The Effects of Heat-Setting on the Properties of Polyester or Viscose Blended Yarns
n Introduction
Moisture in the atmosphere has a great impact on the physical properties of tex-tile yarns and fibres. Relative humidity and temperature decides the amount of moisture in textile materials. Exposing yarn to high moisture during produc-tion generally yields negative results, as well as being undesirable for technical processing. On the other hand, a high degree of moisture adequatelly exposed to yarn improves its physical proper-ties and enables the standard humidty of yarn to be reached. Yarns with lower moisture content than the standard value result in monetary loss in sale. Therefore, conditioning and heat-set is to provide an economical device for supplying the necessary moisture in a short time [1].
Each step in the manufacturing proc-ess, such as twisting, spinning, weaving, knitting etc., causes tension in fiber and yarns. Yarns tend to snarl in order to re-lax themselves and get rid of this tension. Tension and snarling are likely to lead to problems in the following manufactur-ing processes [2]. The purposes of con-ditioning and heat-setting (twist-setting) are to relax yarns, to prevent them from snarling, to enable them to be worked efficiently in the following processes and to fix yarn-twisting. Today, besides con-ventional system, other systems which can eliminate the downsides of the con-ventional systems and operate under
vacuum with saturated steam are used
in conditioning and heat-setting. With
the aid of steaming in these systems,
yarns are conditioned or heat-set with
saturated steam under vacuum [3].
The Heat-setting process, a treatment
with steam under vacuum, improves
efficiency and quality in weaving and
knitting plants by reducing yarn ten-
sion, softening yarns, moisturising them
homogenously, eliminating electrostatic
effects and reducing fly and dust [4].
Unset yarns squeeze bobbins during
dyeing with a pressure from the out-
side section towards the inside section,
as a consequence of which bobbins get
deformed. The higher the temperature
of heat setting is the less the bobbins get
deformed [5]. Improper heat setting is
considered to be a factor which increases
skewness in weaving, a situation in
which warp and weft yarns cannot be tied
together with a right angle, although they
are straight [6], and it increases diagonal
run in knitwear [7].
Since saturated steam used in heat-set-
ting provides man- made fiber with good
thermal conductivity, steaming processes
under vacuum make it possible for bob-
bins to shrink homogenously in every
section. The yarns of such a bobbin are
dyed homogenously without causing
stripe effects or colour differences be-
tween the inner and outer sections of the
bobbin [5].
The blend consisting of PES and viscose
is used widely in the textile industry.
This type of blend benefits from the high
strength of PET fiber and from the natu-
ral qualities, brightness and comfortable
wearing property of viskose fiber. In ad-
dition, viscose fiber has a high elasticity
when compared with cotton fibres. When
used together with PES fibers, viscose
fiber gives a more hormonious blend as
regards elongation at break [8].
Since the tenacity of the wet cotton yarn
is higher than that of dry ones, cotton
yarns have a higher tenacity under high
moisture [9]. Studies concerning heat-
setting are limited in literature and nearly
all of these studies are related to cotton
because of its positive reactions against
moisture. For this reason, the current
study which has been performed on the
heat-setting of yarns consisting of PES/
viscose is expected to make a contribu-
tion to textile literature.
n Experimantal
In this study, 30 tex and 20 tex carded
yarns consisting of 67% PES and 33%
viscose were used - the linear density and
staple length of PES fibres were 1,6 dtex
and 38 mm respectively, and the linear
density and staple length of viscose fibres
were 1.7 dtex and 39 mm, respectively.
Yarns were wound onto bobbins with
a Schlafhorst Autoconer 238 machine.
These yarns were subjected to heat-set-
ting under 630 mmHg pressure and at
temperatures of 90 °C and 110 °C with
a machine working in compliance with
the direct vacuum steaming system of
the Welker Company. The cycles below
were followed:
n Pre-heating : 45 °C
n Vacuum : 630 mmHg
n Heating : 90 °C (10 min),
110 °C (20 min)
n Vacuum balance : 500 mmHg The Effects of Heat-Setting
on the Properties of Polyester/Viscose Blended Yarns
S?bel Sardag,
Ozcan Ozdem?r,
*Isma?l Kara
Department of Textile Engineering,
Uludag University,
G?rükle, Bursa 16059, Turkey E-mail: sibels@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fa8091522.html,.tr
*Can Textile, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey Abstract
30 tex and 20 tex yarn bobbins consisting of 67% PES - 33% viscose were subjected to heat-setting at 90 °C & 110 °C, and under a pressure of 630 mmHg in order to investigate the effects of heat-setting conditions on the properties of twisted yarns. Both heat-set and unset yarns were dyed. The tensile strength properties (tenacity and elongation at break) of each yarns were measured before heat-setting, after heat-setting and after dyeing. The inner, middle and outer sections of the yarn bobbins were measured with a spectrophotometer to find differences in color. As a result, heat-setting and dyeing processes were found to be effective in the tenacity and elasticity of yarns.
