Unit one college 大学

Listening : Listening is a kind of comprehensive competence(综合能力)

How to improve Listening comprehension(如何提高听力)

A. We may improve our aural ability by speaking English in the native and idiomatic way. The pronunciation, intonation and sentence structure should not be in Chinese style. 可以通过讲地道的口语来提高听力.发音,语调和句子结构请不要中国化.既然能说出来,当然能听懂.当然这样作有点难.

B. Keeping a relaxed, natural and steady mood when listening to some materials. Namely, to establish self-confidence and to develop excellent psychological quality are essential in the improvement of aural ability. 在作听力练习时,力求保持放松,自然和稳定的心态.即建立自信心和培养良好的心理素质在听力提高中致关重要.

C. We may make some simple notes while listening, for examples, the names of people and places, time, age, distance, occupation, figures and so on to get a better understanding of the content. 在作听力练习时,我们可以作些简单的笔记,例如人名,地名,时间,年龄,职业,数字等以便更好地理解材料.当然还要以听为主.

D. Catching the drift of the content instead of understanding every word and never waste too much time on single words. 作听力练习要重材料大意, 而不要力求听懂每个词,不要在单个词上浪费太多时间.

E. Pay close attention to CONCESSION and TRANSITION so as to correctly understand the attitudes of the speakers. The following words are most important: even though, even so, in spite of, unless, although, no matter, however, whatever, no, n or, neither…nor, but…. 密切注意听力材料中的让步与转折以便正确把握说话人的态度.特别关注这些词: even though, even so, in spite of, unless, although, no matter, however, whatever, no, nor, neither…nor, but….

F. If we may learn by heart new words by listening some word tapes, the results must be satisfactory. 在背记生词时,如果能听词汇磁带,那么对听力提高也很有好处

插入大学双语录像

听力课视频欣赏大学: Your Experiences at College

Like many other freshmen, I was really excited when I arrived at college. Everything was completely new to me: I lived with new roommates, made new friends, walked on the new campus and enjoyed the new environment The new life was followed by the military training. It was rather a painful and unforgettable memory. Who could make it clear in a word? The purpose was to improve the students? discipline and thei r knowledge. We were standing under the scorching sun and were controlled for a long time. Most of us were nearly exhausted. Personally I thought this was a good chance for the students to know each other, also it made me more reliant and mature.

College life was colorful. I worked extremely hard at my lessons. English was my favorite subject, and my English teacher was beautiful and amiable. I read aloud every morning to practice my oral English. I won the champion of an English speech contest of my college. So you see, hard work paid off. In my spare time, I would climb the mountains or go to the beach. Sometimes we had a picnic together and had a good time there. How time flies! Four years have passed quickly, the college life was vividly engraved on my memory, and the happy days that I spent with my friends often come to my mind. I hope we can meet again some day at the college.

Unit one college

Subject: College Life

Content: In-class reading: Why college

After-class reading:

Learning How to Be Roommates

1.Let the students know something about college and help them adjust to the life and study here quickly.

2.Help the students set their goals in college and fully display their abilities on the campus.

3.Review the basic grammar of “Nouns “.

4.Make the students know how to read a text effectively.

5.Review the basic sentence structures.

6.Help them master the format of Greeting card.

ⅠIntroductory Remarks

Almost all the senior middle school graduates are longing for going to college. You are not an exception. Maybe some of you think college is a paradise where you can pursue your dreams, you are free from your parents? strict control and you can fully develop your abilities according to your own wishes. But is college life really as what you think? Not necessarily. Although college is truly a place for people to pursue advanced knowledge, to obtain higher education, to prepare for future work and future life, college is not a heaven where people can feel relaxed. College, as most people say, is a kind of small society where people may confront many unexpected problems or difficulties. Take study for example, you have to acquire the ability of learning initiatively①. Because teachers in colleges are not shadows of you as your middle school teachers were. Apart from that, you will also get to know a lot of new classmates/schoolmates coming from all over the country and you have to learn how to live with them. Generally speaking, there are 7 to 8 roommates in a dorm and each one has his/her own living habits. Perhaps some of them habits contradict②to yours?. So how to live peacefully and establish a kind of rapport③ with them is very important. In college, you cannot find protections from your parents but have to solve almost all the problems by yourselves. Therefore, how to adapt yourself quickly to college life? This unit will help you get prepared for what you might meet in college and how to dispose【arrange 处理】of these difficulties.

生词：

①initiatively：without anyone else ordering one to do sth, or suggesting that one should do it 主

动地; 自发地; 积极地

②contradict：be contrary to (sth); conflict with 与相反, 或相矛盾

③rapport：~ (with sb/between A and B) sympathetic and harmonious relationship 融洽和谐的

关系

ⅡWarming-up Questions

The first impression of your school

------Honestly speaking, I don't like my university because the schoolyard is too small

and it's not very beautiful. Moreover, the conditions of our dormitory can't satisfy

your needs. Actually it's not as good as that of my high school.

