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新闻英语的语法特点[1]

新闻英语的语法特点[1]
新闻英语的语法特点[1]

新闻英语的语法特点

初读英语新闻的时候,我们会对新闻英语中的一些语法现象和习惯用法不理解或不习惯。了解和熟悉这些语法现象和习惯用法有助于我们更好地阅读英语新闻,也有助于对新闻内容的理解。

一、句子松散,口语化较强

英语新闻中的句子一般较长,通常一段就是一句话。这是因为记者在报道新闻时总是用尽量短的篇幅来提供尽量多的信息。另外,新闻报道有截稿时间的限制,记者在想到新的情况和背景材料时来不及对原稿进行改动就随即增添或补插。因此,英语新闻中的句子较长,结构较为松散,插入成分较多。我们用下面这则新闻来分析新闻英语的这一特点:

Microsoft Offers $1B to Schools

By ALLISONLINN

……

The funding,to be disbursed over five years, would pay for teacher training,technicalsupport,refurbished computers and copies of Microsoft's Windows and Office,to about 14 spokesman Matt Pilla said.……

—Associated Press Nov.21, 2001

这段新闻只有一句话:微软公司决定向美国14%的学校提供资助。句中“to be disbursed over five years”是动词不定式作定语修饰前面的“funding”:“such as Windows and Office”也是插入语,修饰前面的“popular software”,这都给新闻提供了背景材料。同时作者将said 引导的宾语从句放在句首,来强调重要的信息。整个句子结构松散,明显是口语化的句子,读起来短促有力。

英语新闻中,记者经常利用状语、定语、同位语、介词短语、名词短语等为新闻提供背景材料或对新闻的内容做进一步的说明,这就是新闻英语的句子结构显得松散和插入成分较多的原因。

二、宾语从句中引导词的省略

新闻常常都要说明消息来源,也就是要说明信息或消息的出处。从语法上讲,在新闻英语中,主句常常是信息或消息的来源或出处,而它后面的宾语从句则是信息或消息的内容。比如:China Daily said that...《中国日报》报道,……;Officials said that…官方人士称,……等等。但是,在英语新闻的报道中,引导宾语从句的that常常省略,这是一个常见的情况。请看下面这段新闻:

Microsoft Offers $1B to Schools

By ALLISONLINN

……

Furniss said the proposed deal does not provide enough money to sustain the school programs and therefore would have no real long-term benefits.He also said it provides no real punishment for Microsoft,which has cash reserves of some $32billion.

……

—Associated Press Nov.212001

在上面的这段新闻中,两处的“said”之后都省略了“that”。有时引导宾语从句的that也不省略,引导词是否省略与新闻媒体各自不同的风格有关。

三、直接引语标点符号的运用

在新闻英语中,直接引语用引号标明并在适当的地方加上消息来源“某某人、机构、书报说”。“某某说”放在直接引语之前、之后、或者放在引语中间。“某某说”之前或之后可用冒号,逗号和句号。请看下面的例子:

1.冒号之后接直接引语:

Cromer resigns as Seattle Weekly publisher

……

Schneiderman said:“It really wasn't strategic;it was really style of leadership.We worked on it,we tried,but we just couldn't see eye to eye on what to do about it.”

……

—Associated Press Dec.7,2001

在某某人说之后用冒号,后面的直接引语可能是一句话,也可能是几句话,但必须是完整的句子。引号内的引语第一个字母大写,句子结尾用句号。实际上,直接引语放在said之后,这种情况在消息报道中用得并不多。

2.直接引语放在said之前:

3 Americans Die in Afghanistan

By ROBERT BURNS

AP Military Writer

……

“This is one of the potentially most hazardous type of missions that we use as a military tactic,”said Rear Adm.John Stufflebeem,deputy director of operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

……

—Associated Press Dec.05,2001

直接引语放在前面,提供消息内容的消息来源放在后面,这是新闻英语的一个习惯表达方式。在新闻英语中,这种安排是很常见的,也表现出了新闻的特点,就是让读者最早读到最重要的新闻内容。在上面的两段中,引号内的原话虽然是一个完整的句子,但是,按照英语的习惯,在没有交代清楚是谁说的之前,它的句子仍不算完整。所以,引语的末尾仍然用逗号,消息来源某某说后面才使用句号。

3.直接引语中间插入said:

New Law Lets U.S.Nab Foreign H ackers

By D.IAN HOPPER

……

“We haven't done that yet,because it's an affront to the way the Internet works,”Rasch said.“But now we're criminalizing anything that happens over the Internet because traffic passes through the United States.”

