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Analysis ---Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening

Analysis ---Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening
Analysis ---Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening

Analysis on Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

From aspects of diction, syntax and voice

李致远2010(4)201003010418 Recently I have learnt Robert Frost’s poem Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, and I can feel the regret the speaker possesses when encountering the woods on a snowy evening but having to leave unwillingly. A masterpiece can be analyzed in many aspects, and I’d like to talk about this poem briefly in these three aspects: diction, syntax and voice.

1.Diction

Diction can be generally defined as the choice of words. When reading a poem, we need to know the denotation--- a meaning as defined in a dictionary. But more importantly, the connotation (namely the overtones or suggestions of additional meaning that it gains from all the contexts in which a reader has met it in the past) deserves more attention.

In this poem, many words are simple but meaningful. And I think in the last two lines “ And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep”, the phrase “to go”is one of the most impressive use of diction. Literally, “to go”simply means finishing the journey, but I can tell the hidden meaning from the two lines. We can get the meaning that speaker may need to go a long way before he gets to the destination as promised, but the destination may also means the end of life, or to be more

exact---death. So “to go” may also implies the things to do like meeting old friends, fighting for ambitious dreams, falling in love with his soul-mate or even witnessing the marriage of his children etc. And in that sense, the speaker actually shows us that on the long journey of life, we cannot be stopped by some beauty on the way, since we have so many more important and meaningful things to handle.

2. Syntax

Our textbook defines syntax as “the word order and sentence structure arranged and modified in meaningful verbal patterns such as phrases, clauses, and sentences throughout the poem”. Besides the colloquial syntax, when appreciating the poem, readers should focus more on the poetic syntax. Using poetic syntax can help us achieve unique rhetorical or poetic effects and special weight. Changing conventional word order or place certain emphasis on particular words can also affect rhythm and voice, which can reveal the speaker’s state of mind. The usual forms are repetition, reversion, breaking off.

One obvious use of syntax in this poem is repetition. In the concluding two lines, “And miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleep” is the climactic position of the whole poem. The repeated sentences make the reader to feel the long-long journey the speaker will take, and then leave the reader to think twice about the meaning. Why does the speaker emphasize the “miles to go”? Because “sleep” in poetry is often used

figuratively to refer to death, there is a suggestion of symbolic interpretation--- “and many years to live before I die.”

3. V oice

When we discuss voice in the poem, we need to analyze from the two aspects---“speaker”and “tone”. Speaker is revealed through the voice speaking in the poem, and the speaker’s voice conveys the poem’s tone.

(1)Speaker

Speaker in the poem does stop to watch the snow fall in the woods despite the belling shaking of the horse and the promise to keep, which immediately reveals the speaker is a sensitive, romantic and emotional person. The speaker expresses his feeling for beauty directly and uses “my little horse”, “I have”and “I think I know”, which implies the speaker is uttering his feeling to the reader directly, and the “speaker” is just the poet himself.

(2) Tone

The tone is the writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward his subject, his audience, or himself. The factors that might influence the tone are connotation, sentence construction, imagery, irony, rhythm, formal pattern etc.

I think there are changes in speaker’s tone--- from joyful to dejected. When the speaker firstly sees the soft pieces of snow, the lovely and deep woods in the easy wind, he doesn’t want to move a little bit. At that time,

readers can get the joy and amusement of the speaker. Notwithstanding, it suddenly occurs to the speaker that “But I have promises to keep”, and he has to leave that dreaming place unwillingly. So the tone of the poem now turns dejected. The speaker’s depression stems mainly from his unwanted responsibility. And even the poet is sympathetic to the speaker. But since the promise is the unavailable duty, the poet understands rather than censures his action.

After briefly discussing from the three aspects before, I think the theme of this poem is that beauty possesses an important place in a human’s full life, whether pursuing beauty at the expense of other obligations and duties or keeping one’s life responsibility and giving up personal inclination to beauty is just a personal choice.

References:

1 《英语诗歌教程》高等教育出版

2 叶华年《罗伯特弗罗斯特诗歌的生态解读》上海师范大学出版社

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Robert Frost Whose woods these are I think I know, His house is in the village though.

He will not see me stopping here,

To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer,

To stop without a farmhouse near, Between the woods and frozen lake,

The darkest evening of the year.

He gives his harness bells a shake,

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sound's the sweep,

Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep.

And miles to go before I sleep.

