自学考试专升本英语词汇学资料精华
英语词汇学
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origing and meaning of words(WNWD). English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morephological structures of english words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formatain and usages Empty words---As their chief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well asbetween sentences, they are known as form words.
1Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are aliens
2there is no intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning as the connection between them is arbitrary and conventional.
3denizens are borrowing that have become naturalized or as similated in English.
4Archaisms are words no longer in common use or obsolete in use.
5Content words are changing all the time wheras functional words are stable functional words enjoy a higher frequency in use than content words.
6A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called semantic loan
Old English was a language of full endings,middle English was one of leveled endings.
Although borrowing remained an important channel of vocabulary expansion,yet more words are created by means of word-formation.
There are three main sources of new words:the rapid development of modern science and technology;social,economic and political changes;the influence of other cultures and languages.
The language used between 450and 1150in called Old English , which has a vocablary of 50,000-60,000. Middle english refers to the language spoken from 1150 to 1500, followed by the mordern english period, subdivided as early modern english 1500—1700 and late mordern (1700-up to now).
Morphemes---it seems to be generally agreed that a word is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning.
Affixation----Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. Tish proccess is also known as derivation.for new words created in this way are derived from old forms.the words formed in this way are called derivtives. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses:prefixatio n and suffixation.
Yacht(Dutch)游艇taboo(Polynesion)禁忌cotton(Araic)棉花chocolate(Mexican) 巧克力coolie(Hindi)苦力czar(russian)沙皇kimono(Japanese)和服boomerang(Australian native)回飞器chili(mexican)干辣椒shampoo(hindi)香波wonton(chinese)混沌tatami(Japanese)草垫wok(Chinese)锅sauerkraut(German)泡菜
Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears.
The definition of a word comprises the following points:1 a minimal free form of a language 2 a sound unity 3a unit of meaning 4a form that can say that can function alone in a sentence.
1a minimal meaningful unit of a language (morphemes)