……

—Associated Press Nov.22,2001

我们从上面的例子看到,“他说”插入在两个完整的句子之间。第一个句子结尾用的是逗号,在“他说”之后用句号;这种情况与上面第二部分“直接引语放在said之前”的情况相同。“他说”后面接着的But now we're crim- inalizing anything…是另一个完整的句子,所以用大写字母开头。但是,必须注意这个句子仍然是前面“他”所说的内容。

四、根据内容灵活运用时态

新闻报道的绝大多数是刚刚发生或正在发生的事情,因此记者总是尽量使用一般现在时态和现在完成时态,以示“新”和“快”;为了把消息绘声绘色地传达给听众,进行时态使用的也比较普遍;当然,过去时态也常使用。

一般来说,新闻报道基本遵循时态和时态呼应的语法规则,但又不拘泥于这一原则,往往根据实际,灵活运用时态。例如:NOVEMBER 21,18:55EST

Microsoft's Top Lawyer To Retire

William H.Neukom,executive vice presi- dent of law and corporate affairs,announced Wednesday that he will leave Microsoft to concentrate on philanthropy and to spend more time with his grown children....

Neukom said he will continue living in Seattle,where he is chairman of the Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce and active in other community organizations....

在上面的这段新闻中,动词announced和said后面的宾语从句中没有用过去将来时,而是用现在将来时“will leave Microsoft”,“will continue living in Seattle”,因为消息发出时,从句中所说的事情还没有发生。

科技英语的语法特点

词类转换多: 在翻译时将英文的某种词类翻译成汉语的另一词类 The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance. 操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能。 被动语态 1. Mathematics is used in many different fields. 2. People use mathematics in many different fields. 后置定语多 In additional aliphatic compounds, there are a number of hydrocarbons derived from benzene and seemed to have distinctively different chemical properties. 复杂长句多 科技文章要求叙述准确,推理严谨。为了表达请楚,科技英语句子往往较长,需认真分析方能明确句子中各成分之间的关系。译成汉语时,必须按照汉语习惯翻译成若干简句,才能条理清楚,避免欧化句。 科技英语翻译标准

所谓构词法即词的构成方法.即词在结构上规律. 科技英语构词特点 1)外来语多(很多来自希腊语和拉丁语); 2)构词方法多. 除了非科技英语中常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法外,还普遍采用压缩法、混成法.符号法和宇母象形法. 3)有大量半科技英语词汇(semi-scientific words) annual output 年产量 produce…every year 2.1 转化法(conversion) 2.2 派生法(derivation)

2020智慧树知道网课《科技英语语法》课后章节测试满分答案

第一章测试 1 【判断题】(1分) 冠词在翻译的时候都不用译出。 A. 对 B. 错 2 【单选题】(1分) Inthiscase,thefailurepoint(失效点)correspondstoafactorofsafetyof1. 划线部分做什么成分? A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 谓语 D. 主语

3 【判断题】(1分) Einsteinputuptheprincipleofrelativity,validnotonlyinmechanicsbutinallphysics. 划线部分是形容词短语做后置定语 A. 错 B. 对 4 【单选题】(1分) 百万分之二十的英文表达是 A. 20partspermillions B. 20partpermillion C. 20partpermillions D. 20partspermillion

5 【单选题】(1分) 并列连接词and的用法有几种? A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2 6 【单选题】(1分) 这台电压表/伏特计如此灵敏,可以测量出电压的微小变化。 Thisissuch____sensitivevoltmeterthatitcanmeasuretheslightestchangesinvoltage. A. / B. a

C. the D. an 7 【单选题】(1分) 读者学会这些基本概念很重要,否则后面内容的讨论理解起来会有困难。Itisimportantforthereadertolearnthebasicconceptswell,____thediscussionoflatertopicswillbediffi culttounderstand. A. but B. for C. or D. and 8

