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英美文化题目

英美文化题目
英美文化题目

1.How did Britain fall from the Sun rising country to a second

developed country in the world? (E.g. when, why, how, who… )

By 1900, Britain had built up a big empire, “on which the sun never set”. It consisted of a vast number of protectorates, Crown colonies, spheres of influence, and self-governing dominions. It included 25% of the world’s population and area.

a. It began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583

b. early 18th century, settlements were made in North America,

c. the British East India Company 1600 was a case of economic penetration.

d. Captain Cook [New South Wales, 1770, New Zealand]

e. late 18ht, Britain acquired Canada, Australia, New Zealand

f. the Seven Years’War 1756-1763 between Britain and France, Canada was ceded to Britain by the 1763 Treaty of Paris.

g. all the Africa; the French engineers built the Suez Canal

h. China: 1830s British merchants smuggled opium to China from India. 1841, the British troops occupied Hong Kong; opened 5 ports of Xiamen, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Ningpo, Shanghai Britain lost over a million people and considerable disruption of the economy and society.

The Great Depression 1929 –1931, spread from the New York stock Market crash to Britain. One of the most far-reaching consequences of the War was that it hastened the end of Britain’s empire.

2.My understanding of American “Melting Pot”(e.g. its origin,

features, significance…) and “Salad Bowl”.

The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society.

American culture started its formation over 10,000 years ago with the migration of Paleo-Indians from Asia. It has its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. The United States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as a result of large-scale immigration from many different countries throughout its history.

Its chief early European influences came from English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish settlers of colonial America during British rule. Other important influences came from other parts of western Europe, especially Germany, France, and Italy. And original elements also play a strong role. Today, the old "melting pot" metaphor is giving way to new metaphors such as "salad bowl" and "mosaic", mixtures of various ingredients that keep their individual characteristics.Immigrant populations within the United States are not being blended together in one "bowl", but rather they are transforming American Society into a truly multicultural salad.

3. Compare briefly the impacts of the World War 1 and World War 2 on the UK and the USA.

During the World War I, the Britain lost much. Apart from the loss of manpower, there had been considerable disruption of the economy and society. Compared with them, America paid in?the?smallest sacrifice in exchange for?the?biggest national profit, and became?the?most powerful nation because?of?the?right strategy. In?the?economic field, America has become?the?biggest creditor nation and?the?greatest exporting country, what’s more,?the?status?of?dollar rose in currencies all around?the?world.?

Since 1945 the US had entered a twenty-five-year economic boom. The cornerstones were the automobile, housing, and defense industries. In the 25 years after 1945 the American economy grew at an average rate of 3.5 % per year. Of the 3 cornerstones of the postwar economic boom, two were related to the upsurge in births. The first was a construction boom to provide houses and schools for all these children; and the second was automobile manufacturing for the growing new communities. The third was military spending. However, one of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World War on the U.K. was that it hastened the end of Britain’s empire.

英美文化概论论文

英美文化概论论文 In the past few weeks, we spent 10 lessons on essentials of British & American cultures study. In this course, we learn in brief about the history and government system etc. During the Learning process, what impresses me most is the cowboys. An integral part of the story of America, the cowboy is a national icon, a romantic, rugged metaphor for America’s frontier past, Westward expansion and creation myths. Sensationalizedby Hollywood and by real-life bad boys, the heroic, hard-working, hard-riding, free-thinking cowboy is inseparable from American history itself. America’s first cowboys came from Mexico. Beginning in the 1500s, vaqueros—the Spanish term for “cowboy”—were hired by ranchersto drive and tend to livestockbetween Mexico and what is now New Mexico and Texas. During the early 1800s, and leading up to Texas’s independence from Mexico in 1836, the number of English speaking settlers in the area increased. These American settlers took their cues from the vaquero culture, borrowing clothing styles and vocabulary and learning how to drive their cattle in the same way. The vaquero influence persisted throughout the 1800s. Cowboys came from a variety of backgrounds, and included European immigrants, African Americans, Native Americans and Midwestern and Southern settlers. In the nineteenth century, one out of three American cowboys in the south was Mexican. As America built railroads further and further west, fostering industry, transportation and white settlements in former Indian territories, the cowboy played a crucial part in the nation’s expansion. In the early 1800s, Texas cattleman had herded cows via the Shawnee Trail to cattle markets in St. Louis and Kansas City. During the 1860s and following the Civil War, they began herding via the Chisholm and Western Trails towards the new railroads in Kansas, where livestock was then loaded into freight cars and transported to markets around the country. In less than two decades cowboys herded more than six million cows and steers to the railroads. Most cowboys were young—the average age was 24—and hard-working men in need of quick cash, although the pay was low. The work was exhausting and lonely. Cowboys also helped establish towns, spending their money in the “cowtown” settlements across the wes t during their time off. Townspeople frowned oncowboys as lawless troublemakers who brought nothing but violence and immorality, and some even banned them from town. Ranching, or the raising of cattle or other livestock on range land, also expanded during the late nineteenth century. The forced removal of Native Americans and the clearing of the American frontier resulted in the near extinction of the region’s many buffalo and bison. This land, now dominated by white homesteaders, was used for ranching. Public lands on the Great Plains constituted “open range,” where any white settler could buy and raise cattle for grazing. The invention and distribution of barbed wire in the 1870s revolutionized the concept of privately owned land in the Midwest, fencing off homesteads suitable for farming and ranching—but also limiting the work to be done by cowboys. With the rise of private landholdings in the late 1800s, the cattle driving industry had lost its cachet. Private landowners and “free grazers”—vaqueros and cowboys alike—locked horns over what was appropriate use for land whose ownership was also in question. By the 1890s, the wide open ranges and cattle trails were gone and privatized, and the days of the long cattle drives to