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家具设计的基本尺寸(单位:cm) 衣橱:深度:一般60~65;推拉门:70,衣橱门宽度:40~65 推拉门:75~150,高度:190~240 矮柜:深度:35~45,柜门宽度:30-60 电视柜:深度:45-60,高度:60-70 单人床:宽度:90,105,120;长度:180,186,200,210 双人床:宽度:135,150,180;长度180,186,200,210 圆床:直径:186,212.5,242.4(常用) 室内门:宽度:80-95,医院120;高度:190,200,210,220,240 厕所、厨房门:宽度:80,90;高度:190,200,210 窗帘盒:高度:12-18;深度:单层布12;双层布16-18(实际尺寸) 沙发:单人式:长度:80-95,深度:85-90;坐垫高:35-42;背高:70-90 双人式:长度:126-150;深度:80-90 三人式:长度:175-196;深度:80-90 四人式:长度:232-252;深度80-90 茶几:小型,长方形:长度60-75,宽度45-60,高度38-50(38最佳) 中型,长方形:长度120-135;宽度38-50或者60-75 正方形:长度75-90,高度43-50 大型,长方形:长度150-180,宽度60-80,高度33-42(33最佳) 圆形:直径75,90,105,120;高度:33-42 方形:宽度90,105,120,135,150;高度33-42 书桌:固定式:深度45-70(60最佳),高度75 活动式:深度65-80,高度75-78 书桌下缘离地至少58;长度:最少90(150-180最佳) 餐桌:高度75-78(一般),西式高度68-72,一般方桌宽度120,90,75;长方桌宽度80,90,105,120;长度150,165,180,210,240 圆桌:直径90,120,135,150,180 书架:深度25-40(每一格),长度:60-120;下大上小型下方深度35-45,高度80-90活动未及顶高柜:深度45,高度180-200 木隔间墙厚:6-10;内角材排距:长度(45-60)*90

齐晋鞌之战原文和译文

鞌之战选自《左传》又名《鞍之战》原文:楚癸酉,师陈于鞌(1)。邴夏御侯,逢丑父为右②。晋解张御克,郑丘缓为右(3)。侯日:“余姑翦灭此而朝食(4)”。不介马而驰之⑤。克伤于矢,流血及屦2 未尽∧6),曰:“余病矣(7)!”张侯曰:“自始合(8),而矢贯余手及肘(9),余折以御,左轮朱殷(10),岂敢言病吾子忍之!”缓曰:“自始合,苟有险,余必下推车,子岂_识之(11)然子病矣!”张侯曰:“师之耳目,在吾旗鼓,进退从之。此车一人殿之(12),可以集事(13),若之何其以病败君之大事也擐甲执兵(14),固即死也(15);病未及死,吾子勉之(16)!”左并辔(17) ,右援拐鼓(18)。马逸不能止(19),师从之,师败绩。逐之,三周华不注(20) 韩厥梦子舆谓己曰:“旦辟左右!”故中御而从齐侯。邴夏曰:“射其御者,君子也。”公曰:“谓之君子而射之,非礼也。”射其左,越于车下;射其右,毙于车中。綦毋张丧车,从韩厥,曰:“请寓乘。”从左右,皆肘之,使立于后。韩厥俛,定其右。逢丑父与公易位。将及华泉,骖絓于木而止。丑父寝于轏中,蛇出于其下,以肱击之,伤而匿之,故不能推车而及。韩厥执絷马前,再拜稽首,奉觞加璧以进,曰:“寡君使群臣为鲁、卫请,曰:‘无令舆师陷入君地。’下臣不幸,属当戎行,无所逃隐。且惧奔辟而忝两君,臣辱戎士,敢告不敏,摄官承乏。” 丑父使公下,如华泉取饮。郑周父御佐车,宛茷为右,载齐侯以免。韩厥献丑父,郤献子将戮之。呼曰:“自今无有代其君任患者,有一于此,将为戮乎”郤子曰:“人不难以死免其君,我戮之不祥。赦之,以劝事君者。”乃免之。译文1:在癸酉这天,双方的军队在鞌这个地方摆开了阵势。齐国一方是邴夏为齐侯赶车,逢丑父当车右。晋军一方是解张为主帅郤克赶车,郑丘缓当车右。齐侯说:“我姑且消灭了这些人再吃早饭。”不给马披甲就冲向了晋军。郤克被箭射伤,血流到了鞋上,但是仍不停止擂鼓继续指挥战斗。他说:“我受重伤了。”解张说:“从一开始接战,一只箭就射穿了我的手和肘,左边的车轮都被我的血染成了黑红色,我哪敢说受伤您忍着点吧!”郑丘缓说:“从一开始接战,如果遇到道路不平的地方,我必定(冒着生命危险)下去推车,您难道了解这些吗不过,您真是受重伤了。”daier 解张说:“军队的耳朵和眼睛,都集中在我们的战旗和鼓声,前进后退都要听从它。这辆车上还有一个人镇守住它,战事就可以成功。为什么为了伤痛而败坏国君的大事呢身披盔甲,手执武器,本来就是去走向死亡,伤痛还没到死的地步,您还是尽力而为吧。”一边说,一边用左手把右手的缰绳攥在一起,用空出的右手抓过郤克手中的鼓棰就擂起鼓来。(由于一手控马,)马飞快奔跑而不能停止,晋军队伍跟着指挥车冲上去,把齐军打得打败。晋军随即追赶齐军,三次围绕着华不注山奔跑。韩厥梦见他去世的父亲对他说:“明天早晨作战时要避开战车左边和右边的位置。”因此韩厥就站在中间担任赶车的来追赶齐侯的战车。邴夏说:“射那个赶车的,他是个君子。”齐侯说: “称他为君子却又去射他,这不合于礼。”daier 于是射车左,车左中箭掉下了车。又射右边的,车右也中箭倒在了车里。(晋军的)将军綦毋张损坏了自己的战车,跟在韩厥的车后说: “请允许我搭乗你的战车。”他上车后,无论是站在车的左边,还是站在车的右边,韩厥都用肘推他,让他站在自己身后——战车的中间。韩厥又低下头安定了一下受伤倒在车中的那位自己的车右。于是逢丑父和齐侯(乘韩厥低头之机)互相调换了位置。将要到达华泉时,齐侯战车的骖马被树木绊住而不能继续逃跑而停了下来。(头天晚上)逢丑父睡在栈车里,有一条蛇从他身子底下爬出来,他用小臂去打蛇,小臂受伤,但他(为了能当车右)隐瞒了这件事。由于这样,他不能用臂推车前进,因而被韩厥追上了。韩厥拿着拴马绳走到齐侯的马前,两次下拜并行稽首礼,捧着一杯酒并加上一块玉璧给齐侯送上去,