1.What kind of college life they expected before they came to the college?

Key universities 重点大学agriculture university农业大学

Local colleges 地方大学junior college 专科学校

Vocational schools 职业学院institute of technology 理工学院

Teachers? college 师范学院

Medical university 医科大学

------The colleges that attracted me most when I was in senior high school were the local colleges because their entrance requirements are not that high.

------When I was in senior high school, I had the idea to attend a vocational school because it is easy for me to get a job earlier than a college student. It takes two or three years to finish vocational school and the society needs people with skills taught in vocational schools.

------Key universities are fewer than ordinary universities and for those top students. In fact, only a small number

2、Who had ever offered help to you when you needed advice about where to attend college?

------When I needed advice about entering college, I got help from my teachers. The teachers in middle schools are very experienced in finding students? strong points and abilities. They know what the students can do well in their future study. So I asked my teacher what kinds of colleges are suitable for me after the college entrance examination.

------I got help from college students. My neighbor is a college student at a local university in Xi?an. He often told my parents and me about his school and other colleges, so I got many ideas from him.

------My parents helped me a lot in making my decisions about college. They have some friends working at different colleges, so they got a lot of information from their friends and they know which colleges or majors are good.

3、What troubled you in your college decision process?

------When I made my decision about college, I thought over things like my interests and my scores. I want to study something that I have an interest in, or else it is meaningless. I also considered my score before deciding what kind of college I would go to.

------Location of the college is very important for students from poor families. My family does not have enough money for my college study; I have to choose a college not far from my hometown to save expenses.

4、What are the key factors that led to your final major decision?

------The key factor that led to my final major decision is my future job. Everyone knows that we study had to get good jobs and to make our life better. I will take the major as long as what I learn in my major will help me to get a job easier.

------Rather than my interest my parents? expectations are the most important factors leading to my decision about my job. I didn?t know which major I liked in middle school and it seemed I had no spec ial interest in any field, so I have to follow my parents? opinions.

5&6、Ask the students their idea of college life before you came to college. What are the similarities and differences between your expectations and reality?

①Campus—large and beautiful with green grass everywhere, a large sports ground where you can always see students busy and full of vitality [energy or enthusiasm 活力]

Reality --------Not as large as imagine; It is an old campus with little grass and a few trees

②Classroom building----large new classroom buildings with modern equipments

Reality ----- With less modern equipment

③Dormitories----clean, large with bathroom

Reality---- Crowed with little space for everyone

Passage A Why college

Warming up

M any students come to college with the simple purpose of getting a job in future, rather than getting an education in life. For them, the university is not so much a place where they experience the joy of discovery, but simply a means to an end. It really doesn?t matter what one majors in at college. The point is that one has plenty of time to decide what one will do with the rest of his/her life.

When people finish a certain school period or college, they have mastered quite a lot of information, but not as much as they may think they have. So many people come back to college to receive continued education. In this passage, the writer tells us something about the American university. You will find out why Americans go to college and what courses are offered in American universities.

Pronunciation

Correct pronunciation is needed for a speaker to communicate. If our pronunciation is incorrect, we will not be understood. The result will be that Chinese people will think you are speaking in a foreign language and English people will think you are speaking Chinese.

It is more important for us to have a good pronunciation. If we have not a good pronunciation, who can we enable our students to pronounce correctly?

e.g. I need some medicine for my cough.(cough[kof],caw[kau])

He is not a boy who is afraid of hardship and death. ( With or without a pause before "who" is quite different.)

As a means of communication by word of mouth, language is used in oral speech and in reading aloud. Therefore, in order to make oneself easily understood while expressing one's own or other people's thoughts in any language, one must be able to pronounce words and sentences in that language quite correctly.

Listening:

Learning English pronunciation

Learning a new way of listening and speaking

When we learn to speak English, we are learning a new way of listening and speaking. The purpose of this part is to try to make your ears sharper for the sounds of English and the way the sounds are organized; to help you get familiar with pitch movements of English utterances and the message it conveys; and to help you improve your English pronunciation and intonation. When you can hear English properly you will be able to improve your spoken English.

当我们学说英语,我们正在学习一种新的方式来听和说。这部分的目的是试图让你的耳朵对英语发音和有组织的发音更敏锐,以帮助您熟悉音高的运动以及英语发音它所承载的信息,并帮助你改善你的英语发音和语调。当你能正确的听到英语，你也将会能够提高你的英语口语

Basic Concepts: Syllables, Stress & Rhythm

In this unit, we are going to learn some basic concepts in English pronunciation. We are going to learn something about syllables, stress and rhythm in English.

First of all, let?s look at the syllable in English.

Please listen to the following word: driveway.

Now, tell me, how many syllables there are in this word? Right. There are two.

Please listen to the following sentence: Drive him away.

Tell me, how many syllables there are in this sentence? Right. There are four.

Introduction

So. What is a syllable?