科技英语的特点.doc

科技英语的特点 一、大量使用名词化结构 《当代英语语法》(A Grammar of Contemporary)在论述科技英语时提出,大量使用名词化结构(Nominalization)是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构,一方面简化了同位语从句,另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转,引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句,而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss. Can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律,因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称;此外,要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。

新闻英语的语法特点

新闻英语的语法特点 初读英语新闻的时候,我们会对新闻英语中的一些语法现象和习惯用法不理解或不习惯。了解和熟悉这些语法现象和习惯用法有助于我们更好地阅读英语新闻,也有助于对新闻内容的理解。 一、句子松散,口语化较强 英语新闻中的句子一般较长,通常一段就是一句话。这是因为记者在报道新闻时总是用尽量短的篇幅来提供尽量多的信息。另外,新闻报道有截稿时间的限制,记者在想到新的情况和背景材料时来不及对原稿进行改动就随即增添或补插。因此,英语新闻中的句子较长,结构较为松散,插入成分较多。我们用下面这则新闻来分析新闻英语的这一特点: Microsoft Offers $1B to Schools By ALLISONLINN …… The funding,to be disbursed over five years, would pay for teacher training,technicalsupport,refurbished computers and copies of Microsoft's Windows and Office,to about 14 spokesman Matt Pilla said.……

—Associated Press Nov.21, 2001 这段新闻只有一句话:微软公司决定向美国14%的学校提供资助。句中“to be disbursed over five years”是动词不定式作定语修饰前面的“funding”:“such as Windows and Office”也是插入语,修饰前面的“popular software”,这都给新闻提供了背景材料。同时作者将said 引导的宾语从句放在句首,来强调重要的信息。整个句子结构松散,明显是口语化的句子,读起来短促有力。 英语新闻中,记者经常利用状语、定语、同位语、介词短语、名词短语等为新闻提供背景材料或对新闻的内容做进一步的说明,这就是新闻英语的句子结构显得松散和插入成分较多的原因。 二、宾语从句中引导词的省略 新闻常常都要说明消息来源,也就是要说明信息或消息的出处。从语法上讲,在新闻英语中,主句常常是信息或消息的来源或出处,而它后面的宾语从句则是信息或消息的内容。比如:China Daily said that...《中国日报》报道,……;Officials said that…官方人士称,……等等。但是,在英语新闻的报道中,引导宾语从句的that常常省略,这是一个常见的情况。请看下面这段新闻: Microsoft Offers $1B to Schools By ALLISONLINN

专业英语的重要性(The importance of Professional English)

专业英语的重要性 众所周知,现在英语在我们的学习和生活中显得越来越重要,我们常常会去看一步英文大片,或者阅读一份英文报纸,来更好的了解世界。而对于我们学习化工的同学来说,除了学好日常英语外,学习专业英语就显得更加重要了。 学习专业英语前,让我们看一些简单的化工单词,我们就会不知所措,更不要说去写点什么了,可是学习化工英语后我们有了一些基础,不仅认识了一些简单的化工单词,甚至还能够用英语写出所学的一些化工反应的原理。我想这就是我的收获吧,从中足以看出化工英语的重要性,而这只是在学校而已。 随着我们进入工作岗位,化工英语的重要性应该会更好的体现出来,面对一台进口的设备,我们可以顺利的去操作;面对一份英语的订单,我们也可以轻松处理;面对来考察的外商,我们可以给他用英语来介绍我们的设备和产品…… 总而言之,专业英语对我们的作用更大,是我们学习和工作不可或缺的。 The importance of Professional English As is known to us all, English in our study and life becomes increasingly important, we often see a famous film in English, or read an English newspaper, to better understand the world. For our students to learn chemistry, in addition to learning everyday English, learning professional English becomes more important. Before learning professional English, let's look at a few simple chemical words, we will be at a loss and don't even say to write something , but after learning English for chemical ,we have some basis, not only to know some simple chemical words, and even to be able to use English to write some of the chemical reaction learned the principle. I think this is my gain from it, enough to show the importance of professional English , and it was only in the school just. As we enter the jobs, the importance of professional English should be better to come out, facing a import equipment, we can smooth to operate ;in the face of a English order, we also can easily handle; in the face of the foreigner to investigate, we can give him English to introduce our equipment and product... All in all, the role of English in our study and work is essential.