Key words:heat setting, twist setting, twisting, temperature, polyester (PES), viscose, tenacity, work of rupture.
Yarn bobbins were dyed in a Mini-HT laboratory-type bobbin dyeing machine produced by Dilmenler Machinary In-dustry. The dyeing process was carried out according to the conventional two-step dyeing method. PES fibres were first dyed with disperse dyes at 130 °C, and they were then subjected to reductive clearing at 75 °C. In the second step, vis-cose fibres in the blend were dyed with reactive dyes at 80 °C, and then after-treatments (washings) for reactive dye-ing were performed. Finally, the bobbins were dried on a radio frequency drier.
Yarn count, twist and tenacity measure-ments of the yarns were taken before and after heat-setting and after dyeing. Before the measurements were taken, all the yarns were kept under standard con-ditions. (at 20 °C ± 2 °C and 65% ± 2% relative humidity) Yarn count measure-ments were carried out in compliance with ISO 2060. Yarn twist measurements were taken in accordance with ISO 2061 on a James H.Heal twisting meter. Te-nacity measurement of all the yarns was performed in accordance with ISO 2062 on Uster Tensorapid 3.
A spectrophotometer was used to find out whether inner, middle and outer sections of the bobbins had any differ-ences in colour. Measurement was made with an observational angle of 10° and with D65 illuminant, using the CMC 2:1 equation [10]. To investigate the effects of heat-setting and dyeing properties on the yarn tenacity and elongation at break, t tests were performed at 5% (0.05) and 10% (0.1) level of significance .
n Results and discussion
The effects of heat-setting at 90 °C and 110 °C, and of the following dyeing proc-ess on the tenacity and elasticity proper-ties of 20 tex and 30 tex yarns are given in Table 1.As can be seen in Figure 1, the heat-set
process brought about a considerable
improvement in the tenacity of yarn. The
rate of increase varied between 15% and
19.9%, depending on the yarn count and
temperature of the process (Table 1). The
tenacity of yarns, subjected to heat-set
showed a decrease of 4.4 – 11.3% after
the dyeing process; however, their yarn
tenacity was still higher than the tenacity
of unset yarns.
In textile material science, a classic and
fundamental problem is the connec-
tion between the tensile properties of
fibers and yarns. A yarn is a complex
system made by a fibrous structure, i.e.,
a bundle consisting of a given number of
single fibers; this bundle, after twisting,
becomes a yarn. [11] The improvments
observed in the tenacity of PES/viscose
yarns after heat-setting can be an attrib-
uted to the effects of this thermal process
on PES fibers, which constituted 67%
of the blend. The physical and chemical
properties of fibers such as dye absorp-
tion, strength etc. are close related to the
structure of non-crystalline sections. Due
to the temperature of the heat-setting
applied, the rate of crystalline sections,
the average distance between crystalline
centers and the number of bonds between
macromolecules in fibres increased, as a
consequence of which the degree of ori-
entation in fibres increased, causing an
improvement in the yarn tenacity [12].
The slight decrease in the yarn tenacity
after the dyeing process was something
expected. This fall arose from the fact
that especially viscose fibers and partly
PES fibres get slightly damaged dur-
ing reductive washing with NaOH. The
t-tests we performed show that heat- sett-
ing and dyeing process affect the tenacity
of yarns.
The effects of heat-setting at 90 °C and
110 °C and of dyeing on the elongation
% of yarn are given in Figure 2 .
The heat-setting processes increased
the values of yarn elongation within the
range of 5.4% and 8.7%. Since cellulose
macromoleculles, which form regener-
ated cellulose fibres, are short, the att-
raction between these macromollekules
was not very strong. Therefore, when a
force parallel to the fiber axis was app-
lied to the regenerated cellulose fibers,
bonds between the macromollecules
weakened, causing the fibers to break.
Breakages of wet regenerated fibres took
place more easily because of the swell-
ing and sliding effects of water [12, 13].
Consequently, the elongation values of
the wet regenerated cellulose fibers were
noticeably higher than those of dry ones.
Generally, the tenacity values decreased,
but elongation values (%) increased,
while these fibres were wet [9 - 13]. The
increase observed after the application of
heat-setting in the elongation (%) values
of the yarn fell a little after the dyeing
process. However, the elongation values
(%) obtained after the dyeing process are
still higher than those of the unset yarns.