A syllable is a word part and the basic unit of English rhythm. English words can have one, two, three or even more syllables. In the word …driveway?, there are two syllables. In the sentence …Drive him away?, there are four.

1. blueprint

2. driveway

3. motorboat

4. textbook

5. beefsteak

6. notebook

7. greenhouse

8. forestfire

9. Football

What is a stressed syllable?

In English words with more than one syllable, one of them will receive more stress than the others. Stressed syllables are those that are marked in the dictionary as stressed. For example, in the word …driveway?, the first syllable is a stressed syllable while the second syllable is not.

Stressed syllables in English are usually longer, louder, and higher in pitch.

Listen to the following example:

ba NAAAA na

Syllable 1 Syllable 2 Syllable 3

(short) (long) (short)

The word "banana" has 3 syllables. Syllable 1 is not stressed and so is short. Syllable 2 is stressed and so is long with a clear vowel sound / :/. Syllable 3 is not stressed and so is also short.

Here is a short summary about the stressed and unstressed syllables:

Stressed syllables are strong syllables. Unstressed syllables are weak syllables.

Stressed syllables:

-are long

-have a pitch change

-have full vowel sounds.

Unstressed syllables:

-are short

-often have a reduced vowel sound.

1. HOSpital

2. HANdicap

3. iMAgine

4. CHAllenge

5. exHAUSted

6. comMITment

7. MAnager

8. eMOtional

9. NEWSpaper

10. COMpanies

Now let?s look at the rhythm in English.

We all know that correct pronunciation of the individual English sounds is important in communication. The way the sounds are organized, however, is often more crucial for understanding. The rhythm of English, for example, is one of the two major organizing structures that native speakers rely on to process speech.

What is rhythm?

Rhythm can be found everywhere in life: the sound of a clock, the beating of the heart, the strokes of a swimmer, and of course in poetry and music. But rhythm in language is less familiar because it is less obvious. The rhythm of a language is characterized by the timing pattern of successive syllables. In some languages, every syllable is given about the same length, while in others, syllables vary in length. In English, strong beats are called stress -- the heart of the rhythmic pattern.

基本概念：音节、重音与节奏

律。

首先，让我们先来看看英语的音节：

单词driveway有两个音节。句子Drive him away有四个音节。

何谓“音节”？

音节是一个言语单位，常常比一个语音长，但比一个单词短。一个英语单词可以有一个、两个三个或更多的音节。就像我们刚看到的单词driveway有两个音节, 句子Drive him away 有四个音节。同时，音节又是英语发音节奏的最基本的单位。

何谓“重读音节”？

如果一个英语单词中拥有两个或两个以上的音节，其中一个音节会比其周围的音节要响亮些。重读音节通常在词典中有所标注。例如，单词driveway的第一个音节就是重读音节，而它的第二个音节就是非重读音节。

英语中的重读音节在发音过程中往往要比非重读音节要长一些，响亮一些，同时音调也稍高一些。例如，“banana”一词有三个音节。第一个音节是非重音，所以发音所需时间比较短。第二个音节是重读，所以元音/ :/发的比较长，清晰响亮。第三个音节同样属非重音，所以发音所需时间也很短。

可见，重读音节与非重读音节分别有以下特征：

重读音节: ⒈声音响亮⒉延续时间较长⒊音调较高

非重读音节: 1.延续时间较短 2.元音发音弱化

英语话语节奏：学会发好每一个英语音素，是学好英语语音的基础，正确的发音在语言交流中非常重要。然而，语音的组合方式对于听者的理解也起着至关重要的作用。英语的话语节奏就是其中之一。

何谓“英语话语节奏”？

节奏在我们的日常生活中无所不在：滴答转动的钟表声，砰砰不停的心脏跳动，游泳的划水节拍，优美诗句和音乐的韵律，这些都是节奏的体现。话语节奏与前面我们所提到的日常生活中显而易见的节奏不同之处在于：语言中的话语节奏不是那么明显与绝对。语言中的节奏特征是由一连串音节的长短来体现的。有一些语言的话语特点是：每一个音节的音长呈大致相同的趋势，这种音节彼此距离大致相等的现象被称为“以音节定时”节奏。汉语的话语节奏就有这样的倾向。例如，当我说：“面包加牛奶”，这里含5个音节，所需的时间暂且定为5个时段。如果我要说：“一片面包加一杯牛奶”，这里含9个音节，所需的时间就是9个时段。英语的话语节奏则显不同的趋势。例如，在“bread and milk”短语中，音节数是三个，其中“bread”与“milk”是重读音节。在“some bread and some milk”这一短语中，音节数是5个，其中重读的也是“bread”与“milk”。虽然这两个短语的音节数不同，但是在话语中，它们所需的时间却是大致相同的，因为它们有一个共同点：重读音节数相同。这种重读音节彼此距离相等的现象就是“以重音定时”节奏。掌握这一英语话语的节奏规律。对于提高我们英语口语的流利程度和自然程度以及英语听力理解快速解码的能力至关重要。

正因为如此，我们将重音与节奏的学习放在中心与突出的位置，从第一单元的概念介绍开始，贯穿整个语音课程学习的始终。

Questions based on the text

?In the title “Why college?” , something is omitted. How do you understand it? And can you make it a full sentence?