科技英语的特点与翻译

科技英语的特点与翻译

任何作品均有特定的文体,原文的文体不同,翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文 "It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job." "A wonderful job." "Are you going to take it ?" "I don't think so." "Why not?' "I don't want to." "听说有个很好的工作要你去干。"

She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. 那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔

顺眼睛,里边隐藏着无穷的心事,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 摘自(珍妮姑娘)(Jennie Gerhardt),傅东华译.上面五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。"and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress"是非常优美生动的文学语言,译文保持了一风格。 MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a

科技英语语法_同位语从句_名词性从句_定语从句

2015/12/2 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
1、一般情况 (1)公式
§5. 2 同位语从句 The latter(后一)form has the advantage that it can be extended(扩展) to complex quantities .
+ 某些抽象名词 +
the this a/an O no
形容词 物主代词
that从句[“that”在
从句中无词义、无 成分]
③ “动宾译法”:这时该“抽象名词” 来自于可带有宾语从句的及物动词。
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
(2)译法 ① “~ 这一 ……” 的
§5. 2 同位语从句 During the past several years, there has been an increasing [a growing] recognition [realization; awareness] within business(商务)and academic(学术的) circles(界)that certain nations have evolved(发展)into information societies .
The assumption that β = constant is often made to simplify analysis. R = r is the condition that power delivered(提供)by a given source is a maximum .
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句 Here we have used the definition (定义)that acceleration(加速度)is the rate(速率)of change of velocity .
② 这一 ……:~ 以下的
§5. 2 同位语从句 The main theoretical development in this decade(十年)has been in the recognition that material properties should be included in analytical models . This is equivalent to a statement that everything is attracted by the earth.
This account for(解释)the observation(观察到的情况)that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature .
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新闻英语语法特点研究