英美文化测试题

British and American Culture Exam PRACTICE SECTION 1 1.Which one of the following is NOT a principle of the welfare state? a)The protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens b)Everything is free for British and American government officials c)Equality of opportunity and equitable distribution of wealth d)Public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life 2.Which one of the following is NOT a welfare benefit in Britain and America? a)Job seeker’s Allowance for those looking for work b)Incapacity benefits for those unable to work c)Child benefits for those with many children d)Childless benefits for those without many children 3.Which one of the following is NOT a welfare service for America, but is only for Britain? a)Education b)Healthcare c)Social Services d)Housing 4.Which country’s people pay the most income tax? a)People in Britain pay more income tax than people in America b)People in America pay far more income tax than people in Britain c)Both the people in Britain and America pay the same amount of income tax d)Neither the British or American people pay any income tax 5.What does the acronym ‘NHS’ stand for? a)New Hospital Service b)New Health Service c)National Hospital Service d)National Health Service 6.How is the NHS paid for? a)Taxpayers money b)Donations c)Volunteers d)Insurance 7.Which one of the following statements is true for the American healthcare system? a)Everyone receives the same treatment b)Free at the point of use c)The treatment you get depends on your health insurance d)Funded by the nation 8.Which one of the following statements is true regarding the TV licence? a)The TV licence is a tax for people with TVs in Britain b)The TV licence is a tax for people without TVs in Britain c)The TV licence is a tax for people with TVs in America

周颖健 2012212033 《英美文化》期末论文

昆明理工大学 《英美文化》课程期末论文 (2012级) 论文题目:Science and Society ——The Influence Factors of British Foreign Policy 专业:民商法学 学院:法学院 姓名:周颖健 学号: 2012212033 指导老师:梁庆峰 填写日期: 2013年6月20日

Abstract We often say that foreign policy is a country in dealing with international affairs ,foreign relations and in diplomatic activities should follow the basic principles and action guidelines. Especially in today?s world,the growing trend of economic globalization ,the quick development of science and technology and the increase the transnational activities brings not only opportunities but also challenges for developing nations to rejuvenate their economy. So,as a sovereign state must interact with other countries and international organizations.Through assessment and investigation of reality, countries to make a series of foreign policies and want to achieve maximize the benefits in the international cooperations. Look back at British diplomatic history, we can clearly see the modern Britain's foreign policy has through a process of changes,whether it is actively join international organizations , increase of military force , or gradually changing the Anglo-American “special relationship” to the “natural relationship”,these policies all have their own unique reasons.This paper is based on modern British foreign policy, and then analysis the influence factors . Key words: British foreign policy;change,influence factors

英美文化概况试题5

山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况(110126)试卷(5) 注意事项:所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上,答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分) 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - (共页)

英美文化

一.A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning (告别辞:莫悲伤) Whilst some of their sad friends do say , The breath goes now , and some say, no: (ABAB) Moving of th'earth brings harms and fears, earthquake--caused by God's anger Men reckon what it did and meant, calculate/count up But trepidation of the spheres, trembling (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit Absence, because it doth remove Those things which elemented it. composed physical love (DFDF)

But we by a love, so much refin'd, purified That our selves know not what it is, Inter-assured of the mind, mutually assured Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet, yet not to suffer If they be two, they are two so As stiff twin compasses are two, To move, but doth, if th'other do. (JKJK) And though it in the center sit, fixed foot Yet when the other far doth roam, does move far It leans, and hearkens after it, And grows erect, as that comes home.the foot that draws the circumference (LFLF) Such wilt thou be to me, who must Like th'other foot, obliquely run; And makes me end, where I begun (MNMN) 主题:The poet and his lover is going to separate. The poet would like to comfort his lover that their love is sacred and they will never be inseparable as the soul will never be inseparable from the body so that she shouldn’t show grief to his leaving. 主人公:The poet loves his lover very much. Although they are going to separate, he still knows clearly that no matter where he goes, their souls will always be together and their love will always be pure as well as sacred.

