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从句

从句
从句

从句

从句(Subordinate Clause)是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom,when,why,where。how,which等引导词(Connective)引导的非主句部分。

1连接词

①从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.

例句:

He told that he would go to the college next year.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

②连接代词

连接代词主要有

who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.

连接代词例句:

Do you know who has won Red Alert game.

I don’t know whom you should depend on.

The book will show you what the best CEOs know.

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

③连接副词

连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.

例句:

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel.

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

2主语从句

Do you know what he likes?

宾语从句五要素

1:语序

宾语从句必须用陈述语序。

False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.

Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

2:反义疑问句;

在think/believe/suppose/guess/imagine/expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,可以转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致。(注:否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称)

I don't think you are right,are you?

I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they?

3:连接词

带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有:that(可省略),what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.

1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。

【注】that常在以下情况下不能省略

当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;

4:时态

1.主句是一般现在时,从句时态不变。

He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.

They know (that) he is working hard.

2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态。

He answered that he was listening to me.

3.主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时(“主将从现”)

4. 当从句所叙述的事实为一个定理或客观存在时,无论主句是什么时态,从句均用一般现在时。但与人有关的均不是定理。

He told me that he was a boy.

Father told me that practice makes perfect.

5:特殊类有时候可以用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。

I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours

He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.

it的宾语从句1,动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

例句:

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.

He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行.

We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.

When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.

2,若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.

我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.

3,用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that 引导的宾语从句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.

4同位语

与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句。其关联词多为that。

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:

I. I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

2. I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:

3. I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

例句:

7,The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.

8.In 1906, however,Pierre,who was crossing a road,was run over and killed. (who… ≈ when he…)

9.Dr. Bethune,who was very tired on his arrival,set to work at once. (who was… ≈ though he was)

10.We know that a cat,whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes,can see clearly in the night. (whose eyes… ≈ because its eyes…)

9定语从句

用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名(代)词之后,这种名(代)词就叫作先行词(Antecedent)。

例句:

1 The dog that/which was lost has been found.(失踪的狗已经找到了。)

2 Those who/that are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting.

3 There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.

4 The days when we had to rely on wool,cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed.

5 Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low.

6 This is the reason why he refused to help us.

7 He was born in 1976,when an earthquake struck the country.

8 They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people,which enraged all of us.

注意:1当引导定语从句的先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,very first等词,或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all,anything,nothing,something,everything时,从句的引导词只能用that.

The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.

These are the very points that puzzle me.(真正困扰我的是这些观点。)

Is there anything that bothers you?(有什么事烦着你吗?)

This is the best film that was ever produced by the company.

注意:2 as 可做引导词引导定语从句,多和such,the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子,既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.

例句:

Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(你描述的那一类人现在很少了。)

The boy was run over by a motor-car,as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.

As is often the case,the girl forgot to bring her dictionary. We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.(我们是反对这种毫无事实根据的想法的。)

注意:3 介词+which/whom/whose从句

The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.

Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other. Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book,of which none of us had ever heard. 注意:4 代/名+介词+which 从句

1 He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.

2 In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials,all of which can be turned into useful things under certain condition.

3 To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions,each of which has only one correct answer.

注意:5难句:

1. He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.

2. He is the only one of those boys who/that is willing to take on another assignment.

3. I shall never forget the day when we first met.

4. I remember the morning when he first came to school.

4. I shall never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.

5. The room where he lived is kept in good repair.

6. Alva found a place in the cellar where he uses as his first laboratory.

7. The way in which/that you answered the questions was admirable.

10状语从句

用作状语的从句叫作状语从句,其关联词是一些从属连词。修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词,通常由从属连词引导,按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较状语从句等

时间状语从句

1) 常见连词有after,as,before,once,since,till,(not)until,when,whenever(no matter when),while,as long as,as soon as…

例句:

As you look at yourself in a mirror,you’ll seen an identical image of yourself.

It is a long time before it is possible to test the medicine on human patients.

It was not until…that

Not until…did he…

Not until I received the letter,did I know he had gone to America.

It was not until….

When I got to the airport,I suddenly remembered that I had left the ticket behind.

I was about to leave,when something occurred which attracted my attention.

Whenever we have difficulty,he’ll come to help us.