?Para. 1

–What phenomenon concerning college education is discussed in the first paragraph?

–Who earns the most?

?Para. 2

–Why do students take courses beyond their major?

–What?s the characteristic of the composition of college students in the USA?

?Para. 4

–What?s the significance of college education in the USA?

三、words and Sentence Study

1.The more you learn, the more you earn. (Line 1，Para. 1)

The more …the more 越……就越…… is used to say that when you do something or something happens, a particular situation will be the result of it.

【翻译练习】

(1)你越早出发就会越早回来。

The earlier you start, the sooner you will be back.

(2)他们谈得越多，就越受鼓舞。

The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.

(3)事实上，他越忙就越感到幸福。

Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.

【短语】earn v. get something (that one deserves because of one?s qualities)

【翻译练习】

（1）He earned the title of “visiting professor” after his hard working in the academic field.

经过在学术领域的辛苦工作，他获得了“最受欢迎的教授”的称号。

（2）The poor old man earned a living by collecting wasted bottles.

这个贫穷的老人靠拾废瓶子生活。

2.【短语】diploma n. an official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study

or passed an examination 毕业证书，及格证书同义词：sheepskin n. 羊皮(革,纸), 毕业证书

例如：High school diploma 高中毕业证

College diploma 大学毕业证

The diploma is very important for him to get the job. 对他来说，要得到那份工作，文凭是很重要的。

3.…about 75% of jobs require some education or … = …about 75% jobs require some education or

technical training that are higher than high school level 译文：……75%的工作要求受过高中以上的教育或技术培训。

【短语】beyond adv.

1）on or to the further side of something 越过、翻过

2）outside the range or limits of something or somebody 超出能力范围

例如：Such tasks are beyond the scope of your average school kid.

The light switch was beyond the child?s reach.

4、【短语】wage n. a daily or weekly received payment of money for labor or services (按时、日、周计算的)工资

wage、salary、pay、income的用法区别

这几个词都和金钱有关，但是又都有各自的用法，其主要区别如下：

wage一般指工人或服务人员等体力劳动者的“工资”、工钱“，通常按时计算，分周发给，如：

Before liberation Grandpa?s wages could hardly support the family.

解放前爷爷的工钱很难维持全家。

salary一般指机关单位官员、职员和管理人员的“薪金”，一般按年计算，分月或半月发给，如：

He accepted，but asked so small a salary that to maintain its own standards the institute had to raise it.

他接受了这一职位，但要求的薪金很低，使研究院工资的水平，不得不加以提高。

At that time Pierre Curie was teaching physics in a technical college at a small salary.

那时皮埃尔·居里正在一所工学院里教物理，薪水很低。

pay可译为“工资”、“薪饷”，既可指wage，也可指salary，但更多的地是指军队的薪饷或津贴，如：

We practice the policy of equal pay for equal work.我们实行同工同酬的政策。

income意为“收入”，通常指一个人收入所得的钱，不仅限于工资，也可指一个国家的收入，如：

She had been saving every cent she could for months，but twenty dollars a week——which was the total of their income.

几个月来，她都尽可能节省每一分钱，可是就算这样，每周也只能进20元，这就是他们全部的收入。

eg: The capital of Guangdong Province raised its minimum monthly-------to 1300 Yuan ,-------was the greatest amount seen among mainland cities.

A income; that

B wage; which

C fee; as

D salary; which

答案：D

5、【短语】earner n. someone who works to earn money

salary earner雇佣工人；受薪人士；薪金调整

income earner [税收] 所得人

例如：Wage earners are those who work for wages or salary 靠工作挣工资的人

6、Those without high school degrees (Line 5, Para. 1)

those with only bachelor?s (Line 6, Para. 1)

【短语】“those with / without + 名词”

with /without...在句中作those的后置定语, 表示那些拥有......的人或有......特色的事物。

表示单数用“that with / without + 名词”

【翻译练习】

（1）On sunny days, a giant building with glass walls will cause more light pollution than those with

concrete walls.

晴天里，带玻璃墙的巨大建筑比混凝土墙的建筑要造成更大的光污染。

（2）The family with two or more children is bound to suffer more financial burden than that with a single child.

有两个或两个以上孩子的家庭一定会比独生子女的家庭有更沉重的经济负担。

7、【短语】degree 1）a title given by a university or a course of study at a university or college 学

例如：a law degree/ a degree course/ a degree in Economics

take (ie be awarded) a degree in law/a law degree 获得法律学位

the degree of Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士学位.

2）a point for measuring or comparing qualities, feelings, abilities, etc. 程度

例如：The children have different degrees of ability.

8、【短语】bachelor (a) unmarried man 未婚男子; 单身汉:

He remained a bachelor all his life. 他终生未娶.