2one of the variants that realize a morpheme(allomorph)
3a morpheme that occures with at least one other morpheme(bound morpheme)
4a morpheme that can stand alone(free morpheme)
5 a morpheme attached to a stem or root(affix)
6an affix that indicatesgrammatical relationships(inflectional affix)
7an affix that forms new words with a stem or root(derivational affix) individualistic
8What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes(root)
9a form to which affixes of any kind can be added(stem)
Individualistic individualist(stem) individual(stem) dividual(stem) dividu(root,stem)
Undesirables undesirable(stem) desirable(stem) desire(root,stem) Figures of speech 修辞格
simile明喻As mute as a fish
metaphor暗语animals are used to refer to people.
metonymy转义this refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of anotherassociated.
synecdoche借代fall in to good hands
personification拟人the pot calls the cattle black
euphemism:the call of nature
(完整word版)英语词汇学复习大纲整理
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.
自考专升本报考流程
自考专升本的同学们,你们对自考专升本考试的流程了解多少呢?今天贴心的百百给大家准备了自考流程图,快来看看吧~ 一、新生注册 1、如何选择专业? 根据目的 ①找工作：根据岗位要求选择。 ②考研/公:根据报考单位要求选择。 ③升职加薪、积分落户:选择简单易过的,以便快速拿证。 ④出国留学:根据报考院校的要求选择,或者选能快速拿证的。 2、了解专业计划 ①当地省考试院官网可以查询自考专业计划。专业计划中有所报专业要考的所有课程,按照计划考完全部课程并合格,可申请毕业。 ②专业不同,考试计划不同。理科类必有数学，文科类没有数学,大部分专业英语必考！ 3、网上注册 在省考试院官网进行自考注册报名。建议先选专业,后选院校,因为选择专业后会有默认主考院校。 4、现场确认 网上注册成功后,需要去所报考区自考办刷身份证现场确认,采像登记。 二、考试 1、网上报考 凭准考证等信息,登录考生服务平台,选择报考科目并缴费 2、备考教材 根据专业计划在考试院官网查找理论课程使用教材目录,根据目录所注版本购买教材。
3、参加考试 ①自考每年考3次,分别在1月的第1周周末,4月和10月的第3周周末,同一时间段只能报一门次最多考4门。 ②自考专科本科同时考试,所以就算可以专科本科一起报,也不能一起考。 4、成绩查询 考试结束一个月后左右成绩会在省考试院官网公布。 三、论文及答辩 1、登记 自考生要通过本科毕业论文的登记审核,才能进入到毕业论文的写作程序当中。登记时,会告诉每个专业的考生,在规定的时间去指定的地点听论文的讲座。 2、导师见面 讲座上学校该专业论文的老师会和大家见面,并根据大家的选题方向,指派导师。 3、写论文并答辩 考生写完论文并通过论文答辩后,本科毕业论文才算完成。 注意:如果毕业论文答辩顺利通过,自考考生就可以准备自考本科毕业事宜了。 四、毕业 1、毕业申请 ①按照专业计划,考完所有科目并取得全部合格证,方可申请毕业,办理时间一般上半年在每年6月15-20日,下半年在12月15-20日; ②网上申请后按照要求去自考办进行毕业申请现场确认; ③本科毕业申请还要有专科毕业证,专科毕业申请无前置学历要求; ④毕业申请三个月后,学信网可查学历信息,颁发毕业证书。
自考专升本要考哪些科目
考试科目及类别设置 2020年起，我省专升本考试设4门公共基础课考试科目，包括英语（公共外语课为其他小语种的考政治）、计算机、大学语文、高等数学（分为高等数学Ⅰ、高等数学Ⅱ、高等数学Ⅲ）。由省教育招生考试院统一命题，统一组织考试，统一组织评卷。每门满分100分，共400分。每门考试时间120分钟。 依据教育部公布的《普通高等学校本科专业目录（2012年）》，按照招生专业所属学科门类，设置哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学、艺术学等12个考试门类 自考专升本的报名流程分为网上报名和现场报名，考生可登录 各省官网在规定的时间内报名即可。 自考专升本报名分为网上报名和现场报名。网上报名：1.登陆当地自考办指定的网站报名;2.到自考办的指定银行办理一张缴费银行卡;3.按报名网站规定的报名流程完成报名;4.网上报名成功后的新生，需要在考办规定的时间内到自考办进行摄像。现场报名：1.新生携带身份证到机构报名站办理报名手续;2.一寸同底免冠相片3.缴费;4.在考办规定的时间领取新制作出的准考证。报考自考专升本，必须为具有国家承认的正式专科学历者方可报考高等教育自学考试本科段。党校及干部函授大学专科毕业人员，不具备参加本科段考试的资格。参加本科段考试的考生，应持专科毕业证书和本人身份证到当地该专业的报名点报名。报考与所学专科专业不同的本科，根据专业的不同需要加试相应的课程。 二、2020年起专升本考试录取办法