2) no sooner…than,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when: 刚做…就….

No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang.

She had scarcely news when she fainted.

3) 还有immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,the second,every time etc

I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.

I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.

地点状语从句

一般用where or wherever 引导

I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.

Wherever they went,they were warmly welcome.

条件状语从句

真实条件从句:if,unless,so long as,provided that,supposing that,on condition that,in the event that,in case that etc

I will not go to her party if she doesn’t invite me.

I will not go to her party unless she invites me.

原因状语从句

从属连词有because,as,since,for,now,that,in that,seeing that,considering that(鉴于,由于)

As the school regulations are written quite clearly,there is nothing more to be explained.

Considering that the sweater was hard made,it was not expensive.

Seeing that they are inexperienced,they are doing quite a good job.

让步状语从句

引导词分类:

1): even if,though,even though,while(尽管) no matter

what/how/which,however,whatever,whichever,however etc.

He will not give up smoking even though the doctor advises him to.

Whatever the consequence may be,I will be on your side.

However hard she tried to explain,nobody trusted her.

It has been the same result,whichever way you do it.

2) 由as 引起的让步从句,语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.

Simple as the question may seem,it is not at all common in nature.

Cold as it is,the children play outdoors.

Much as I respect him,I can’t agree with him.

Object as you may,I will go on with my plan.

3) whether…or,不管…或…

whether you be a student or a teacher,you are required to obey the regulations of the school.

结果状语从句

引导词:so that,so…that,such…that

He is so humorous that we’ll never forget him.

She is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her.

目的状语从句

引导词:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest,in case

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.

Telephone us in advance in order that we might make the necessary arragements.

方式状语从句

引导词:as,(just) as…so…,as if,as though。

1)as,(just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如:

Always do to the others as you would be done by.

你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish,so air is to man.

我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2)as if,as though

两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如:

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)

说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.

他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。

比较状语从句

1) as…as,not so/as…as

the film was not so exciting as we expected.这部电影没有我们期待的一样精彩

The history of nursing is as old as the history of man.

She likes them almost as much as Paul does.

2)比较级+than,so much/a lot more than

She looks much younger than she is.

The universe is a lot more complicated than you think.

3) no more…than,not more…than,less…than

Jack is not more frightened than Mike is.杰克不像马克那么害怕

Tom is no more rich than Black

3) the more…the more

The farther north you go,the severer the winter is.

The more I see of him,the less I like him.

定语从句练习题100道及答案

1. This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.

A. by which

B. by that

C. whose

D. where

2. —Have you ever been to Rome?

—No, but that's the city________.

A. where I most like to visit

B. I'd most like to visit

C. which I like to visit most

D. where I'd like most to visit

3. Is this the museum you visited the other day?

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. the one

4. This is the very film I've long wished to see.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom

5. There is no difficulty can't be overcome in the world.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. what

6. Who is the person is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

A. who

B. that

C. which

D. whom

7. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.

A. that

B. if

C. in order that

D. as

8. This is the last time I shall come here to help you.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. what

9. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble,

was very kind of them.

A. who

B. that

C. which

D. whom

10.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

11. That's the hotel last year.

A. which we stayed

B. at that we stayed

C. Where we stayed at

D. where we stayed

12. The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.

A. what he could

B. he could

C. everything which he could

D. for which he could do

13. Anyone this opinion may speak out.

A .that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against

14. The place you are standing used to be an old church.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

15. You've made the same mistake you made last time.

A. as

B. like

C. which

D. that

16. It is not such an interesting magazine I thought.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D./

17. you know, he is a famous musician.

A. As

B. which

C. That

D./

18. Mr Zhou, native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.

A. whose

B. his

C. which

D. that

19. I took my friend to the Summer Palace, we had some photos taken.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D./

20. Do you remember the day your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?

A. which

B. on which

C. about which

D./

21. The bus, was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. which of most

B. most of which

C. which of the most

D. most of that

22. We all remember the days we studied together at school.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D./

23. Do you know the reason he didn't come?

A. that

B. which

C. for

D. why

24. He is the only one of the three got the new idea.

A. who have

B. whom have

C. who has

D. whose had

25. I'm one of the students well in English in my class.

A. who does

B. who do

C. which does

D. who did

26.- Have you read the books?

- Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. who

27. This is the very place ___ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. there

28. He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called “Beibei”.

A. that

B. about which

C. of which

D. which

29. The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.

A. all of them; which

B. none of whom; which

C. both of whom; which

D. neither of whom; that

30. The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us. A. whom B. who C. which D. /

31. The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.

A. who

B. which

C. when

D. that

32. We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.

A. where

B. which

C. in which

D. at which

33. They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather. A. who B.

that C. which D. whose

34. After graduation he asked to be sent to the place ______

A. where he is most needed

B. where he need

C. where he is mostly needed

D. where is he mostly needed.

35. The doctor ______ she sent her friend is very famous.

A. to whom

B. to whose

C. whom

D. at whom

36. Lily would never forget the evening ______ she lost the ring.

A. which

B. when

C. at which

D. where

37. They talked for about an hour of things and persons ______ they remembered in the school.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom

38. It was in the lab ______ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _____they did the experiment .

A. where; that

B. which; where

C. that; where

D. which; that

39. I don’t like ___ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

40. He was hiding behind the door ______ he could see what was happening.

A. which

B. from where

C. from which

D. where

41. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

42. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.

A. where

B. which

C. when

D. that

43. There are two buildings, _____ stands nearly a hundred feet high .

A. the larger

B. the larger of them

C. the larger one that

D. the larger of which

2000-2006 高考真题定语从句集

44.—Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else _____ , is there? (2005北京)

A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to

turn D.for her to turn

45. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.(2005安徽)

A.what; when B.that; which C.what; which D.which; that

46. —Is that the small town you often refer to?

—Right, just the one _____ you know I used to work for years. (2005福建)

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

47. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东)

A. in which

B. by which

C. which

D. that

48. Her sister has become a lawyer, _________ she wanted to be. (2005湖北)

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. which

49. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands(05湖南)

A. that

B. in which

C. by which

D. how

50. The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (2005江苏) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which

51. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _____ they are being trained. (2005江西)A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which

52. I walked in our garden, _____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (05辽宁)

A.which B.when C.where D.that

53. I have many friends , ________ some are businessmen .(2005全国卷I)

A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom

54. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge. (2005山东)

A. from which

B. after that

C. after which

D. from this

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f84928988.html,st month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____ effects people are still suffering. (2005天津)A. that B. whose C. those D. what

56. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (2005浙江)

A.which B.that C.this D.it

57. ______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2005浙江)

A.When B.After C.As D.Since

58. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,

_______ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union. (2005重庆)

A. during which time

B. for which time

C. during whose time

D. by that time

59.If a shop has chairs_______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.(2005上海) A. that B.

which C. when D. where

60. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________we visited three months ago? (2005北京春季)

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. what

61. The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ______ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.(2005上海春季) A. them B. those C. which D. whose

62. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.

(2004全国) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

63. ___ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

(2004北京)A. It B. As C. That D. What

64. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.(2004广西) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which

65. I work in a business _____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004湖南)

A. how

B. which

C. where

D. that

66. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. (2004吉林)

A. where

B. which

C. when

D. that

67. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , _______ , of course , made the others envy him.(2004天津) A. who B. that C. what D. which

68._______is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (2004江苏)

A. Which

B. When

C. What

D. As

69.Anyway, that evening , _____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.(2004浙江)A. when B. where C. what D. which

70. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004上海)A. when B. where C. what D. that

71. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% __________ are sold abroad.(2004辽宁)A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that

72. There was ______ time _______ I hated to go to school. (2004湖北)

A.a; that B.a; when C.the; that D.the; when

73. There are two buildings, ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high . (2004湖北)

A.the larger B.the larger of them C.the larger one

that D.the larger of which

74. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it . (2004湖北)

A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which

75. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _________ they can talk frequently.(2004上海)A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

76. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (2004北京)