The heat-setting process improved both
the tenacity and elongation (%) of these
yarns. The t tests performed indicate that
heat-setting and dyeing processes aff-
ected the elongation (%) of the yarns.
After heat-setting, the work of rupture
values of the yarns increase by 12 -15%,
and, as a result of this, these yarns were
expected to show a higher performance
in the following process. These values
Table 1. Changes in yarn tensile strength properties after heat-setting and dyeing process.
Parameters
Yarn properties
After heat-setting
(Changes as %)
After dyeing
(Changes as %)
30 tex 20 tex 30 tex 20 tex
90 °C110 °C90 °C110 °C90 °C110 °C90 °C110 °C
Tenacity, cN/tex X 15.0 19.916.915.7-4.4-4.8-11.3-9.5 CV %-14.3-15.813.612.3 9.316.7 -6.9-5.5
Elongation at break, %X 8.9 8.7 8.7 5.4-3.0-5.7 -6.0-3.7 CV %-20.7-25.511.8 8.8 3.211.4 -7.7-6.5
Work of rupture, cN X 15.0 12.413.612.9-4.3-5.5 -4.8-4.5
CV %-13.9-14.118.716.9 4.38.9 -8.8-8.0
F?gure 1. The effect of the heat-setting
process on tenacity of yarn.
F?gure 2. The effect of the heat-setting
process on elongation at breake of yarn.
decreased by 4 - 6% after the dyeing process (Figure 3). Increases obtained after heat-setting at 110 °C were lower than those obtained after heat setting at 90 °C. The increase observed in the work rupture value of the yarns decreased a little because of reductive washing in the dyeing process but this value was still higher than that of the unset yarns . Work of rupture can be considered to be the working capacity of the yarn. Work-ing capacity is the most important value which showed the yarn performance in the following processes. The work capacity of a yarn corresponds to the area below the stress-strain curve and expresses the behavior of the yarn dur-ing subsequent treatment. Therefore, it is suggested that increases in the tenacity and elasticity of the yarn should not be assessed individually, but together with its work capacity [3]. The CV % values which belong to te-
nacity, elongation
and work of rupture of 30 tex and 20 tex yarns are given
in Table 1. While 30 tex yarn showed decreases in tenacity, elongation at break (%) and work of rupture, CV % values after heat- setting at 90 °C and 110 °C, 20 tex yarns showed increases in these CV% values. The tenacity of
the yarn decreased and tenacity CV% values increased as the yarn got thinner. Tenac-ity CV%
values of 30 tex yarn were increased after dyeing, however they were lower than those of the unset yarns. The tenacity CV% values of 20 tex yarn were decreased after the dyeing process, but they were high when compared with the values obtained before heat-setting.Twisted yarns tend to untwist. When twisted yarn tension is slackened (which occurs at their unwinding from pack-ages), the yarns usually get coupled as loops and
twisted in reverse direction forming snarls which lead to breakeges during furter yarn processing. When wo-ven into fabrics, snarlings cause faulty and lower grade fabrics. Therefore, yarns needs heat setting in order to prevent un-twisting and snarling [14].Twisted yarns which were subjected to the setting processes underwent some changes in their interior structure, as a result of which resilient and elastic de-formations were able to take place and the macromolecules of the yarn able to change from a curved to a straight shape. At the same time, the monofilaments could have become somewhat elongated and come to occupy a position in which they would follow a helical path without stresses, as the elastic forces would be suppressed.The straightening of macromolecules led to yarn elongation, but elastic forces tend-ed to shorten them. As a result, there was the possibilty that yarn length might re-main unchanged, but due to the suppres-sion of elastic forces, the stresses in yarns could have almost disappearred [14].Viscose yarns featured high hygroscopic-ity, good adsorbency, and swelling. Swelling of viscose yarns was accom-pained by an increase in yarn cross sec-tion by 25 - 65% and an insignifficant increase by 3-5% in fibre length [9, 14]. The cause of this change is that cellulose macromolecules which form viscose fibres shorten and the rate of the amorphous part of fibre is high [13]. The weakening of intermolecular ties fascili-tate an easier shift of molecules. In this case, the moisture acted as a lubricant. Heat intensified the motion of molecules, reduced the forces of intermolecular effect and their shift became easier. As twisted yarns were heated in swelled state (i.e. stressed state) the macromol-ecule shift occured quicker.If twisted yarn swelled in a free state, its cross section increased and the ori-entation of yarns remained unchanged, a shrinkage of yarn could be observed with a certain reduction in its strength. The yarns were stretched in a swelled state to increase their strength [14].The setting of twist in case of polyester yarns was accomplished only by heating but without swelling of yarns. By mois-tening the twisted yarns, having a stabi-lised twist in the free state, the reverse process of deformation relaxation took place which imparted the capacity of spontaneous untwisting to the yarn[14].Changes in the yarn’s linear density and twist as a result of heat- setting are given in Table 2.As it can be seen in Table 2 slight chang-es took place in the twisting values of the yarn after heat-setting. This process fixed yarn twisting and eliminated yarn liveli-ness, thus preventing snarling. Thus, we were able to enhance the performance F?gure 3. The effect of the heat- setting process on work of rupture of yarn.Table 2. Linear density and twist measurements of 30 tex and 20 tex PES/viscose yarns after heat- setting.Parameters Yarn properties 30 tex 20 tex Heat-set at 90 °C Heat-set at 110 °C Heat- set at 90 °C Heat-set at 110 °C Pre-heat setting tex 29.429.419.619.6t.p.m.963959960964Post-heatsetting tex 30.130.420.020.2t.p.m.940930934935Changes as %tex 2.4 3.4 2.1 3.1t.p.m.-2.4-3.0-2.7-3.0Post dyeing tex 31.231.620.620.8t.p.m.919915920922Changes as %tex 3.7 3.9 3.0 3.0 t.p.m.-2.2-1.6-1.5-1.4Table 3. The results of color measurements made on 30 Tex and 20 Tex PES/Viscose yarns.Yarn count Unset, ΔE Heat-set at 90 °C, ΔE Heat-set at 110 °C, ΔE inner-outer middle-outer middle-inner inner-outer middle-outer middle-inner inner-outer middle-outer middle-inner 30 tex 0.180.190.180.140.150.170.190.190.1720 tex 0.160.180.180.160.160.170.150.20
0.21
of the yarn in the following production processes by means of twist setting.
The heat-setting of man-made yarns un-der vacuum with saturated steam, besides reducing the residual shrinkage, resulted in no dye variations in the fabric, no tube buckling and no quality changes between the inner and outer sections of the bobb-in [5]. The measurements performed, as given in Table 3, show that no consider-able differences in colour among the inner, middle and outer sections of the bobbins existed.
The spectrophotometer gave a PASS value in each of the measurements, in-dicating that the bobbins did not have an unacceptable difference in color among the inner, middle and outer sections. The color difference value which came out after the dyeing of the yarns subjected to heat-setting at 90 °C was lower than the values which came out when the yarns were subjected to heat-setting at 110 °C, and those not subjected to heat- setting and dyed. However, the values of colour differences which exist among the inner, middle and outer sections of the fixed and non-fixed bobbins are very close to each other and, therefore, they can be consid-ered insignificant.
n Conclusions
In this study, tenacity, elongation at break (in per cent), and work of rupture of 30 tex and 20 tex yarns were found to be enhanced due to heat-setting. The tenacity and elongation at break values of the yarns decreased after dyeing; howev-er, these values are still high when com-pared with those of the pre- heat setting.
The increase of temperature from 90 °C to 110 °C caused a decrease in the strength values of the yarns. For this reason, heat- setting at 90 °C can be considered to be sufficient to enhance the strength proper-ties of PES/viscose yarns – consisting of 67% PES and 33% viscose.
After heat-setting, slight changes were observed in the twist values of the yarn. Yarn twist was fixed via heat- setting, thus preventing yarn snarling. As a result of these, the yarn is likely to show better performance in the following produc-tion steps. Besides, colour differences among the inner, middle and outer sec-tions of bobbins were found to be insig-nificant after the measurements. For furter studies it will be useful to
investigate yarn liveliness and the re-
lationship between yarn liveliness and
heat-setting .
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the authorities of
CAN Textile for the opportunities they have
provided and Dr.Mehmet Kan?k for very
useful discussions.
References
1.O zdemir O.,?arda? S., Yarn Conditioning
and New Methods, Textile&Technique,
Turkey, June 2004, pp. 248-260.
2.w ww.welker.de/html/englisch/
heatsetting.html., 2004.
3.T oggweiler P., Gleich S., Wanger F.,
Improved Quality With The Contexxor
Conditioned Yarn, Meiland English No. 9
(1995) pp. 154-155.
4.X orella catalogue, 2003.
5.X orella Contexxor, The Innovative Con-
ditioning and Steming System, 2003
catalogue.
6.Y azdi A. A., Woven Fabric Skewness and
Yarn Twist., Proceedings of 2nd Interna-
tional Istanbul Textile Congress, pp.1-7.
[CD-ROM] April, 2004 .
7.A rtzt P., The Influence of Different Spin-
ning Processes on The Structure and
Properties of Yarns, Proceedings of 2nd
International Istanbul Textile Congress,
pp.1-8. [CD-ROM] April, 2004.
