甘肃省西北师范大学附属中学2016-2017学年高二上学期第十六周周练语文试题 Word版含答案

一、现代文阅读（一）（9分）

阅读下面的文字，完成1－3题。

尽管庄子所主张的“道通为一”在一定程度上体现了庄子对普遍、统一、整体的关注，但同时庄子也充分肯定事物存在形态的多样性和独特性，这从他关于“德”的论述即可看出。《庄子》中“德”的含义不同于儒家以仁义为主要内容的品德、德行之德，而是继承了老子关于德的基本规定。一方面指淳朴的自然本性，例如《人间世》说：“且若亦知夫德之所荡而知之所为出乎哉？德荡乎名，知出乎争。”认为如果世人一味追名逐利，争强好胜，便会使真德即淳朴的自然本性遭到破坏而荡然流失。另一方面，《庄子》的“德”是指具体事物的特殊规定性而言，庄子认为一切事物都有其特定的规定，这种规定构成了具体事物之“德”，而此种意义的“德”来源于具有普遍性的“道”。所以庄子很重视德，强调“通于天地者，德也”。人有人之德，物有物之德，是无法相等同的，认为庄子将人等同于物的观点是没有理论依据的。

庄子的齐物不是在客观上抹杀个体的差异性和特殊性，而是“分而齐之”，即首先以事物之“德”作为现实的出发点，充分肯定事物间的差异，即所谓“物固有所然，物固有所可，无物不然，无物不可”（《齐物论》）。即万物各有其本然，各有其值得肯定的方面，没有哪一种事物无本然之态，无值得肯定之处。庄子承认世间纷繁复杂的事物各有其存在的内在根据与合理因素，正视分化的多样的现实世界，然后再通过人的主观视域的转换和境界的提升来实现“齐”，这视域便是“以道观之”。道作为终极依据和普遍法则，不仅在于统摄现象的杂多，赋予其内在的秩序性，还在于作为人的视角和态度发挥作用，即是一种“观法”。站在物的角度，莛与楹，厉与西施，是如此的不同；泰山之大与秋毫之小是如此的显明。但若从道的角度看，把此物和彼物分隔起来的种种不同，都可被打通。在这里，通不意味着等同，而是意味着不执着于不同。“道通为一”不是指道可以在客观上将万物多种多样的存在形态改造为一个模式，而是说当人体悟了道，遥契于道，便会突破“成心”的困扰，沉浸在游于道的逍遥和恬静之中，此时，万物的差别便不会萦怀了。可见，庄子的齐物主张不是认识论意义上的，而是关乎人的生存态度与生命境界。

如此一来，齐物与物物之间便不再构成一对矛盾，二者的关系转变成了手段与目的的关系。庄子之所以强调齐物，是因为物若不齐，欲则不止。若无齐物为前提，是非之争永远不会平息，物欲横流的状况也永远不会休止。人深陷于是非与物欲，惶惶不可终日，心灵便不会轻松，生命便不会充盈。只有齐物，才可以让人从物的世界中超拔出来，做到物物而不物于物。所以，庄子主张齐物的真正用心是淡化人们对物质利益的追逐与贪求，避免世间更多的纷争，使人从被物所累的困顿状态下解脱出来，故齐物是为了物物。

（摘编自陶悦《从“齐物”与“物物”的矛盾化解看庄子哲学的

主体性思想》）

1．下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．“德”在儒家和道家眼中具有不同的内涵，儒家认为的“德”是以仁义为主要内容的品德、德行之德。