（b）person who holds a first university degree 学士学位

Bachelor of Arts/Science 文[理]学士

9、【短语】outearn v.(Line 7-9-14-16, Para. 1)

【前缀】“out-” This is a compound word in which the prefix这个复合词的前缀“out-” 意思是

means “going beyond” 和“being better than”。outearn意思就是“earn more than”挣得比...多。

Other words with the same prefix:同义词有

outweigh (weigh heavier than)比…更重；比…更重要

outlive (live longer than)比...长命, 比...耐久

outnumber (the number is more than)数目超过, 比...多

10、the highest incomes of all are earned by people with advanced academic degrees.= People who have higher degrees such as master?s degree (MA) and doctor?s degree (PhD) have earned the highest amount of money. 译为：工资高者是那些具有高级学术学位的人。

Income= payment for goods and services, or from rents 收入，收益

11、【短语】advanced 1) using the most modern ideas, equipment, and methods 现代的

advanced weapon systems

advanced technology

2）studying or dealing with a school subject at difficult level 高级的

advanced learners of English

advanced physics

advanced age/years

used to talk about the age of someone who is old 高龄

Despite his advanced age, he often travelled abroad.

12、Many skilled blue-collar workers，salespeople, and business executives outearn college professors and

scientists. 许多蓝领工人，销售员，和商业精英比大学教授和科学家挣得多。

【短语】Blue-collar works =those who work with tools and machines 蓝领阶层，工人

【短语】Executives= a person making and carrying out decisions in business 商业行政官，执行者

【短语】professor = university teacher of the highest grade who holds a chair in a subject（大学）教授（的头衔）

【翻译练习】

1）He is Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. 他是牛津大学伦理学教授.

2）She was made professor at the age of 40. 她40岁就当了教授.

3）Professor Smith, may I introduce one of my students to you? 史密斯教授, 请让我介绍一下我的

一个学生.

13、【短语】athlete= person who trains to compete in physical exercises and sports, especial running and

jumping运动员

Most first-class footballers are natural athletes. 多数一流的足球运动员都是天生的健将.

14、But college education is not only preparation for a career, it is also (or should be) preparation for life. (Line

17，Para. 2)

Not only … but also 连接两个相对称的并列成分，如主语、谓语动词、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、状语、定语、从句、句子等。

Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语）

I not only play tennis but also practice shooting. （连接两个谓语动词）

He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （连接两个宾语）

They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （连接两个地点状语）

【翻译练习】：

（1）He was not only a successful writer but the greatest poet of his time.

他不仅是一位成功的作家，而且是他那个时代最伟大的诗人。

（2）Not only the mother but the children are also sick.

不仅母亲，孩子们也都病了。

【练习题1】请做下面的选择题：

Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it.

– A. had he made B. he had made

– C. did he make D. he makes

【答案】C。

【解释】not onl y … but also 连接两个分句，并且not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。

【练习题2】判断下面句子的正误：

（1）They don't fear not only hardship but also death.

【解释】not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。

（2）Not only the students but also the teacher were against the plan .

【解释】not only … but als o 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。（3）They fear neither hardship nor death.（T ）

（4）Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. （T）

（5）Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.（T ）

【短语】career = a job or profes sion for which one is trained and intends to follow for one?s whole life 职业生涯，事业

profession，vocation，occupation，trade，career，work, job表示职业的词语辨析

Profession(an occupation requiring special education, especially in the liberal arts or sciences)所指的职业是需要在文科或理科方面有一定的教育程度，具备一定理论水平的人才的职业。通常指脑力劳动。例如：the teaching profession(教书的职业)，the profession of journalism(新闻业)。

以前profession专指三种职业：法律、医药、神学，称作the learned professions(学者的职业)。

而随着技术的发展和职业的细化(occupational specialization)，渐渐越来越多的职业可以划归到“profession”中，如：engineers(工程师)，educationalists(教育家)，accountants(会计)。现在profession覆盖的范围更大了。有趣的是人们普遍认为prostitution(卖淫)是人类最古老的职业(the oldest profession)。

vocation(the particular occupation for which you are trained)是指经过训练后从事的职业，需要一定职业技能。vocational education(职业教育)，vocational school(职业学校)。

occupation(the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money)指生活中为了赚钱而从事的主要活动。它最具泛指性，因此在英文简历中“职业”通常都用occupation。我们可以说By occupation she is a housewife.(她的职业就是做家务。)而occupational disease则是职业病。trade(the skilled practice of a practical occupation)更侧重技巧、手艺而非高深的学问、理论等。如：carpenter(木匠)，barber(理发师)等。我们说“三十六行”这里的“行”就是trade。

career(long-term or lifelong job)指长期的，甚至终身从事的职业。a career soldier(职业军人)，a career politician(职业政客)。

work它是泛指一切长期从事的职业，不管专业、技巧，不管是否需要学问等等。“What's your work?”(你做什么工作?)是最常见的问别人工作的一句话。

Job(a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specitic fee)常指一件具体工作。You have done a good job．(你做的很好。)暑期工就可以是a summer job。His job is to sell newspapers.(他的活就是卖报纸。)

美国人比较喜欢用job表示职业或职位，如：what kind of job do you have?(你从事什么职业呀?)