A. the real name

B. what his real name

C. his real name

D. whose real name

77. York, ______ last year, is a nice old city. (2003北京)

A. that I visited

B. which I visited

C. where I visited

D. in which I visited

78. I can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay. (2003上海) A. why B. which C. as D. where

高中英语状语从句讲解汇总

高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2,A3中所示各种类型外,这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥(参见A);用because引导结果/原因从句较为稳妥(参见B)。 A 原因从句 1 由as/because/since 引导的原因从句: We camped there as/because/since it was too dark to go on. 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑,不能再继续往前走了。 As/Because/Since it was too dark to go on,we camped there. [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走,我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as/since/seeing that来表示,但不能用because: As/Since/Seeing that you are here,you may as well give me a hand. 既然你在这儿,你就帮我个忙吧。 As/Since/Seeing that Tom knows French,he’d better do the talking. 既然汤姆懂法语,最好让他来谈。 3 在as/since/seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时,可用if来代替: ~ As/Since/Seeing that/If you don’t like Bill,why did you invite him 既然/如果你不喜欢比尔,你为什么邀请了他 注意:if so的用法: —I hope Bill won’t come. —If so(=If you hope he won’t come),why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样(=如果你希望他不来),你为什么邀请了他 关于if+so/not,参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导: The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit. 保险丝烧断了,因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late. 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day. 因为那天晚上冷得厉害,所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards. 因为这汤很咸,后来我们渴得厉害。

2019英语四级语法精讲:原因状语从句

2019英语四级语法精讲:原因状语从句 原因状语从句 连接词:because,since,as,for,now that,in that,owing to,due to,thanks to,because of,as a result of; 比较:because,since,as和for 1)because语势,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。 I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则能够用for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能 用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. now that :既然; in that :因为,通常只能放在句中,强调重要的,的的原因; eg:Now that this semester is finished, I am going to rest a few days and take a trip. Human beings are different from animals in that human can speak and think. owing to, due to, thanks to, because of , as a result of等短 语后面只能接词或短语,不能接从句。

原因状语从句的用法

原因状语从句的用法 原因状语从句表原因,以下逐一介绍高考中常见的原因状语从句的引导词: 1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后, because表示直接原因,语气最强,最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。例如: I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是 因为我喜欢。 注意:“not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句,有时也否定主句例如: The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。I 2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。例如: Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息,你最好帮我补习数学。 注意: seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近,都表示“既然”。例如: Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们,我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。// Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了,就不应该依靠你的父母了。// Considering (that) everyb ody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了,我们就开始讨论吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因为有病,他觉得做不了那件 事。注意: 1. considering 和 given 还可用介词。如: Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说,这小孩读得 挺好的。 Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。 2. 表示“因为”的连词不能与表示“所以”的 so 连用。如: 译:因为他病了,所以没有出席会议。 误:Because he was ill, so he didn’t attend the meeting. 正:He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 正:He was ill so he didn’t attend the meeting 3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。例如:As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨,你最好乘出租汽车。// As you are tired, you had better rest.

原因状语从句

在复合句中,由从句表示的状语叫做状语从句。它可以用来修饰主语中的动词.形容词.副词等。根据它表达的意思,状语从句可以分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句和让步状语从句等。由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。在英文中,条件是指某一件事情实现之后(状语从句中的动作),其它事情(主句中的动作)才能发生,通常译作“假如”。(注意:在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,表示将来时态,主句是一般将来时态,从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则]) [编辑本段] 条件状语从句的有关知识 语法引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如: If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如: If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。 那么,除了if之外,是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢?回答是肯定的,不仅有,还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小,且用法较复杂一些,所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。下面就这些词的用法以例句的形式进行一下简单总结。 1、unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。 2、on condition(that)...在……条件下,如果on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。 You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。 3、supposing conj.如果,假如supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。 Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?

语法讲解 时间状语从句的用法解析及练习

语法讲解时间状语从句的用法解析及练习 状语从句在复合句中作状语,其位置较灵活,可以在主句之前、之后或中间(放在句首时状语从句后面常用逗号,放在句末时状语从句前面往往不用逗号)。根据状语从句的含义,状语从句主要分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等八种。掌握以上各种状语从句的关键在于把握其相应的引导词。以下是对时间状语从句的基本用法进行小结,希望可以帮助到同学们有一更深的理解。 时间状语从句的引导词 when, before, after, as, while, till/until, since,whenever 时间状语从句的用法 时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同,要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系,以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。 1. when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析: (1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。 注意体会如下例句:I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。// When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹,这门就吱嘎作响。// He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了,其实他可能下一次就成功。// When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。 如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be动词时,那么从句中的主语和be可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如:When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。// When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候,我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。 (2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行,用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词,例如:Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习,该玩的时候就玩。// I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。 (3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时,一边……一边……”,侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作),或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如:He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。// I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。// I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。// As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。

