time ＋that sb. has/have done sth.；； This/It /That was the first /... time ＋that sb. had done sth. 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the ＋最高级＋名词＋(that) 定语从句，，从句中的谓语用完成时。

(3)It is/has been ＋一段时间＋＋since sb. did；； It was/ had been ＋一段时间＋since sb. had done sth. 自从以来多久了。

(4)hardly(scarcely) ...when.../no sooner... than...(一一就 )主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时

[ 对点演练] 单句语法填空 1 ．(2016 北京卷)I __________ (read) half of the English novel, and I ll try to finish it at the weekend. 2 ．(2015 北京卷)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house? Not really. She

__________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

3 ．(2018 成都七中诊断)This is the first time I ___________ (come) to Chengdu and I am truly impressed by the lifestyle of people here. have read had given have come

考纲对完成进行时要求考生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been ＋现在分词。 1．．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，，并有可能继续下去，，：常见的时间状语：all this morning, this month, these few days, since 和和 for 引导的状语从句等。完成进行时

◆◆(2016 北京卷)Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? 打扰了，你们在等哪部电影？ The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. 》新上映的《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。

2．．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。

◆◆(2016 北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力( 将来) 一定会得到回报的。

[ 对点演练] 单句语法填空 1 ．(2016 江苏卷)Dashan, who

____________________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand up tradition.

2 ．(2018 浙江瑞安四校联考)Tom _______________________ _________ (work) in the library every night over the last three months. 3. They

__________________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________________ on it as no good results have come out so

far.(work) has been learning has been working/has had been working are working worked

1．．被动语态的构成和基本用法 (1) 被动语态由 be ＋过去分词构成，，be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become ＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：动词语态

形式时间一般式进行式完成式现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/ were done

was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done

shall/will have been done

◆◆(2015 重庆卷)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。◆◆( 安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。

(2) 被动语态的使用场合：○1不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；○2

强调动作的承受者时。◆◆(2015 安徽卷)It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。◆◆With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。

(1) 有些及物动词( 短语) 不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost 花费；lack 缺少；own 拥有；belong to 属于；take part in 参加。 (2) 不及物动词( 短语) 不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur 发生；remain 剩下；break out 爆发；last 持续；come out 出版；come up 被提出；lose heart 失去信心；date from/back to 追溯到；run out 用完。

2．．主动形式表示被动意义 (1) 词系动词 feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep 等＋形容词/ 名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。◆◆This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。

(2)当当 sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn 等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily 等) 修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。◆◆Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。

[ 对点演练] 单句语法填空/ 单句改错 1 ．(2017 江苏卷)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _____________________

(follow) ． 2 ．(2016 江苏卷)More efforts, as reported, ________________ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.

3 ．(2017 北京卷)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone

at home, and wireless phones hadn t invented yet. _______________________ was being followed will be made 在在invented

前加been

动词时态语态与语法填空第一步，如果括号中给出的词是动词，首先分

析句子成分，看句子是否缺谓语；第二步，确定缺少谓语之后，根据具

体的语境、时间状语等确定使用哪种时态；第三步，根据主语和谓语动词的

逻辑关系确定语态；第四步，根据主语确定谓语动词在人称和数上的一致性。

动词时态语态与短文改错六根据定时态：根据语篇和上下文整体把握时态；

根据时间状语判断时态；根据连词连接成分的对称原则辨清时态；根据主句

谓语识别从句时态；在复合句中，主句用现在时态，从句可根据需要用各

种时态；主句用过去时态，从句用过去的某种时态。根据固定句式要求改正

时态；根据主动被动辨析语态。

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