新闻英语是具有新闻特性,适合新闻报道的语言,是适应新闻信息传播需要的语言。它的特点是准确,简练和浅显,不能象文学作品那样可以夸饰或矫柔造作。此外,作者还必须尽可能多快好省地赶在截稿之前,借助各种行之有效的语法手段,在有限的版面内为读者展现清晰的新闻内容。为此,在长期的实践中,新闻英语形成了有别于一般英语的特征。就语法现象而言,新闻英语主要有以下特点。 一、新闻英语标题的语法特点 在阅读英美报刊时,人们习惯于先浏览标题,再取舍阅读的内容。英美报刊的新闻标题是新闻不可分割的组成部分,它提纲挈领,言简意赅,具有与一般英语语法不同的独特的语法体系和语法特点。 1.省略从句法上讲,每个标题都是一个完整的句子,但为了节省篇幅和有紧凑感,通常在写标题时往往只标示实义词而省略虚词。省略最多的虚词是冠词和助动词“be”,其次是连词,助动词和代词,现分述如下: 1.1冠词的省略 1)Babybornintaxi;drivermayfacefines. =(A)baby(was)bornin(a)taxi;(the)drivermayfacefines. 2)BombexplosioninNepalicapitalwounds38. =(A)bombexplosioninNepalicapitalwounds38. 1.2人称代词的省略 1)HaveDollars,WillSell. =(IfYou)HaveDollars,(They)WillSell. 2)Husendscondolences. =(President)Hu(Jintao)sends(his)condolences. 1.3助动词"be"的省略 1)Recordnumberofscholarstogoabroad =Recordnumberofscholars(are)togoabroad. 2)Networklaunchedtotrackvagrants. =(A)network(is)launchedtotrackvagrants. 1.4连词"and"的省略,常被逗号所取代 1)WTOentrybringsbenefits,challenges. =(The)WTOentrybringsbenefits(and)challenges. 2)WomanKillsHusband,self. =(A)WomanKills(her)Husband(and)(Her)self. 2.时态新闻英语标题要求言简意赅,因而不可能采用英语中的所有时态来浓缩新闻事实,因此新闻标题形成了自身独有的语法特点,英文标题中常见的动词身体时态有以下三种形式: 2.1通常情况下,新闻报道的消息多半已经发生,但为了使读者感到是“新闻而不是“旧闻”,新闻标题中的动词常用一般现在时,增强了报道的新鲜感和直接感,这叫做“新闻现在时”(journalisticpresenttense),与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(historicalpresenttense)实际上完全一样。 1)Chinawinsping-pongmixeddoubles. 2)TidalwavesslamAsia,over6,500dieinwake. 上面两个例句中win,slam和die这三个单词所表达的动作显然已经发生,但都用了一般现在时来增进描述的生动性和真实感。 2.2标题中如果表示的事件将要发生,通常带“to”的动词不定式在英文标题中来直接表示未来动作。 1)Newrulestotackleconstructiondeaths. 2)Securityforunemployedtobesetupin3years. 例句a和b在不定式符号“to”的前面分别省略了“are”和“is”,节省了标题的字数。 2.3标题中如果表示正在发生的事件或动作,通常直接采取现在进行体中的“--ving”形式,而省略了助动词am,is和are。 1)Foreigncompaniesignoringlabour. 2)Charitablegivingbecomingatrendoftimes. 上面两个例句分别在"ignoring"和"becoming"之前省略了助动词are和is。 3.语态标题中的动词表示被动语态时,通常用-ed分词在标题里直接表示被动意义,但切勿将之误解成动词的过去式,例如:1)Sixkilled,40injuredinIran--Japanmatch. 2)Soundinsurancesystemneededforunemployed. 请注意:例句中killed,injured,needed三个词是表示被动的过去分词,在它们三个词前面分别省略了助动词are,are和is。这三个词不是过去时态,因为新闻英语标题中极少用过去时态。 4.标点英文标题一贯注重结构精练,并不使用所有的标点符号。即使使用某个标点符号,其主要目的不外乎两种,一是区分表示各句子成分意群之间的关系;二是旨在进一步节省标题字数。现主要介绍一下标题中常见的两种标点符号的用法: 4.1逗号常被用来代替连词“and”。例如: 1)Petsbringpleasure,problemstourbanites. 2)WTOentrybringsbenefits,challenges. 上面两个例句都用逗号代替连词了“and”,这样做的好处是节约了标题中的字数。 4.2经常用冒号,把标题的主题和其他部分分开,例如: 1)Researcher:Secessionistdistortbill. 2)Ronaldinho:thecatalystofBarcelona'srevival. 例句a中的冒号表示“说”,可以用英语“says”来代替,例句b中的冒号可以用系动词“is”来代替。两个例句都是用冒号把标题的主题和其他部分分开 二、新闻报道内容的语法特点 2.1宾语从句中引导词的省略新闻常常都要说明消息来源,也就是要说明信息或消息的出处。从语法上讲,在新闻英语中,主句常常是信息或消息的来源或出处,而它后面的宾语从句则是信息或消息的内容。但是,在英语新闻的报道中,引导宾语从句的that常常省略,这是一个常见的现象。请看下面两则新闻: 1)ForeignMinistryspokesmanLiuJiantaosaid(...)thevisitis"anunfavourableincident"forChina--Japanties.Hesaid(...)asoundSino--JapaneserelationshipalsohingesonJapan'sproperhandlingofissuesofvitalinterestofChina. 2)Organizerssaid(...)itmighttakeatleast80millionTaiwandollarstomobilizepeopleinTaipeitoprotestagaisttheAnti-SecessionLawadoptedbytheNationalPeople'sCongress. 值得注意的是,新闻英语中这个连词that的省略与否,有时并无定格,甚至在同一篇新闻报道中,时省时留,具有较大的随意性。这主要是因记者时常匆忙赶稿而无暇顾及所致。请看下面取自一篇新闻报道中的两个段落,注意划线部分: PresidentHuJintaosaid(...)hebeleivedlocalpeoplecould 新闻英语语法特点研究 马文书 (周口师范学院外语系河南周口466001) 摘要:本文从新闻英语标题及内容常见的语法现象出发,详细介绍了新闻刊物中一些独特的语法特点,以期对英语学习者阅读新闻英语时有所帮助。 关键词:新闻英语;标题;内容;语法特点 Abstract:Thisthesis,basedonthecommongrammaticalphenomenonintheheadandcontentsofthejournalisticEnglish,makesananalysisontheuniquegrammaticalcharacteristicsofthejournalstohelptheEnglishlearnersintheirreadingofjournalisticEnglish.Keywords:journalisticEnglish;head;content;grammaticalcharacteristics 186