原因状语从句-练习题及答案

原因状语从句练习题: 一、填入恰当的连词 1. I didn’t go to school yesterday _________ I was ill. 2. ________ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 3. ________ you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 4. I asked her to stay to tea, ________ I had something to tell her. 5. ________ all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once? 6. Bill won’t make any progress ________ he doesn’t study harder than before. 7. He might have gone to bed, ________ the light went out. 二、改写句子,保持句意不变 1) The ship changed its course because there was a storm. The ship changed its course _______ _______ _______ _______. 2) Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. He was ill, _______ he didn’t go to school. 3) He couldn't walk because his leg was broken. He couldn't walk ______ ______ his ______ leg. 4) I came back because it was raining heavily. I came back ______ ______ the ______ rain. 练习答案: 一、1.because 2.Since 3.As 4.because 5.Since 6.because 7.for

高中英语从句综合讲解

【宾语从句】 在英语中,有简单句(只含一个谓语动词)、并列句(用连词连接,含不止一个谓语动词)和复合句(含从句)。本节课我们复习复合句里面的宾语从句 ....。 如:She knows that he will come back soon. I’m afraid that I can’t go to your party. 1.宾语从句的【引导词】 宾语从句的引导词分三种。 ●(1) 如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that.(that在口语中常省略) 主句:He says... 从句:He is tired of playing computer games. → He says that he is tired of playing computer games. ●(2) 如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether,表示“是否”。 主句:I don’t know… 从句:Does Tom likes fish? → I don’t know if / whether Tom likes fish. 【注意】① whether引导的从句常与or not连用,而if不能; ②宾语从句可简化为whether to do的搭配,而没有if to do这种搭配. 如:Could you tell me whether I should finish my homework today or not? Could you tell me whether to finish my homework today? 【拓展】if有两个意思: 1. 表示“是否”,引导的是宾语从句。动词的时态视情况而定。 2. 表示“如果”,引导的是条件状语从句,时态用一般现在时表示将来(遵循“主将从现”规则)。 经典例题:--Do you know if Tom ____________(go) hiking with us ? --I’m not sure. But i f he ____________(go), I will take many photos with him . ●(3) 如果从句是特殊疑问句,直接用该疑问词来引导。 主句:Do you know… 从句:what does he want to buy? → Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗? 2. 宾语从句的【时态】 ■(1) 当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态 如:She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来? ■(2) 当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去的某时态 如:He said that she was singing. 他说她正在唱歌。 She wanted to know if I had finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了作业。 Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来? 【注意】格言和客观真理总是用一般现在时。 如:She told me yesterday (that) the earth travels around the sun.

状语从句讲解及习题附答案

(一)状语从句概述 定义状语从句用作状语,是起副词作用的句子。 位置状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用 逗号和主句隔开。 分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。 作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。 (二)状语从句详解 1. 时间状语从句 引导词用法示例 when 意为“当…的时候”。When 引导从句的谓语动词可以 是延续性动词,也可以是 瞬间动词。并且when有 时表示“就在那时”A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者讲真话时也没有人相信。When he arrives, I’ll call you. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes. while 意为“在…的时候,在…的 同时”。While引导从句的 谓语动词必须是延续性While I was standing at the window, I saw several boys running along the street.

的,发生时间较长,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。While 有时还可以表示对比。While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. as 意为“一边…一边…”。As 引导的动作是延续性的, 发生时间较短,一般用于 主句和从句动作同时发 生;as也可以强调一前一 后。The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because someone had invaded his “space”. He smiled as he stood up. after 意为“在…之后”。表示主句 动作发生在从句动作之 后。主句与从句的动作时 间关系与before引导的从 句相反。With many hungry visitors waiting, don’t stay too long at your table after you have finished. If an early exit is necessary, you can leave after a scene is over. before 意为“在…之前”。引导的从 句不用否定形式的谓语, 并且当before引导的从句 位于主句之后,有时译成 “就,才”。当主句用将来时,You can’t watch TV before you finish your homework. Before it ended, the theatre was almost empty. My father had left for Canada

对原因状语从句几个连词的区分

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