15、in addition to courses in their major field of study, most students have time to take elective course.(Line 18,

Para. 2) 除了他们的主修学科以外，大多数的学生有时间上选修课。

【短语】in addition to

意思是besides; as well as “除了、还有”

in addition to整个词组相当于一个介词，所以to的后面要接名词性结构。

【翻译练习】

（1）In addition to teaching students book knowledge, I also try my best to teach them learning

strategies.

除了教授学生课本知识外，我也尽力教给他们学习的策略。

（2）In addition to regular meetings, students were required to complete two assignments and a final

project.

要求学生们除了平时上课以外，还得完成两次作业和一项期末合作研究任务。

（3）除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。

In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.

（4）除了英语以外，他还必须学习第二外语。

In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.

【短语】Major = 1）specialize in a certain subject (at college or university) 主修（大专院校的）科目例如：She majored in maths and physics (at university). 她（在大学）主修数学和物理.

2）very large or important when compared to other things or people of a similar kind重要的，主要的例如：There are two major political parties in the US.

【短语】Elective courses = the courses that are not required for every student, but for students who have interests in 选修课

16、But recently high school graduates no longer dominate college campuses. = But recently high school

graduates are no longer the largest population of college students.译文：但是最近毕业的高中生已经不再独占大学校园

【短语】Dominate = have the most important place or position占支配地位：在…中占首要、支配地位

例如：The Japanese women?s team has dominated the international volleyball students.

【翻译练习】

（1）This criticism usually dominates over the newspaper.

这种批评常在报纸上占显著地位。

（2）A great man can dominate others by force of character.

伟人能以人格的力量支配他人。

（3）日本女排曾经称霸国际排球界数年。

The Japanese women?s team has dominated the international volleyball for years.

（4）过去，男性主宰家庭中的重大决定。

In the past, men dominated the big decisions in a family.

【短语】campus = the grounds of a university, college or school 校园

17、Today, it is quite common for adults of all ages to come back to college for personal growth. = Nowadays,

it?s not surprising in the US to see that adult s of different age groups come back to college for continued education.(Line 22，Para. 3)

【句型】“It is (quite) common for sb. to do sth.”可以译为“对于......来说，......是十分普遍的”

【翻译练习】

（1）Even now, it is quite common for three or four generations to live under one roof in China．

即使在现在，三四代人住在一个屋檐下在中国也相当普遍。

（2）In America, it is quite common for several friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurant.

在美国，几个朋友在饭店吃饭各自付账相当普遍。

（3）学生们在准备考试时感到紧张不安是十分普遍的。

It is quite common for students to become nervous when they need to prepare for their exams.

【短语】Common = 1) existing in large numbers or happening often in many places 普通的，通常的例如：Heart disease is one of the common causes of death.

2) belonging to or shared by everyone in societies 共同的，共有的

例如：These problems are common to all societies.

【短语】Age = one of the periods of a person?s life 年龄段例如：A person of 40 has reached middle age.

Under age/ over age = a particular age of life at which a person is either too young or too old to do

例如：You can?t drive car, you are still under age.

【短语】Of all ages = of all age groups 所有的年龄段

【短语】adult = a person who is fully grown, developed 成年人

18、This is proved by the rising number of Americans who have at least a bachelor?s degree. = This is shown by

the fact th at more and more Americans have at least a bachelor?s degree.译文：拥有学士以上学位的美国人越来越多就足以证明这一点。

【短语】Prove = 1) show the truth, quality by providing facts, information, ect. 证明某物属实例如：It is impossible to prove that God exists.

2) show how good you are at something by trying hard to do it well 表明自己的言论

例如：When I started the job, I felt I had to prove myself.

19、【短语】Percentage = rate, number or amount in each hundred 百分比; 百分率

The salesmen get a percentage on everything they sell. 这些推销员可从推销的商品上获得一定百分比的佣金.

20、College education is not regarded as a privilege for the wealthy or the academically talented. = Not only the

rich and the academically bright are entitled to go to college, but all the people are. 译文：在美国，上大学并不被认为是有钱人活血术天才的特权。

【短语】regard…as… (Line 28, Para. 4)= be believed or thought as“把...看作”的含义,

意义相近的短语还有look on...as...；think of ...as...

regard as后除接名词外，还可接形容词，分词及介词短语等。

【翻译练习】

（1）I regard him as stupid.

我认为他很蠢。

（2）We can't regard the matter as settled.

我们不认为事情已经解决。

（3）He regarded it as of little use.他觉得这没什么用。

（4）你不能把他看作朋友，他只是个生意合伙人。

You can't regard him as a friend, he is only a business partner.

（5）自由女神像一直被认为是美国的象征。

The Statue of Liberty has long been regarded as the symbol of America.