【英美文化】各章节知识点

Outline of chapters After learning this chapter you should learn to Chapter 1 I. terms: culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions: 1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5. 2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning? 3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations? Chapter 2 I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented society II. Questions: 1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality, directness and assertiveness. 2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatement and so on. 3. Different value in American and British daily life. 4. Cultural reasons of cheating. 5. The child-parent relationship in different culture. 6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream. Chapter 3: I. Terms: Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions: 1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation and Japanese-style conversation? 2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication? 3.How should students organize their expository writing in English? 4.What are the unspoken rules for a language? 5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction between Americans? Chapter 4 1.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication. 2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language. 3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues. 4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.

英语专业考研方向

英语专业考研方向 英语专业考研方向 总的来说,目前英语专业方向有以下几种: 1.翻译理论及实践(适合于从事翻译和笔译工作); 2.英语语言文学(从事教师工作和语言研究工作); 3.文学方向(一般包括英国文学和美国文学研究); 4.比较文学(致力于不同文化之间的理解、认识、比较); 5.西方文论(理论性较强); 6.跨文化交际(高级复合型新兴专业); 7.口译方向(比较火,但开设这一专业方向的学校不多,上海外国语大学较热门); 8.英语教学研究(毕业后从事英语教学)。 当然,并不是每一个院校都会开设以上几种专业方向。所以,在报考学校之前,考生除了要考虑自己的理想和兴趣外,还要综合考 虑自己的能力、实力和知识结构,这就需要考生更加关注自己所青 睐的院校,必要时可咨询老师,选择适合自己的学校和方向。 一、如何择校? 二、选什么方向? 英语专业考研总体分为学术硕士和专业硕士两类。学术硕士总体分为翻译理论及实践、英语语言文学、文学、比较文学、西方文论、跨文化交际、口译方向、英语教学研究几个方向。这其中有的培养 口笔译人才,有的`适合教师和语言研究工作,有的致力于英美文学 研究,有的理论性较强,也会存在冷热之分。各个方向报考人数多

少不一,竞争的激烈程度也不尽相同。当然,并不是每一个院校都会以上专业方向兼备。一般各个方向都有自己的招生计划,会根据生源情况适当调整。这便要求考生关注自己计划选择的院校,必要时需要咨询老师,因此,考生除了要考虑自己的志趣和理想外,还要结合自己的学力和知识结构,量体裁衣。英语本专业的专业硕士就是翻译硕士,包括英语笔译和英语口译两个大方向。有的院校会再细化一下。 不论报考学术型硕士还是专业型硕士,只要适合的就是最好的。建议大家结合自身兴趣、优势和发展计划选择好要走的方向,再加上文都教育为您精心编排的课程和制定的周密的复习计划,必定能够事半功倍! 商务英语方向考研分为国际商务交际研究,商务英语语言研究和商务英语教学研究。 国际商务交际研究初试考试科目是: ①101政治理论(含法律硕士) ②212俄语或213法语或214德语或215日语 ③601英语水平考试 ④801英语写作与翻译复试考试科目是:977|综合考试(涉及语言学、英汉互译、写作)978|英美文学(同等学力加试)979|英美概况(同等学力加试) 商务英语语言研究初试考试科目是: ①101政治理论(含法律硕士) ②212俄语或213法语或214德语或215日语 ③601英语水平考试 ④801英语写作与翻译复试考试科目是:977|综合考试(涉及语言学、英汉互译、写作)978|英美文学(同等学力加试)979|英美概况(同等学力加试)

朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解(英国文化 福利国家)【圣才出品】

第10章福利国家 I.Explain each of the following in English: 1.The welfare state 【答案】(1)Britain is a welfare state in the sense that it should ensure,as far as it can, that nobody should be without the means for the minimum necessities of life as the result of unemployment,old age,sickness or over—large families. (2)The system of national insurance pays out benefits to people who are unemployed,or unable to earn because they are old or sick. (3)Free or nearly free medical and dental care is provided for everyone under the National Health Service. (4)Supplementary benefits are provided for people who live below the minimum standard. 2.The retirement pension 【答案】(1)It may be received by any man from the age of65(provided he has made his weekly contributions to the fund if he ceases to work,and by any woman from the age of60. (2)A man who continues to work after the age of65gets no pension at first, but when he is over70he gets a bigger pension. (3)People may receive additional pensions by paying higher contributions while they are working.