科技英语语法考题

科技英语语法考题 考试时间:120分钟 系班:________________学号:________________ 姓名: _____________ 得分: ___________ I、英译汉(每题3分) 1. One-time write of the desired data into an erased(插干净了的)PROM is all that is required to store information quickly and permanently. 2. Of the variety of aberrations(像差)the image(像)formed by a single lens is subject to, perhaps the most familiar is the presence of fringes(不重合)of color around whatever is being viewed. 3. Since transformers(变压器)are large, heavy, and expensive, their elimination from the circuit(电路)results in considerable savings. 4. Every element(元素)exhibits(显示)a unique line spectrum(线谱)when a sample of it is suitably excited(激励),and its presence in a substance of unknown composition (构成)can be ascertained(确定)by the appearance of its characteristic wavelengths(特征波长)in the spectrum of the substance. 5. The solution(溶液)of water and other materials in which the tissues(人体组织)are bathed is slightly salty, an interesting reminder(暗示)of the first living cells(细胞)which originated in the sea. 6. The ability of the modern computer to perform rapid calculations on large, complex problems has resulted in the recent development of computational techniques not considered in the past. 7. Attractive as these theories and explanations are, there is no direct evidence that the child has a special language learning capacity which is totally absent in the adult. 8. The second aspect(方面)to determine our progress is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 9. The two answers, of course, are identical(相同的), but how much more simply the energy principle(能量原理)leads to the final results! 10. Stereophonic(立体的)sound, or “stereo,” as it is usually called, refers to a sys tem of recording or sound transmission using multiple microphones(话筒)and loudspeakers(扬声器). 11. Broadly speaking, computer security is keeping anyone from doing things you do not want them to do to, with, on or from your computers or any peripheral(外部的)devices. 12. Not as familiar is the fact that any substance whatever will be influenced by the magnetic field, although to an extent which is extremely small compared with a substance like iron. 13. Each element (元素) when vaporized (汽化) has its own set of frequencies it is able to emit or absorb, in a pattern as characteristic of that element as a set of fingerprints is of an individual human. 14. In any one example, h will either be always odd (奇数的) or always even (偶数的), which is all that matters, so that ( - 1)h will always be uniquely (唯一地) determined. 15. Symbols used in assembly(汇编)language programs are made up of letters and digits(数 字), with the first character(字符)of the symbol a letter.

新闻英语词汇特点

新闻英语词汇特点 英语像汉语一样在不断地发展与变化,外国人学习现代英语,非多看中国报刊、多听中文广播或多看中文电视不可。同样,我们在学习现代英语时,也要尽可能经常接触英语报刊、广播。毫不夸张他说,当今社会日新月异的发展成百倍地拓展了现代英语的涵盖范畴,以至于有人戏言,倘若莎士比亚再生,恐怕也要沦为文盲。而英语世界里这一日千里的变迁和由此带来的新生事物,除了报刊等英语新闻媒体外,几乎找不到更好的手段予以详细记录。现代英语已与我们的长辈几十年以前从课本上学到的英语有了区别。虽说是大同小异,但小异在哪儿?最简便的方法就是从英语报刊等新闻媒介中寻找。可见,新闻英语无疑将有助于我们学习现代英语的各种实用文体与风格,扩大学习视野,丰富各方面的知识。 英语报刊集现代英语之大成,如总统庄严的声明,民众轻松的闲聊,各学科的术语,各领域的行话,风土人情乃至市井俚语,英语报刊无所不包,从而有利于我们广大英语爱好者根据自己的需要和爱好各取所需。不难理解,英语报刊是我们学习和掌握现代英语最实用的途径之一,其鲜明七实用的词汇特色集中表现在以下几个方面: 现代社会发展迅猛,其结果之一便是新词语不断涌现。新中国成立以来,尤其是改革开放以来,现代汉语中出现了大量的新词汇,包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词语等;甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相,给人们,尤其是年轻一代,以耳目一新之感。在改革开放的今天,由于词典等工具书的编纂周期难以赶上现实生活中新词语的产生速度,广大英语学习者面临的一大难题就是,如何把这些新词语译成地道的英语。而英语报刊正好起到了为一般双语词典“拾遗补缺”的作用,如“双休日”、“拳头产品”、“人才流动”、“外向型经济”、“三资企业”、“扫黄运动”、“不正之风”、“小康水平”、“退居二线”、“有偿新闻”,“与国际接轨”等词语的英译,首先都是见诸英语报端的。现列举几则摘自英语报刊含有这类新词语英语表达的实例,以资佐证: 1、Taking advantage of the two-day dayoffs, he basked in the spring sunshine with his family. 他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下,享受双休日所带来的乐趣。 2、The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products according to its local advantages and characteristic. 中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。 3、In order to fully tap the human resources, the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged, 为了充分发掘人才潜力,不仅应该允许人才合理流动,而且还要鼓励人才流动。