（6）人们普遍认为她是这个国家最好的作家。

She is generally regarded as the best writer in the country.

【短语】privilege = a special right or advantage limited to one person or a few people of a particular kind 特权

【短语】talent 1) special natural ability or skills 例如：She has a talent for drawing.

2) People who have talent

例如：There was a lack of local talent, so the drama group hired an actor from London.

talented having or showing talent; gifted有才能的a talented musician 天才的音乐家.

四、课文评定

“The better college you attend, and the better major you take, the better future life you will have”. Do you believe it?

market for instance. A student, who graduated from key university like Qinghua University or Beijing University, will have more job opportunities than a student from an ordinary local university. And students who major in hot fields like flash design and economics will find it easier to be hired.

Generally speaking, students who graduated from good universities and majored in promising fields have more advantages. The companies and firms show more interest in them. But some top students from ordinary universities can get good jobs, too, because of their abilities and good school records.

Comprehension of the Text

1、By quoting “The more you learn, the more you can”, the author means that in American society, it is

generally believed that if you have a higher degree or advanced diploma, you will earn more money.

Generally speaking, those with advanced academic degrees have the highest incomes because of their

professional knowledge and degrees. But it is not always the case. Many skilled blue-collar workers,

salespeople, and business executives outearn college professors and scientists, and great athletes and actors outearn everyone else because of their jobs.

2、The lowest wage earners in the USA are those without high school degrees; college graduates outearn those

with only bachelor?s; and the highest incomes of all are earned by people with advanced academic degre es.

3、Both high school graduates and adults of all ages can come to college. About half of all the American college

students are older than 25, and 20% of them are over 35.

Chinese college students are mostly high school graduates. They are around 17~24 years old. There are some adult students over 30 on campus to study for advanced degrees.

Amplification

Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain any supplying necessary words to make his/her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of the language to be translated into. In fact, it is precisely for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”. This is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background. Therefore, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and shorthand words, etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to people abroad. In this case, it is unimaginable for a translator to stick to the original pattern without alternation and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions.

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1.V alentine’s Day probably....ever since. (BCADA) 1.to trace back 2.they would’t concentrate 3.Refused to obey 4.496 AD 5.to show our 2.Having raised eight children....can provide. (BABCD) 1. How to show 2.may by a famous 3.he had a 4.material wealth does 5.to give them 3.In the 1990s...of their class (CABCD) 1.The devaluation 2.prove the trend 3.reducing in 4.people can’t 5.The Devaluation 4.We received your letter....such trip (BABCC) 1.To express the difficulties 2.they advertise 3.we can’t afford 4.may not 5.the sales agent 5.In the future....says Leon (BABDA) 1.people with the 2.they may lose money 3.Scientists want 4.To illustrate 5.What’s Best 6.Criticism has been....own games (BDDCA) 1.Parents of 2.Because they have seen 3.To promise 4.Fewer referees would 5.Abusing. 7.Only about 15....of obesity (ADCDA) 1.people do not 2.He is one 3.Stretching at work 4.Extreme fatness 5.Ten minutes to 8.Y ou may recall....J.J.Budd (BBCAD) 1.a company 2.he wants new 3.Raj Rammanvihal works 4.familiar with 5.a formal letter 9.Fifteen-year-old...learn now (DAABC) 1.kept so that 2.they fail to 3.A list of the result 4.academic achievement 5. a teacher in 10.Most Americans will....and responsible? (ADDCD) 1.Positive 2.admission 3.helps students both 4.To ensure that 5.School that offer 11.A study issued...shared responsibility (BCDBA) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fa3231956.html,mitment to 2.enter school 3.60--80% 4.making young people 5.Social environment 12.When i was four....be impossible (CDCCB) 1.kept him away 2.attended classes 3.be different 4.to give a 5.knowledge from outside 13Bin Ben is one of....a guide (CBACD) 1.a light 2.Coins a 3.the old 4.1924 5.Undamaged 14.John Colter was....mud holes (DADBC) 1.Y ellowstone Park 2.Moran and 3.for more 4.was once not 5.The History 15.One day Walt ....the future” (CCBCB) 1.Building a 2.improved the 3.Its spot 4.Fantasyland 5.Disneyland 16.At sixteen Ron....the book (DACBC) 1.Ron was 2.he wanted 3.The job 4.four 5.he knew 17.When faced with.....international scale (BBCBB) 1.A good death means 2.Never say 3.Tube feeding 4.to adapt 5.Death is 18.On Mother’s Day....of dying (AACAD) 1.she wanted 2.to do something 3.Mom had 4.not busy 5.as the tablecloth 19.While caring for.... Their lives. (CDBBD) 1.Women provide 2.volunteer assistance 3.tain family 4.people who 5.to talk to 20.On the morning ....our grief. (CBADB) 1.someone bombed 2.angels in 3.There was 4.He was elbowed 5. We should 21.With so many scientists...the study (BCADD) 1.The possible 2.the former 3.focusing on 4.are the 5.Freed and Lin’s stress 22.Engineering design aims....so important. (BABCD) 1.Some factors 2.pulled down 3.Building ..reconstructed 4.effect of 5.rivers and

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Unit1 Another School Year — What For Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would not read: Qualified Pill-Grinding Technician. It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education.