8.E nhos S.A., An Investigation About the
Factors Affecting the Strength Properties
of Blended Yarns, Master thesis, Univer-
sity of Uludag, Bursa 2001., pp.73.
9.A danur S., Wellington Sears Handbook of
Industrial Textiles, Technomic Publishing
Co.Inc. Lancaster.-Basel., 1995, pp.
593-594.
10.K ara I., An Investigation About the Effects
of the Twist Setting Conditions, Final
Year Project, University of Uludag, Bursa,
2002.
11. A humada O., Cocca M., Gent?le G.,
Martuscelli E., D’oraz?o L., Uniaxial
Tensile Properties of Yarns: Effect of
Moisture Level on the Shape of Stres-
Strain Curves, Textile Research Journal
174 (11) 2004,1001-1006.
12.T arakc?oglu I., Textile Finishing and
Machines –Production and Finishing
of Polyester Fibres; Arac?lar Publishing
Co.Izmir, 1986, pp. 414-416.
13.M orton W.E., Hearle J.W.S., Physical
Properties of Textile Fibres; Heineman,
1975,pp.290.
14.U senko V., Processing of Man-made
Fibres, 1979 , Moscow, pp. 178-189.
Received 10.05.2006 Reviewed 26.01.2007
U N I V E R S I T Y
OF BIELSKO-BIA?A
Faculty of Materials
and Environmental Sciences
The Faculty was founded in 1969 as
the Faculty of Textile Engineering of the
Technical University of ?ód?, Branch in
Bielsko-Bia?a. It offers several courses
for a Bachelor of Science degree and a
Master of Science degree in the field of
Textile Engineering and Environmental
Engineering and Protection. The
Faculty considers modern trends in
science and technology as well as the
current needs of regional and national
industries. At present, the Faculty con-
sists of:
g The Institute of Textile
Engineering and Polymer
Materials, divided into the follow-
ing Departments:
g Physics and Structural Research
g Textiles and Composites
g Physical Chemistry of Polymers
g Chemistry and Technology of
Chemical Fibres
g The Institute of Engineering and
Environmental Protection, divid-
ed into the following Departments:
g Biology and Environmental
Chemistry
g Hydrology and Water Engineering
g Ecology and Applied Microbiology
g Sustainable Development
of Rural Areas
g Processes and Environmental
Technology
University of Bielsko-Bia?a
Faculty of Materials
and Environmental Science
ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Bia?a
tel. +48 33 8279 114, fax. +48 33 8279 100
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●I wonder if it’s because I have been at school for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about going home. ●It is because she wasn’t well that she fell far behind her classmates this semester. ●I can well remember that there was a time when I took it for granted that friends should do everything for me. ●In order to make a difference to society, they spent almost all of their spare time in raising money for the charity. ●It’s no pleasure eating at school any longer because the food is not so tasty as that at home. ●He happened to be hit by a new idea when he was walking along the riverbank. ●I wonder if I can cope with stressful situations in life independently. ●It is because I take things for granted that I make so many mistakes. ●The treasure is so rare that a growing number of people are looking for it. ●He picks on the weak mn in order that we may pay attention to him. ●It’s no pleasure being disturbed whena I settle down to my work. ●I can well remember that when I was a child, I always made mistakes on purpose for fun. ●It’s no pleasure accompany her hanging out on the street on such a rainy day. ●I can well remember that there was a time when I threw my whole self into study in order to live up to my parents’ expectation and enter my dream university. ●I can well remember that she stuck with me all the time and helped me regain my confidence during my tough time five years ago. ●It is because he makes it a priority to study that he always gets good grades. ●I wonder if we should abandon this idea because there is no point in doing so. ●I wonder if it was because I ate ice-cream that I had an upset student this morning. ●It is because she refused to die that she became incredibly successful. ●She is so considerate that many of us turn to her for comfort. ●I can well remember that once I underestimated the power of words and hurt my friend. ●He works extremely hard in order to live up to his expectations. ●I happened