英美文化 (英国部分答案)

(判断题) Chapter 1 1. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. (F) 2. The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flows through western England.(T) 3. Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F) 4. In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F) 5. Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below -10℃ in January . (F) 6. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T) 7. The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T) 8. English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F) Chapter 2 1. British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T) 3. The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F) 4. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 5. HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 6. The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 7. The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.(F) 8. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen ElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T) Chapter 3 1. Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the British government.(T) 2. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F) 3. In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F) 4. The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F) 5. The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F) 6. The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T) 7. Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F) 8. The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(T) Chapter 4 1. British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T) 2. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T) 3. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)

英语专业考研方向与就业方向

英语专业考研方向与就业方向(2009-04-30 11:33:37) 标签:杂谈 金融危机下的大学生就业 2008年10月15日,无法抵制全球金融海啸的冲击 中国宏观经济的不确定性也会制约就业。此外,国有企业政策性破产也会加剧就业压力。经济专家预计,中国的下岗或失业人员将大量涌现。 由次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机正在演变成全面的经济危机甚至有可能会导致世界局势危机。所有企业、金融机构、学校甚至我们自己的命运都会不同程度受到这次危机的影响,我们已经习惯的观念、思维、经验、能力、职业追求和生活理想,都可能在这场危机中发生巨大变化。 因此如何认清当前的经济形势和及时做出正确的对策就成为我们大学生必须面对的话题。高校大学生的就业压力在这场经济危机面前显得尤为严峻,那么作为我们大学生而言,我们该如何应对这场潮水般涌来的经济危机?你将如何规划自己的工作?你如何才能找到适合自己的饭碗? 一些新情况值得关注。 一是用人需求向重点大学集中、向研究生集中,一些地方院校的高校毕业生就业难度增大; 二是高校毕业生“重心”下移受阻,由于下岗失业人员、中学毕业生、农民工等的抢占,一些低端岗位被占领; 三是研究生就业率出现下降的趋势;

四是近年来待就业毕业生有增加的趋势; 五是社会的有效需求赶不上高校毕业生的快速增长,以及东部一些中心城市限制人口政策的出台。 这里我有四个字送给大家:“有勇有谋”。“勇”,不是匹夫之勇,而是勇气、信心和信念,“思想决定行为,行为决定习惯,习惯决定性格,性格决定命运”,这说明了信念的重要。大学生毕业之后,初入社会,缺乏经验,容易受挫折,这时坚强的勇气和信念是不可缺少的。“自信人生二百年,会当水击三千里”,一代伟人毛泽东正是少年立志,自信而为,坚持付出,最终实现了自己的理想和抱负。作为我们大学生,也应该相信自己的能力,面对压力,积极应对,抓住机遇,发展自己。 英语专业研究生11大研究方向及就业解析 与其他不少考研热门专业一样,英语专业研究生招生的研究方向设置非常细,不同学校的方向设置类别不一,名称也各异。 比如上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有语言方向、文学方向、教学法方向、翻译学方向、口译学方向、英语国家文化方向、跨文化交际方向7个方向。而同样是外语类专业院校,北京外国语大学该专业设置的研究方向明显不同,广东外语外贸大学该专业设置的8个研究方向更与前两所学校无一相同。 在这种情况下,不少备考英语专业的同学对“如何选择研究方向”这样的问题一头雾水,也就不足为怪了。所以,跨考网的老师为大家就英语专业的研究方向做一个归纳和总结。 就英语专业考研而言,外国语言文学下设置的二级学科很多,包括英语语言文学、俄语语言文学、法语语言文学、德语语言文学、日语语言文学、印度语言文学、阿拉伯语语言文学、欧洲语言文学、亚非语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学11个学科。其中,涉及英语专业的二级学科主要有3个:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学。一般院校的英语专业多设置英语语言文学和外国语言学及应用语言学两个专业,所以,英语专业考研的专业设置其实比较简单,一般就是两大专业。不过,这两个专业被不同学校细化研究方向以后,就变得复杂了。如前面说到的上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业下设有7个方向,这7个方向进一步细分,小的研究方向达37个之多。 英语专业的研究方向虽名目众多,却也并非杂乱无章,其设置仍是遵循一定规律的。粗略分析,这些研究方向可分为传统研究方向和新兴研究方向两大类。 传统研究方向 传统研究方向,顾名思义,指的是设置多年的老牌研究方向,这些研究方向一般学校都有开设。

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