科技英语的特点与翻译

任何作品均有特定的文体,原文的文体不同,翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文 "It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job." "A wonderful job." "Are you going to take it ?" "I don't think so." "Why not?' "I don't want to." "听说有个很好的工作要你去干。" "挺好的工作"。 "打算干吗?" "不。" "为什么不干?" "不想干"。 摘自《刀锋》(The Razor's Edge ) 这是小说中的一段对说,属于口语文体。其特点是:用词自由,句法结构简单,短句与省略句多,自然朴素,生活气息浓厚。在译文中进一步体现汉语口语的特点,省去主语"你"、"我";将英语的一个句子I don't think so.干脆译成一个字"不",显得简洁有力。 She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were

large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. 那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格,一张坦率开诚的面容,一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛,里边隐藏着无穷的心事,只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 摘自(珍妮姑娘)(Jennie Gerhardt),傅东华译.上面五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。"and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress"是非常优美生动的文学语言,译文保持了一风格。 MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst,to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss. [蒙特利尔电]在全国手球联赛中克拉克约翰斯今晚初试锋芒,引起轰动。上半场领先四分,首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用,约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队,创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。 这是属于应用文的新闻文体,其特点是简明扼要,短小精悍,结构紧凑,笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子,却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致,富于吸引力。 The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The fullscale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale,

新闻英语的特点

新闻的句子一般语法结构复杂、松散、冗长,所以新闻部分是一大难点。 为了简洁,同时为了在尽可能短的句子里包含更多的信息,通常新闻将多个句子合并到一个句子里面。所以练习新闻听力的时候要反应迅速,对整个句子有一个总的概览,并且要快速定位信息。 新闻多使用分词结构,所以对分词结构要熟练掌握。 The US has designated thirty international groups as terrorist organizations, barring them from receiving money, weapons or other support from US citizens. A coast guard spokesman said 15 illegal emigrants, all believed to come from Samaria, survived being thrown into the Mediterranean Sea. The arrest came as the Argentine government struck down the decree prohibiting such extradition, saying all Argentines should be equal before the law. 新闻多使用从句,要准确判断出句子的结构。 He said the United States which is helping oversee the negotiations has a real chance to help reach an acceptable solution. Authority said they were seeking two men in connection with the fires, which they believed were started deliberately.

科技英语_秦荻辉_科技英语语法习题以及答案

科技英语_秦荻辉_科技英语语法习题以及答案练习 1 I、将下列句子译成汉语,注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置: 1. In this case the current(电流)exists for only half the cycle(周期). 2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit(电路). 3. Sensitivity(灵敏度)is a measure of how small a signal(信号)a receiver(接收机)can pick up and amplify(放大)to a level useful for communications. 4. ε may be as small a positive constant as you please. 5. Even so fundamental a dimension,量纲,as time was measured extremely crudely with sand and water clocks hundreds of years ago. 6. Nonlinear distortion,非线性失真,can be caused by too large an input signal. 7. The method used is quite an effective one. 8. A series,级数,solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed. II、将下列句子译成汉语,注意句中“and”和“or”的确切含义: 1. Air has weight and occupies space. 2. In this way less collector dissipation(集电极功耗)results, and the efficiency increases.

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