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非谓语动词

一、不定式

1、不同形式

主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be done

进行式to be doing

完成式to have done to have been done

完成进行式to have been doing

2、特点：

①还可以带其他的成分，如宾语、状语等。

to read a book to walk slowly.（不定式短语）

②可以有自己的逻辑主语，通常由for引出，表示不定式的动作发出者

for me to learn English, for Tom to clean the classroom. （不定式的复合结构）

③前可加疑问词，从而构成特殊的不定式短语：

who\what\which\when\where\how\how\why等。

To travel abroad, we often meet the problem of what to take and how to take it.

Here’s the advice from how to deal with your kid s’ bad friend.

④否定结构是在其前面加上not

not to read, not to watch TV.

3、作主语

①To do+谓语

其后的动词常用单数。

To finish that work in one hour is not so easy.

To discuss this question with such a silly man is really senseless.

②在许多情况下，经常把作主语的不定式短语放在句子的末尾，而在原来的位置上

用it代替，从而保持句子的平衡。

It’s difficult to determine what is the best or ideal climate for human being.

③动词不定式常常有自己的逻辑主语

A. it+（be）+for+代词/名词+不定式

形容词一般表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible, important等。

It is very important for all of us to learn English.

Sometimes, it is often difficult for Westerns and Chinese to know what to call each other.

B. it+（be）+of+代词/名词+不定式

形容词一般表示性格、品质、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, careful, polite, naughty, wise…

It’s unwise of you to go up to her with such a silly question.

It's very nice of you to help me.

※用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：

用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个

句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。

4、作表语

①不定式作表语主要表示将要完成的动作

Our goal is to make poetry a part of daily life again.

The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.

②注意与“be+不定式”表将来的区别：后者的主语是不定式动作的发出者，而前

者中的主语不是。

They are to carry out their plan.

The hospital is to be opened next month.

5、作宾语

①动词+不定式：不定式可以跟在某些动词的后面作宾语

The venerable institution of marriage continues to be popular in the west.

②有些动词常常跟上一个带疑问词，常用的词：

Advise, decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, show, teach, tell, think, understand, wonder（纳闷）。

We don’t know what to say.

He didn’t tell me how to handle this machine.

No one told me where to put these boxes.

③动词+it+其它成分+不定式。

当不定式作宾语时，如果后面还需要跟上其他成分，则经常用it代替不定式短语，而把不定式短语放在后面，让it作形式宾语，而后面的不定式才是真正的宾语。

We found it impossible to turn down the proposal.

The manager made it a rule to speak English in the company.

6、作补语

①动词+宾语+不定式：有些动词后面可以先带名词作宾语，再跟不定式，可称之为

宾语补足语。

He advised me to plant some trees around the house.

The teacher asked Mary to repeat the question in polite way.

※A. 句中不定式动作发出者是前面的宾语。

B. feel, have, hear, help, let, make, notice, see, watch之后的不定式补语不带to。

What make you think I like a dance?

Did you see a boy play football in front of the building?

②宾语提前，作被动句的主语，此时不定式成为主语补足语。

They expected the boy to come earlier the next day.

The boy was expected to come earlier the next day.

※当feel, have, hear, help, make, notice, see, watch等使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，后面的不定式要保留to（let除外，let句式通常不用被动语态）

7、作状语

①表示目的

To test his idea, they recruited 276 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 55.

②表示原因：

The students were wild with joy to hear of your success.

She burst into tears to hear the news.

③表示结果：

He went to the small island only to do nothing.

The old man came back from abroad to find that his hometown had greatly changed.

8、作定语

①不定式用来修饰名词，一般放在被修饰名词的后面作定语，然而不定式与被修饰名词之间：

A. 不定式与被修饰的名词是主谓关系，此时名词就是不定式的逻辑主语

Applicants to be a civil marriage celebrant are interviewed by their local registrar.

B. 不定式与被修饰名词是动宾关系，此时名词就是不定式的动作对象

Every week I have a lot of meeting to attend.

He seemed to have a lot of things to tell you.

C. 不定式与被修饰名词是同位关系，与名词表示同一事物

I think it is a good chance to go to Tibet.

I have a wish to study in Qinghua University.

②被修饰名词+不定式+介词（不定式是不及物动词时）

I need a room to live in.

You’d better find a big box to put all these things in.

※place除外。

※不带to的不定式

①感官动词

②使役动词make，bid，let

③help和know

A. help后可带可不带

B. 当have known和knew作“看过”、“听过”解时，其后跟不定式须省略to。

I have never known that man smile.

④不定式作补语有时可以省略to。

All I want to do was hide.

※共同特点：主语带有一个从句，而且从句中都含有一个实义动词do，在这种情况下，作主语补语的不定式实际上是动词do的引申，即表明“做”的内容。这时可以带to，但为了表示强调而把主语放在句首时，就不能带to。

Go back is the only thing for it.