“the way+从句”结构的意义及用法

“theway+从句”结构的意义及用法 首先让我们来看下面这个句子: Read the followingpassageand talkabout it wi th your classmates.Try totell whatyou think of Tom and ofthe way the childrentreated him. 在这个句子中,the way是先行词,后面是省略了关系副词that或in which的定语从句。 下面我们将叙述“the way+从句”结构的用法。 1.the way之后,引导定语从句的关系词是that而不是how,因此,<<现代英语惯用法词典>>中所给出的下面两个句子是错误的:This is thewayhowithappened. This is the way how he always treats me. 2.在正式语体中,that可被in which所代替;在非正式语体中,that则往往省略。由此我们得到theway后接定语从句时的三种模式:1) the way+that-从句2)the way +in which-从句3) the way +从句 例如:The way(in which ,that) thesecomrade slookatproblems is wrong.这些同志看问题的方法

不对。 Theway(that ,in which)you’re doingit is comple tely crazy.你这么个干法,简直发疯。 Weadmired him for theway inwhich he facesdifficulties. Wallace and Darwingreed on the way inwhi ch different forms of life had begun.华莱士和达尔文对不同类型的生物是如何起源的持相同的观点。 This is the way(that) hedid it. I likedthe way(that) sheorganized the meeting. 3.theway(that)有时可以与how(作“如何”解)通用。例如: That’s the way(that) shespoke. = That’s how shespoke.

家装基本尺寸大全

家具设计的基本尺寸(单位:厘米) 衣橱:深度:一般60~65;推拉门:70,衣橱门宽度:40~65 推拉门:75~150,高度:190~240 矮柜:?深度:35~45,柜门宽度:30-60 电视柜:深度:45-60,高度:60-70 单人床:宽度:90,105,120;长度:180,186,200,210 双人床:宽度:135,150,180;长度180,186,200,210 圆床:?直径:186,,(常用) 室内门:宽度:80-95,医院120;高度:190,200,210,220,240 厕所、厨房门:宽度:80,90;高度:190,200,210 窗帘盒:高度:12-18;深度:单层布12;双层布16-18(实际尺寸) 沙发:单人式:长度:80-95,深度:85-90;坐垫高:35-42;背高:70-90双人式:长度:126-150;深度:80-90 三人式:长度:175-196;深度:80-90 四人式:长度:232-252;深度80-90 茶几:小型,长方形:长度60-75,宽度45-60,高度38-50(38最佳) 中型,长方形:长度120-135;宽度38-50或者60-75 正方形:?长度75-90,高度43-50 大型,长方形:长度150-180,宽度60-80,高度33-42(33最佳)