to see a butterfly settle on the beautiful flower. ●It’s no pleasure making fun of others. ●It was the first time in the new semester that I had burned the midnight oil to study. ●It’s no pleasure taking everything into account when you long to have the relaxing life. ●I wonder if it was because he abandoned himself to despair that he was killed in a car accident when he was driving. ●Jack is always picking on younger children in order to show off his power. ●It is because he always burns the midnight oil that he oversleeps sometimes. ●I happened to find some pictures to do with my grandfather when I was going through the drawer. ●It was because I didn’t dare look at the failure face to face that I failed again. ●I tell my friend that failure is not scary in order that she can rebound from failure. ●I throw my whole self to study in order to pass the final exam. ●It was the first time that I had made a speech in public and enjoyed the thunder of applause. ●Alice happened to be on the street when a UFO landed right in front of her. ●It was the first time that I had kept myself open and talked sincerely with my parents. ●It was a beautiful sunny day. The weather was so comfortable that I settled myself into the
英语句子结构和造句
高中英语~词性~句子成分~语法构成 第一章节：英语句子中的词性 1.名词：n. 名词是指事物的名称，在句子中主要作主语.宾语.表语.同位语。 2.形容词;adj. 形容词是指对名词进行修饰~限定~描述~的成份，主要作定语.表语.。形容词在汉语中是（的）.其标志是: ous. Al .ful .ive。. 3.动词：vt. 动词是指主语发出的一个动作，一般用来作谓语。 4.副词：adv. 副词是指表示动作发生的地点. 时间. 条件. 方式. 原因. 目的. 结果.伴随让步. 一般用来修饰动词. 形容词。副词在汉语中是（地）.其标志是：ly。 5.代词：pron. 代词是指用来代替名词的词，名词所能担任的作用，代词也同样.代词主要用来作主语. 宾语. 表语. 同位语。 6.介词：prep.介词是指表示动词和名次关系的词，例如：in on at of about with for to。其特征：
介词后的动词要用—ing形式。介词加代词时，代词要用宾格。例如：give up her（him）这种形式是正确的，而give up she（he）这种形式是错误的。 7.冠词：冠词是指修饰名词，表名词泛指或特指。冠词有a an the 。 8.叹词：叹词表示一种语气。例如：OH. Ya 等 9.连词：连词是指连接两个并列的成分，这两个并列的成分可以是两个词也可以是两个句子。例如：and but or so 。 10.数词：数词是指表示数量关系词，一般分为基数词和序数词 第二章节：英语句子成分 主语：动作的发出者，一般放在动词前或句首。由名词. 代词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当。 谓语：指主语发出来的动作，只能由动词充当，一般紧跟在主语后面。 宾语：指动作的承受着，一般由代词. 名词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当. 介词后面的成分也叫介词宾语。 定语：只对名词起限定修饰的成分，一般由形容
六级单词解析造句记忆MNO
M A: Has the case been closed yet? B: No, the magistrate still needs to decide the outcome. magistrate n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 A: I am unable to read the small print in the book. B: It seems you need to magnify it. magnify vt.１．放大，扩大；２．夸大，夸张 A: That was a terrible storm. B: Indeed, but it is too early to determine the magnitude of the damage. magnitude n.１．重要性，重大；２．巨大，广大 A: A young fair maiden like you shouldn’t be single. B: That is because I am a young fair independent maiden. maiden n.少女，年轻姑娘，未婚女子 a.首次的，初次的 A: You look majestic sitting on that high chair. B: Yes, I am pretending to be the king! majestic a.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，高贵的 A: Please cook me dinner now. B: Yes, your majesty, I’m at your service. majesty n.１．［Ｍ－］陛下（对帝王，王后的尊称）；２．雄伟，壮丽，庄严 A: Doctor, I traveled to Africa and I think I caught malaria. B: Did you take any medicine as a precaution? malaria n.疟疾 A: I hate you! B: Why are you so full of malice? malice n.恶意，怨恨 A: I’m afraid that the test results have come back and your lump is malignant. B: That means it’s serious, doesn’t it, doctor? malignant a.１．恶性的，致命的；２．恶意的，恶毒的 A: I’m going shopping in the mall this afternoon, want to join me? B: No, thanks, I have plans already. mall n.（由许多商店组成的）购物中心 A: That child looks very unhealthy. B: Yes, he does not have enough to eat. He is suffering from malnutrition.
base on的例句
意见应以事实为根据. 3 来自辞典例句 192. The bombers swooped ( down ) onthe air base. 轰炸机 突袭 空军基地. 来自辞典例句 193. He mounted their engines on a rubber base. 他把他们的发动机装在一个橡胶垫座上. 14 来自辞典例句 194. The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上. 14 来自辞典例句 195. When one stretched it, it looked like grey flakes on the carvas base. 你要是把它摊直, 看上去就象好一些灰色的粉片落在帆布底子上. 18 来自辞典例句 196. Economic growth and human well - being depend on the natural resource base that supports all living systems. 经济增长和人类的福利依赖于支持所有生命系统的自然资源. 12 1 来自辞典例句 197. The base was just a smudge onthe untouched hundred - mile coast of Manila Bay. 那基地只是马尼拉湾一百英里长安然无恙的海岸线上一个硝烟滚滚的污点. 6 来自辞典例句 198. You can't base an operation on the presumption that miracles are going to happen. 你不能把行动计划建筑在可能出现奇迹的假想基础上.