Swim in the river is the sport I like to do.

⑤在come，go，run这三个表示运动的动词后面，不带to的不定式可用于祈使句作状语，表目的：

Go bring me my hat.

Run get the ball for me.

※在动词原形go之后，不是祈使句也可用不带to的不定式作状语：

You can go tell him about it.

You had better go see a doctor that cat.

⑥have后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时，to可以省略的三种情况：

A. 当have和will、would一起用于肯定句时，其含义为要、希望、喜欢：

I will have you know that.

What would you have me do?

B. 用于否定句，表示允许、容忍等：

I won’t have you say such things.

C. have表示经历、体验：

I had a most extraordinary thing happen to me.

It’s lovely to have people smile at you in the street.

Have作使役动词时，to也省略

Please have the porter carry these boxes up to my room.

二、动词-ing结构

主动态被动态

一般形式writing being written

完成式having written having been written

否定式：not writing not having written

1、作主语

通常表示一种抽象的概念，即泛指某种行为和动作。而不定式作主语多指具体一次性的动作

Reading novels is an enjoyment.

To read the novel is my assignment.

2、作主语补语

也是泛指的意义比较强，不定式作主语补语多指具体的一次性的动作。

What I thought most was going to China.

What I am told to do is to go to China at once.

※在结构形式上要与主语一致。

Laying down arms is giving up the revolutionary cause.

To lay down arms is to give up the revolutionary cause.

3、作宾语。

可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。

He suggests planting trees around the house.

Some women object to taking their husbands’ names at all and prefer just to keep their own.

4、作宾补

可在see，hear，notice，watch，keep，find，get，have，feel等词后面作宾语补足语，补充说明前面的宾语。

I don’t see the boy playing on the square.

Have you ever heard him singing this song?

5、作状语

①可以单独做状语

He ran out of the room shouting.

She sat smiling.

Generally speaking, the pianist was a success.

②往往相当于一个状语从句

A. 相当于“as\since\because+主语+动词”的原因状语从句，指出随后发生的动作：

Knowing that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey he took large supplies with him.

=As he knew…

Fearing that the police would recognize him he never went out in daylight.

=As he feared…

B. 同一个主语同时发出两个动作时，其中一个动作可以用动词-ing表示，或放于句首，

或置于句末

They rode away whistling. =They rode away. They whistled as they went.

C. 同一个主语完成的两个动作，一个紧跟着另一个发生，则第一个动作可用动词-ing表

示，而且必须位于句首：

Opening the drawer she took out a revolver.

=She opened the drawer and took out a revolver.

D. 当第二个动作为第一个动作的一部分或结果时，则第二个动作用动词-ing形式。

He went out, slamming the door.

I felt, striking my head against the door and cutting it.

6、作定语

①起名词作用和起形容词作用的动词-ing形式均可置于名词前单独作定语，前者表示修

饰词的用途，后者表示人或物的主动的行为。

a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

working method = method for working

running water = water that is running

Here are your running shoes.

I love the sight of running water.

②作后置定语相当于一个定语从句

People wishing to visit the caves…

= People who wish to visit the caves…

A. 往往表示正在进行的或经常性动作或现在现在（当时）的状态。

Come tomorrow and give the letter to the man sitting (=who will be sitting) at the desk.

Tell the boys playing (=who are playing) there not to make so much noise.

We lived in a house facing (that faced) the south.

B. 有时作定语的动词-ing短语用逗号隔开，相当于一个非限定定语从句。

The tower block, costing ＄5 million to build (=which costs ＄5 million to build), has been empty for 5 years.

7、动词ing形式的复合结构

在动词ing前加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性或用名词普通格代替名词所有格。

I really can’t understand you treating her like that.

The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

※只能由ing结构作宾语的动词：

Admit, anticipate, avoid, consider, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy(imagine), finish, forgive, involve, keep(continue), loathe, mind(object), miss, pardon, postpone, prevent, recollect, resent, resist, risk, save, stop, understand等。

短语：can’t stand(=endure), can’t help, it’s no use/good之后，也可用于形容词worth 之后.

※即可跟动词-ing结构，又可跟不定式作它们的宾语的动词：

Love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford…

要注意的地方：

①在attempt和intend后面用不定式更普遍些

②在advise, recommend, allow, permit后面若有关人被提及则用不定式，否则用动词

-ing形式。

He advised me to apply at once.

He advised applying at once.

③在it needs /requires/ wants之后即可跟-ing形式，又可跟被动态的不定式，但前者

更普遍些。

The grass wants cutting. =The grass wants to be cut.

④有些动词后面加不定式或-ing形式，其意义截然不同，主要有remember, forget, try,

stop, go on等。

※其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，否则便会造成理解上的错误。

Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

→As I was waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

※动词-ing形式所表示的动作如果和谓语动词同时发生，前面可以加上when，while 等词。

When going home, I met John.