B．庄子认为“德”既指淳朴的自然本性，又指具体事物的特殊规定性，老子基本上也是这样看待“德”的。

C．在庄子看来，“名”是“德”的天敌，一个人若一味追名逐利，争强好胜，就会让自己的“德”荡然流失。

D．庄子之所以重视“德”，强调“通于天地者，德也”，是因为他认为“德”无不来源于具有普遍性的“道”。

2．下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是（3分）

A．在《齐物论》中，庄子讲“物固有所然，物固有所可，无物不然，无物不可”，由此可见庄子对事物间差异的肯定。

B．庄子把具体事物的特殊规定性作为现实的出发点，而把道作为终极依据和普遍法则，来统摄万象，发挥“观法”之作用。

C．站在“德”的角度看，物物皆不同，因为万物各有其本然，各有其长处，没有哪一种事物无本然之态，无值得肯定之处。

D．若以“道”来观照世间万物，则会发现以多种多样的存在形态出现的万物其实都是一个模式，万物的差别便不复存在。

3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（3分）

A．有些学者认为庄子的“齐物”就是把人简单等同于物，这种观点一度存在，或许是因为他们只看到庄子重视具体事物的特殊规定性。

B．庄子所谓“道通为一”，实质是一种“观法”，即看待世间万物不执着于对象的的不同，而注意于对象相互之间的联通性和整体性。

C．作者认为，齐物与物物不是矛盾关系，而是手段和目的的关系。只有齐物，才能使人超然物外，做到物物而不物于物。

D．庄子之所以主张齐物，是因为在他看来，物不齐则欲不止，齐物的真正目的在于淡化人们物欲，避免世间纷争，使人免于为物所累。

二、现代文阅读（二）（14分）

阅读下面的文字，完成4～6题。（14分）

磨刀匠

李德霞

正是麦收时节。

麦收如打仗，麦场如战场。为了收割、晾晒有个好天气，庄稼人收麦是要抢天的。手把

镰刀一下地，人人心里憋着劲，麦田里听不到人讲话，只听见镰刀割处的“沙沙”响。只是，忙碌的田间地头，时不时会传来几声吆喝：“磨——镰刀咧。”

将收割的麦子捆扎，一束束运回自家的场上，已是日落时分。

父亲回到院里，刚洗了把脸，院门“吱呀”一声被推开了，一位五十多岁的汉子，酱红了脸，扛个板凳跨进院门。一看便知，这是一位走村串户的磨刀匠。磨刀匠对父亲说：“兄弟，天色晚了，赶不回去，想在你家借个宿，不知方便不方便？”

那时候，走村串户耍手艺的人多，借个宿是常有的事。父亲呵呵一笑说：“有啥不方便的？空屋有的是，只要老哥不嫌弃，只管住。”

磨刀匠把肩上的凳子拣一处墙边放下，跟着父亲就进了大哥在家住的那间屋子。

母亲早已把晚饭端上了桌。父亲就招呼着磨刀匠过来和我们一块儿吃。磨刀匠犹犹豫豫，推让着不肯上炕，父亲恼了，脸一板说：“咋？嫌我家饭菜不可口？”

磨刀匠又红了脸：“哪里，哪里。只怕讨扰了兄弟。”

吃着饭，父亲问磨刀匠：“老哥哪个村的？”

磨刀匠说：“山那边，沟里村的。”

父亲脸上一喜，身子往前探了探，说：“老哥，可认识一个叫柳义的人？”

磨刀匠脸上一愣，停下筷子，笑笑说：“一个村里住着，咋不认识？兄弟也认识柳义？”

父亲摇摇头，咽下一口饭说：“我大儿子在县砖瓦厂上班，处了个对象，叫香香，就是你们沟里村柳义家的闺女。儿子托媒人去提亲了，可香香的父亲柳义不点头，这门亲事就定不下来呀……”

磨刀匠说：“柳义不点头，恐怕是不了解你家情况吧？嫁闺女那可是大事，哪个当爹的都不敢马虎。兄弟你说是不是？”

父亲点点头。

磨刀匠又说：“我回去跟柳义说说，这事应该能成……”

乡村的夜晚静悄悄。下半夜了，父亲突然被隔壁传来的一阵阵呻吟声惊醒。父亲披衣下了地，掌灯进了隔壁屋。摇曳的灯光下，只见磨刀匠蜷缩着身子，一张脸痛苦地扭曲着，额头上沁着汗珠。父亲被吓呆了，手里的油灯端不稳，晃晃悠悠，灯光忽明忽暗起来。父亲惊慌地说：“老哥，怎么啦？”

磨刀匠说：“肚子疼得要命哦……”

父亲放下油灯，伸手摸了摸磨刀匠的手，冰凉冰凉的。父亲扭身出屋，很快就请来村里的金先生。金先生给磨刀匠扎了针，又让母亲熬了一碗红糖水给磨刀匠喝下去。磨刀匠的肚子终于不疼了，一会儿便安静地睡着了。

送走金先生，父亲却不敢回屋睡觉了，就搬了个凳子陪在磨刀匠身边，一直守到天大亮。

早晨，磨刀匠醒来，看见坐在身边打着盹的父亲，眼眶里闪烁起晶莹的光。母亲又特意给磨刀匠做了一碗香喷喷的鸡蛋面。磨刀匠再三推辞不过，就含着眼泪“吸溜吸溜”地吃了

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