英语造句大全
英语造句大全English sentence 在句子中，更好的记忆单词！ 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character. （2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n.
(完整版)主谓造句
主语+谓语 1. 理解主谓结构 1) The students arrived. The students arrived at the park. 2) They are listening. They are listening to the music. 3) The disaster happened. 2．体会状语的位置 1) Tom always works hard. 2) Sometimes I go to the park at weekends.. 3) The girl cries very often. 4) We seldom come here. The disaster happened to the poor family. 3. 多个状语的排列次序 1) He works. 2) He works hard. 3) He always works hard. 4) He always works hard in the company. 5) He always works hard in the company recently. 6) He always works hard in the company recently because he wants to get promoted. 4. 写作常用不及物动词 1. ache My head aches. I’m aching all over. 2. agree agree with sb. about sth. agree to do sth. 3. apologize to sb. for sth. 4. appear (at the meeting, on the screen) 5. arrive at / in 6. belong to 7. chat with sb. about sth. 8. come (to …) 9. cry 10. dance 11. depend on /upon 12. die 13. fall 14. go to … 15. graduate from 16. … happen 17. laugh 18. listen to... 19. live 20. rise 21. sit 22. smile 23. swim 24. stay (at home / in a hotel) 25. work 26. wait for 汉译英： 1.昨天我去了电影院。 2.我能用英语跟外国人自由交谈。 3.晚上7点我们到达了机场。 4.暑假就要到了。 5.现在很多老人独自居住。 6.老师同意了。 7.刚才发生了一场车祸。 8.课上我们应该认真听讲。9. 我们的态度很重要。 10. 能否成功取决于你的态度。 11. 能取得多大进步取决于你付出多少努力。 12. 这个木桶能盛多少水取决于最短的一块板子的长度。
初中英语造句
【it's time to和it's time for】 ——————这其实是一个句型,只不过后面要跟不同的东西. ——————It's time to跟的是不定式（to do）.也就是说,要跟一个动词,意思是“到做某事的时候了”.如： It's time to go home. It's time to tell him the truth. ——————It's time for 跟的是名词.也就是说,不能跟动词.如： It's time for lunch.(没必要说It's time to have lunch) It's time for class.(没必要说It's time to begin the class.) They can't wait to see you Please ask liming to study tonight. Please ask liming not to play computer games tonight. Don’t make/let me to smoke I can hear/see you dance at the stage You had better go to bed early. You had better not watch tv It’s better to go to bed early It’s best to run in the morning I am enjoy running with music. With 表伴随听音乐 I already finish studying You should keep working. You should keep on studying English Keep calm and carry on 保持冷静继续前行二战开始前英国皇家政府制造的海报名字 I have to go on studying I feel like I am flying I have to stop playing computer games and stop to go home now I forget/remember to finish my homework. I forget/remember cleaning the classroom We keep/percent/stop him from eating more chips I prefer orange to apple I prefer to walk rather than run I used to sing when I was young What’s wrong with you There have nothing to do with you I am so busy studying You are too young to na?ve I am so tired that I have to go to bed early
The Kite Runner-美句摘抄及造句
《The Kite Runner》追风筝的人--------------------------------美句摘抄 1.I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green even sapphire 翻译：我依然能记得哈桑坐在树上的样子，阳光穿过叶子，照着他那浑圆的脸庞。他的脸很像木头刻成的中国娃娃，鼻子大而扁平，双眼眯斜如同竹叶，在不同光线下会显现出金色、绿色，甚至是宝石蓝。 E.g.: A shadow of disquiet flickering over his face. 2.Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbor's dog, was always my idea. 翻译：从来不提镜子、用胡桃射狗其实都是我的鬼主意。E.g.:His secret died with him, for he never told anyone. 3.We would sit across from each other on a pair of high
翻译加造句
一、翻译 1. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me., but not without appeal. 让我自己挑选自己最喜欢的书籍这个有意思的想法真的对我具有吸引力。 2.I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by the one decent man, and evil. 我陷入到大屠杀悲剧的痛苦之中，一个体面的人所代表的善与恶的猛烈冲击之中。 3.I was astonished by the the great power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary to translate my feelings into words. 我被这部小说所包含的巨大能量感到震惊。我无法用语言来表达我的感情（心情）。 4，make sth. long to short长话短说 5.I learned that summer that reading was not the innocent(简单的) pastime(消遣) I have assumed it to be., not a breezy, instantly forgettable escape in the hammock(吊床)，( though I’ ve enjoyed many of those too ). I discovered that a book, if it arrives at the right moment, in the proper season, will change the course of all that follows. 那年夏天，我懂得了读书不是我认为的简单的娱乐消遣，也不只是躺在吊床上，一阵风吹过就忘记的消遣。我发现如果在适宜的时间、合适的季节读一本书的话，他将能改变一个人以后的人生道路。 二、词组造句 1. on purpose 特意，故意 This is especially true here, and it was ~. (这一点在这里尤其准确，并且他是故意的) 2.think up 虚构，编造，想出 She has thought up a good idea. 她想出了一个好的主意。 His story was thought up. 他的故事是编出来的。 3. in the meantime 与此同时 助记：in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地... In the meantime, what can you do? 在这期间您能做什么呢？ In the meantime, we may not know how it works, but we know that it works. 在此期间，我们不知道它是如何工作的，但我们知道，它的确在发挥作用。 4.as though 好像，仿佛 It sounds as though you enjoyed Great wall. 这听起来好像你喜欢长城。 5. plunge into 使陷入 He plunged the room into darkness by switching off the light. 他把灯一关，房