While waiting for the train, he had a long walk with Jim.

三、动词-ed分词

常用来作前置定语，通常含有被动的意义，而相应的-ing形式则有主动含义。

如果过去分词短语作定语，则要后置

Boiled water开水

Boiling water沸腾的水

大多数作名词修饰语的都是及物动词。还有少数不及物动词的-ed分词也能作名词修饰语，这种-ed分词没有被动含义，但有完成意义，反之，相对应的动词-ing作定语则有未完成之意。

Falling leaves落叶 a retired teacher退休教师

A falling tide落潮 a retiring teacher即将退休的教师

作宾补

Everybody thought the battle lost.

We found her greatly changed.

作状语

可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义，想当于一个状语从句

原因

Greatly surprised, he couldn’t say a word.

Scolded by the teacher, the girl felt unfair.

时间、地点

When completed, the canal will connect the river with the lake.

The graduates say they will go wherever needed.

条件

Given more time, I would have done much better.

让步

Even if invited, I wouldn’t go.

伴随

He stared at me, astonished.

英语非谓语动词对比辨析100题

英语非谓语动词对比辨析100题 1. (1)__from the top of a hill, our house looks like as a car. (2) ____the dog came over, our friend ran away. (3) ________ from the top of a hill, and you’ll find the city more beautiful. d) ________ more clearly, they came up and got close to it. A. Seeing B. To see C. Seen D. See 2. (1)Disneyland is well worth______________. (2)Disneyland is worthy of______________. (3)Disneyland is worthy to______________. A. be visited B. visiting C. visit D. being visited 3. (1)Tom said to the doctor, ”I don’t want_____” (2)Tom said to the doctor,” I don’t want you_____ me.” (3)Tom said to the doctor,” The machine wants_________. A. examining B. to examine C. to be examined D. examined 4. (1)I’ll have my brother________ my radio tomorrow. (2)I’ll have my radio __________tomorrow. (3)Tomorrow the radio needs___________. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair 5. (1)We were watching TV when we heard the door___________. (2)We were watching TV when we heard someone ___________ at the door. (3)We noticed him_________ the door just now. A. knocked B. knocking C. knock D. to knock 6.(1)After a rest, we went on____ the same problem. (2)After a rest, we went on______the next problem. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 7. (1)The old lady needs__________ after. (2)The old lady needs__________ after her grandson. A. looking B. looked C. look D. to look 8. (1)I’m sorry I can’t make myself__________. (2)I’m sorry I can’t make you__________ me. A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. understand 9.(1)I’ve never heard a word of Italian_______. (2)I’ve never heard you________ a word of Italian. A. speaking B. speak C. spoken D. to speak 10.(1)These young men asked the government_______ them to work in Xinjiang. (2)These young men asked_______ to work in Xinjiang. A. sending B. to send C. to be sent D. send 11.(1)The organizer expected the meeting___next week. (2)The organizer expected__the meeting next week. A. to hold B. to be held C. hold D. held 12.(1)He went to a party without________. (2)He went to a party alone without_____________ anyone else. A. inviting B. invited C. being invited D. invite 13. (1) _____ by Hank, we entered the dining room. (2) ____ Hank, we entered the dining room. (3) _____________ Hank, and we entered the dining room.

(完整word版)非谓语动词思维导图

式主语eg:It is right to give up smoking. ②作表语 eg:The important thing is to save lives. ③作宾语 eg:He want to go. ④作宾语补足语feel.hear.listen to.make.lrt.have.see.look at.watch.notice.observe 2下列动词课用于“动词do+believe.consider.count.declare. deny.feel.find.guess.imagine. judge.know,prove.realize. suppose.think 3do https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f53673050.html,mand.dare.determine.direct.disc over.drive.enable.expect.encourage.f https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f53673050.html,rm.invite.oblige.or der.permit.persuade.prepare.recomm enf.remide.request.require.send.teac h.urge.want.warm.wish.4 hope.demand.suggest 动词不定式作宾语补足语⑤作定语 eg Tee farmer thought of ways to protect their crops. ⑥作状语 1作目的状语 2作结果状语3作条件状语 4⑦作独立成分eg:To tell the truth, I don't agree wih you. whos,which,when,how,what ①不定时的一般式 1 eg:I saw him go out.2eg:I plan to attend the meeting ②不定式的进行时式的动作正在进行。 eg:He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.2

非谓语动词网络图

中考非谓语动词语法网络结构图一、非谓语动词的概说在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。

二、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别（补充书上知识） 1. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作

like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作（类似的还有love, hate） 2. begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ 2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。 3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。 4)物作主语时 It began to melt. 3. 感官动词+ doing/to do 感官动词see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）典型例题 1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。 2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。如： give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to me teach him a lesson 间接“him”，直接“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him 宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。还是用回刚才的例子： give me the book to return it to the library 补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。 teach him a lesson to shut him up中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。

专题五非谓语动词(全国卷)

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