圆形:直径75,90,105,120;高度:33-42 方形:宽度90,105,120,135,150;高度33-42 书桌:固定式:深度45-70(60最佳),高度75 活动式:深度65-80,高度75-78 书桌下缘离地至少58;长度:最少90(150-180最佳) 餐桌:高度75-78(一般),西式高度68-72,一般方桌宽度120,90,75; 长方桌宽度80,90,105,120;长度150,165,180,210,240 圆桌:直径90,120,135,150,180 书架:深度25-40(每一格),长度:60-120;下大上小型下方深度35-45,高度80-90 活动未及顶高柜:深度45,高度180-200 木隔间墙厚:6-10;内角材排距:长度(45-60)*90 桌类家具高度尺寸:700mm、720mm、740mm、760mm四个规格; 椅凳类家具的座面高度:400mm、420mm、440mm三个规格。 桌椅高度差应控制在280至320mm范围内。

《鞌之战》阅读答案(附翻译)原文及翻译

《鞌之战》阅读答案(附翻译)原文及翻 译 鞌之战[1] 选自《左传成公二年(即公元前589年)》 【原文】 癸酉,师陈于鞌[2]。邴夏御齐侯[3],逢丑父为右[4]。晋解张御郤克,郑丘缓为右[5]。齐侯曰:余姑翦灭此而朝食[6]。不介马而驰之[7]。郤克伤于矢,流血及屦,未绝鼓音[8],曰:余病[9]矣!张侯[10]曰:自始合,而矢贯余手及肘[11],余折以御,左轮朱殷[12],岂敢言病。吾子[13]忍之!缓曰:自始合,苟有险[14],余必下推车,子岂识之[15]?然子病矣!张侯曰:师之耳目,在吾旗鼓,进退从之[16]。此车一人殿之[17],可以集事[18],若之何其以病败君之大事也[19]?擐甲执兵,固即死也[20]。病未及死,吾子勉之[21]!左并辔[22],右援枹而鼓[23],马逸不能止[24],师从之。齐师败绩[25]。逐之,三周华不注[26]。 【注释】 [1]鞌之战:春秋时期的著名战役之一。战争的实质是齐、晋争霸。由于齐侯骄傲轻敌,而晋军同仇敌忾、士气旺盛,战役以齐败晋胜而告终。鞌:通鞍,齐国地名,在今山东济南西北。 [2]癸酉:成公二年的六月十七日。师,指齐晋两国军队。陈,

列阵,摆开阵势。 [3]邴夏:齐国大夫。御,动词,驾车。御齐侯,给齐侯驾车。齐侯,齐国国君,指齐顷公。 [4]逢丑父:齐国大夫。右:车右。 [5]解张、郑丘缓:都是晋臣,郑丘是复姓。郤(x )克,晋国大夫,是这次战争中晋军的主帅。又称郤献子、郤子等。 [6]姑:副词,姑且。翦灭:消灭,灭掉。朝食:早饭。这里是吃早饭的意思。这句话是成语灭此朝食的出处。 [7]不介马:不给马披甲。介:甲。这里用作动词,披甲。驰之:驱马追击敌人。之:代词,指晋军。 [8] 未绝鼓音:鼓声不断。古代车战,主帅居中,亲掌旗鼓,指挥军队。兵以鼓进,击鼓是进军的号令。 [9] 病:负伤。 [10]张侯,即解张。张是字,侯是名,人名、字连用,先字后名。 [11]合:交战。贯:穿。肘:胳膊。 [12]朱:大红色。殷:深红色、黑红色。 [13]吾子:您,尊敬。比说子更亲切。 [14]苟:连词,表示假设。险:险阻,指难走的路。 [15]识:知道。之,代词,代苟有险,余必下推车这件事,可不译。 [16]师之耳目:军队的耳、目(指注意力)。在吾旗鼓:在我们

(完整版)time的用法总结

一.time的短语 from time to time 有时 on time 准时, in time 及时; all the time 始终,一直; at the same time 同时, ahead of time提前 at no time 绝不 some time一段时间 sometime“在某一时候”。可用来指过去或将来 sometimes (at times, from time to time) “有时,不时” at a time (a time) at one time (once)

at times ( sometimes) in no time (immediately)立刻,马上; have a good/nice time (enjoy oneself) “过的愉快 for the time being “暂时” Many a time/many times 多次 take one’s time从容 kill time消磨时间 【活学活用】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项 1. Jim comes to visit us from time to time. That’s always the happiest time for the family. A.on time B. sometime C. at times D. some times

2.At no time _____study though __ ___great progress. A. should we give up; we have made B. shouldn’t we give up; we have made C. we should give up; we have made D. we shouldn’t give up; have we made 3.---When shall we visit the Science Museum?” ---_________ next week.” A.Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Sometimes 答案:1. C2.A 3A 二.time相关从属连词高考常考点 1. every time / each time每次 Every time I call on him, he is out.

way 用法

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