改写句子练习2标准答案
The effective sentences:(improve the sentences!) 1.She hopes to spend this holiday either in Shanghai or in Suzhou. 2.Showing/to show sincerity and to keep/keeping promises are the basic requirements of a real friend. 3.I want to know the space of this house and when it was built. I want to know how big this house is and when it was built. I want to know the space of this house and the building time of the house. 4.In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and taught English. In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and an English teacher. 5.They are sweeping the floor wearing masks. They are sweeping the floor by wearing masks. wearing masks,They are sweeping the floor. 6.the drivers are told to drive carefully on the radio. the drivers are told on the radio to drive carefully 7.I almost spent two hours on this exercises. I spent almost two hours on this exercises. 8.Checking carefully,a serious mistake was found in the design. Checking carefully,I found a serious mistake in the design.
用以下短语造句
M1 U1 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： add up (to) be concerned about go through set down a series of on purpose in order to according to get along with fall in love (with) join in have got to hide away face to face 1 We’ve chatted online for some time but we have never met ___________. 2 It is nearly 11 o’clock yet he is not back. His mother ____________ him. 3 The Lius ___________ hard times before liberation. 4 ____________ get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam. 5 I think the window was broken ___________ by someone. 6 You should ___________ the language points on the blackboard. They are useful. 7 They met at Tom’s party and later on ____________ with each other. 8 You can find ____________ English reading materials in the school library. 9 I am easy to be with and _____________my classmates pretty well. 10 They __________ in a small village so that they might not be found. 11 Which of the following statements is not right ____________ the above passage? 12 It’s getting dark. I ___________ be off now. 13 More than 1,000 workers ___________ the general strike last week. 14 All her earnings _____________ about 3,000 yuan per month. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.go through 2. no longer/ not… any longer 3. on purpose 4. calm… down 5. happen to 6. set down 7. wonder if 三. 翻译： 1.曾经有段时间，我对学习丧失了兴趣。（there was a time when…） 2. 这是我第一次和她交流。（It is/was the first time that …注意时态） 3.他昨天公园里遇到的是他的一个老朋友。（强调句） 4. 他是在知道真相之后才意识到错怪女儿了。（强调句） M 1 U 2 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： play a …role (in) because of come up such as even if play a …part (in) 1 Dujiangyan(都江堰) is still ___________in irrigation(灌溉) today. 2 That question ___________ at yesterday’s meeting. 3 Karl Marx could speak a few foreign languages, _________Russian and English. 4 You must ask for leave first __________ you have something very important. 5 The media _________ major ________ in influencing people’s opinion s. 6 _________ years of hard work she looked like a woman in her fifties. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.make (good/full) use of 2. play a(n) important role in 3. even if 4. believe it or not 5. such as 6. because of
英语造句
English sentence 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能 句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的 句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character.（2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n. 句子：He is in America. 10、appear 出现v. He appears in this place. 11. artist 艺术家n. He is an artist. 12. attract 吸引 He attracts the dog. 13. Australia 澳大利亚 He is in Australia. 14.base 基地 She is in the base now. 15.basket 篮子 His basket is nice. 16.beautiful 美丽的 She is very beautiful. 17.begin 开始 He begins writing. 18.black 黑色的 He is black. 19.bright 明亮的 His eyes are bright. 20.good 好的 He is good at basketball. 21.British 英国人 He is British. 22.building 建造物 The building is highest in this city 23.busy 忙的 He is busy now. 24.calculate 计算 He calculates this test well. 25.Canada 加拿大 He borns in Canada. 26.care 照顾 He cared she yesterday. 27.certain 无疑的 They are certain to succeed. 28.change 改变 He changes the system. 29.chemical 化学药品