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程1课文翻译

为自己而写 从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这—一想法才有了实现的可能。在这之前，我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作，老师读着受累，我写着痛苦。 弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时，我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。据说他拘谨刻板，完全落后于时代。我看他有六七十岁了，古板之极。他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜，微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐，梳得纹丝不乱。他身穿古板的套装，白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。他救着古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，说起话来—·本正经，字斟句酌，彬彬有礼，活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。 我作好准备，打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—·年，不少日子过去了，还真率出所料。后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸，出了不少题供我们选择。像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有，但绝大多数—样乏味。我把作文题带回家，——直没写，直到要交作业的前一天晚上。我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。… 这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来，当时，我们大家——起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过，在座的大人也是经验不足，没有—个吃起来得心应手的。艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中，我回想起来，当晚我们笑作—团，争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。 突然我就想描述那…切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想白得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一个时刻。我想重温那个夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那样去写，就会违反我在学校里学的正式作文的种种法则弗利格尔先生也肯定会打它—个不及格。没关系。等我为自己写好了之后，我可以再为弗利格尔先生写点什么别的东西。 等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写——篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章了。第二天上午，我别无选择，只好把我为自己而写的贝尔维尔晚餐的故事交了上去。两天后弗利格尔先生发还批改过的作文，他把别人的都发了，·就是没有我的。我正准备着遵命—放学就去弗利格尔先生那儿挨训，却看见他从桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子让大家注意听。 “好了，孩子们，”他说。“我要给你们念一篇小品文。文章的题目是：吃意大利细面条的艺术。” 于是他开始念了。是我写的!他给全班大声念我写的文章。更不可思议的是，全班同学都在听着他念，而且听得很专心。有人笑出声来，接着全班都笑了，不是轻蔑嘲弄，而是乐乎乎地开怀大笑。就连弗利格尔先生也停顿了两三次，好抑制他那丝拘谨的微笑。我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十——年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一个今生想做的事。这是我整个求学生涯中最幸福的——刻。弗利格尔先生念完后说道：“瞧，孩子们，这就是小品文，懂了没有。这才是一知道吗——这才是小品文的精髓，知道了没有。祝贺你，贝克先生。”他这番话使我沉浸 在十全十美的幸福之中

新版新目标大学英语综合教程1综合训练选择题答案

A love marriage, however, does not necessarily result in much sharing of interests and responsibilities. A magnificent monument has been erected in Tian An Men Square in honor of the people ' s heroes. A racing car is an extraordinary feat of engineering. Accumulated en ergy un der the earth must be released in one form or ano ther, for example, an earthquake. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to un dersta nd this point and her explanation only added to his confusion. Ano ther team of scie ntists has come up with con flict ing evide nee. Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus could fall off the edge of the earth. But the other factor that we shouldn ' t forget is thealriek off U.S. immigration policy. Compared with wester ners, the Orie ntals use less butter. They prefer the very healthful pea nut oil. Con trary to popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. Corin thia n colu mn is the most highly decorated of the five classical types. Do not toss the salad until you are ready to serve. Dr. Jones emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet. During the process, great care has to be taken to protect the delicate silk from damage. Eati ng too much fat can con tribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. Every one in the party can see Ed and Roger are competi ng for Alice ' s atte nti on. Figures showed customer complaints had soared to record levels and profits were falling. Having decided to rent a flat, we set about con tact ing all the accommodati on age ncies in the city. He admits that more work needs to be done to validate the strategy, and ensure that it ' s safe. He is a mathematical genius . He is optimistic about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. He might let someth ing slip in a mome nt of weak ness. He told the magaz ine in an exclusive in terview: "enas miepn&bim drink. ” He was jealous of no body ' s achieveme nts. he wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won prestige and a scholarship. His retail bus in ess in the city expa nded rapidly betwee n the wars. I caught a glimpse of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. I chose to work abroad to improve my career prospect . I felt I couldn ' t cope with the situation and wacfeeisperate need of some reassuranee. I hate people who reveal the end of a film th at you haven ' t seen before. I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. I think it ' s tiimeeIsted in a new computer. I want to buy a new tie to go with this brow n suit. I will defer to Mr. Walters on this point I wish I could put the clock back and relive my schooldays; I regret not having tried harder and passed mere exams. If you hear such a rumor, in vestigate it thoroughly. If you say anything to Jane, she ' csilikeey tovith a bitter remark. In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. In the wife ' s eyes,commitment to their marriage life is far from perfect. Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute. It did not take the police long time to bring out the truth. it is our consistent policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means It is predicted that heavy rains are threate ning to flood the area in a few days. It soon developed that what she loved was not my person but my wealth.