Vocabulary in Context

Vocabulary in Context -词汇题

1.题目常见的问法如下：

2.看清题型后寻求解决方法--阅读上下文，找到关系。常考的关系如下：

a)直接反义判定：

该词前或后出现的内容提示我们是反义关系。从中文看逻辑会看的更清楚，我们先举个中文的例子：丽丽是个_______ 人，相反她是一个内向的人。从后面的内向可以推出前面应该是个外向之类的词。所以我们要关注的是表示非A而B的英文表达。rather than, instead, unlike, contrast, on the contrary…

For example: The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother’s values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity

Question：The word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __

A) refuses to accept B) lives up to C) tries to understand D) makes the best of

Analysis: 我们可以从后面的小词instead 这个词判定儿子和妈妈的价值观念是相反的，由此信息看四个选项，你会发现只有A选项带有否定的意味

b)并列关系判定：

并列关系词如下：and，not only ..but also，as…as，both … and，either… or，neither… nor

我们先举个中文例子看看：

丽丽和俞敏洪老师跳舞就好比美女与_____跳舞。

For example: She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.

Questions: The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to

A) took a trip to B) started out on C) improved upon D) had an opinion about

Analysis: 我们可以从前后关系判定，首先我们看到一个词career职业生涯。我们在这句中看到关键词and 其后出现soon began告诉我们前后方向是一致的，前面也必然和began有关，所以本题目的正解是B。

c)解释关系判定:

后面的句子、短语或单词来解释前面的词常见的标志词：contribute to，be responsible for，account for，since，therefore，for，because，in which

举个中文例子：丽丽老师昨天扶一个盲人过马路，所以丽丽是一个_____人，答案一定是个正态度，是一个乐于助人的人；不会是选一个损人不利已的人，例如人家盲人不想过马路，被丽丽老师给硬拉过去了。这种情况是特例，TOEFL中考的都是正常情况。

For example: His big break came with the novel so big (1924), which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature.

Question：The word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___

A) rupture B) revelation C) opportunity D) rest

Analysis: which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告诉我们一定考查的是正态度，所以答案不可能是A）D），所以应该选C）Opportunity 是一种有利的状态或合适的时机。

d)动宾关系判定：

看看宾语能否受动词去支配，或从动词短语搭配去判定

举个中文例子：比如有一个坏人准备选了一个月圆之夜，主楼之巅，自由落体，绝迹人间，走到楼顶，_____下去。A）杀B）侃C）跳D）跑。能和下去搭配的词只有两个一个C）跳D）跑，从前面的提示可以看出，不可能在楼顶跑下去，除非不跳了，但必须是跑回去。

For example: The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world’s pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.

Question: The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__

A) interacting B) sitting C) blowing D) poisoning

Analysis: 首先从搭配关系上可以排除interacting, interact with 然后可以从上下文关系排除blowing over 因为吹走了就是不会有smog。而poison考试中及物才有pollute的含义，不及物只有一种含义表示投毒。

e)形容词修饰名词关系判定：

不是每个形容词都可以修饰所有的名词。例如打饭的队伍不说很粗而要说很长，尽管事实上很多人不排队造成了很粗的感觉。

For example:when the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2),which is a gas with a brownish hue.

Question: The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to

A）color B）odor C）thickness D）smoke

Analysis: 对于本题你会发现有个小词brownish 呈褐色的，首先从形容词修饰名词关系可以直接排除B odor C thickness，其次可以通过a gas with brownish hue前面的gas 排除D smoke，用词重复。所以正确答案是A。