2020年起，依据学生高职（专科）在校期间的综合素质测评成绩设置报名条件；专升本考试取消专业综合课考试科目，增加公共基础课考试科目。 （一）适用范围。2017年起进入专科阶段学习，将于2020年及以后毕业的普通高职（专科）学生;具有普通高等教育专科（高职）毕业学历，且具有山东省辖区户籍的退役士兵。 （二）报考资格。 1.普通高职（专科）学生报考。 普通高职（专科）学生的报考资格，依据学生在校期间的综合素质测评成绩确定。学生报考专升本，其整个专科阶段的综合素质测评成绩排名，不得低于同年级、同专业的前40%。 学生在校期间转专业的，需重新完成转入专业所有课程的学习任务，其综合素质测评成绩的确定，与转入专业其他学生标准相同。学生转出专业的学习成绩，除部分转入专业同时开设的公共课等成绩外，其他成绩均不参与转入专业的综合素质测评。 综合素质测评由学生所在院校具体组织实施，时间涵盖整个高职（专科）学习阶段。以提升学生的知识、素质、能力为目标，以课程学习成绩（学分绩点）为基础，参考学生的思想品德状况和创新创业能力，统筹确定学生的综合素质测评成绩，其中课程学习成绩（学分绩点）所占比例不少于80%。各有关院校应科学制定学生综合素质测评方案，并广泛宣传至每一位学生，确保政策内容应知尽知。 2.其他高职（专科）学生报考。
《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)
英语词汇学论文(中文版) 单词记忆法细谈 一，读音规则记忆法 它就是按照元音字母、元音字母组合、辅音字母及辅音字母组合在开音节和闭音节的读音规律记忆。例如：ea，ee，er，ir，ur，or分别能发［i：］［：］［：］等。还有些固定的字母组合，例如：ing发［i］，ly发［li］，ty发［ti］和各种前缀、后缀，例如：a-，re-，un-，dis-，im-；-ed，-ing，-ly，-er，-or，-ful，-y等都有其比较固定的发音。掌握了这些规则，记单 词时就不必一个字母一个字母地记忆了。 二.字母变化记忆法 英语单词中以某个单词为基础，加、减、换、调一个字母就成了另一个新单词。具体方法 如下： 1.前面加字母。例如：is/his，ear/near/hear，read/bread 2.后面加字母。例如：hear/heart，you/your，plane/planet 3.中间加字母。例如：though/through，tree/three，for/four 4.减字母。例如：she/he，close/lose，star/tstar 5.换字母。例如：book/look/cook，cake/lake/wake/make/take 6.调字母（即改变字母顺序）。例如：blow/bowl，sing/sign， from/form 三.联想记忆法
在日常生活中可以根据所处的环境，所见到、所摸到的事物，联想相关的英语单词。例如： 打球时联想到：ball，(play)basketball，(play)football，(play)volleyball，playground等等；吃饭时联想到：dining-room，(have)breakfast，(have)lunch，(have)supper等等；睡觉 时联想到：bed，bedroom，gotobed，sleep，gotosleep，fallasleep等等。如果长期坚持下支，效果就会很好。 四.归类记忆法 众所周知，单词本身、单词与单词之间都存在着或多或少的联系，英语词汇中 有许多单词有着其近义词、反义词、一词多义、一词多音、同音词或形音形似词等内 在或外在的联系。因此，记忆单词的主要方法是把单词之间存在的这种联系挖掘归纳 出来，通过对比、对照的方式把学过的单词从各个方面进行归类 1.按词的构造归类 按词跟、前缀、后缀、合成词归类，找出词与词最本质 的联系。这种联系不仅使新词记得快、记得牢、记得久，而 且也同时复习了大量的旧词。合成词，如： schoolbag,school-boy,classroom,football,blackboard,etc. 前缀后缀词，如：unhappy,unhealthy,unfriendly,unlucky,worker,writer,visitor,us
自考专升本难吗
自考专升本难吗 专升本即专升本考试。 专升本考试是大学专科（高职高专）学生进入本科学习的选拔考试的简称，是中国教育体制大专层次学生升入本科院校的考试制度。 专升本有两大类型： 第一类是普通高等教育专升本（普通高校全日制统招专升本），选拔各省当年应届普通高校全日制（统招入学）的专科毕业生。 第二类是成人教育大类专升本。四种途径，包括自考专升本、成人高考专升本（业余，函授）、远程教育（网络教育）专升本、广播电视大学开放教育专升本。 五大专升本： 即专科升本科，由于国家有多种高等教育形式，所以可以通过多种途径取得不一样的本科学历。升本类型：统招专升本、自考专升（套）本、成考（成人高考）专升本、网络教育专升本、电大专升本。 1、统招专升本（普通全日制） 统招专升本也就是在正规大学里面的全日制学习的专升本。全称为“选拔优秀高职高专毕业生进入本科学习统一考试”，正式文件中一般称为普通高校专升本，简称普通专升本，也称“统招专升本“，“普高专升本”，“全日制专升本”，“3+2专升本”，个别省份如河北省称之普通高校专接本，江苏省称之普通高校专转本，广东省称之普通高校专插本，其余省份皆称之为普通高校专升本。 统招专升本是指在普通高等学校专科应届毕业生中选择优秀学生升入本科进行两年制的深造学习，修完所需学分，毕业时授予普通高等教育本科学历证书和学位证书，派发本科就业报到证。统招专升本属于国家计划内统一招录（统招），列入当年普通高校招生计划，享受与普通四年制本科同等待遇。 学习形式为普通全日制，有别于自考、成人高考、网络教育、电大等非统招学历。 2、自考专升本 自考专升本是自考性质的本科，即独立本科段。自考专升本一般称为专套本，因为其学习形式自由，报考时间和专业不受限制，文凭认可率相比后2者认可度
自考专升本专业
自考专升本专业 2015年自考专升本专业介绍已经公布，具体内容介绍如下： 1、会计学（专升本） 本专业培养具有良好综合素质，熟悉经济、管理基本理论，掌握现代财务理论和会计专业知识与操作技能，具有基本科研能力和实践能力，毕业后能在会计师事务所，企事业单位，各级各类行政部门从事会计实务，会计管理及会计研究的应用型高级专门人才。 主要课程：成本会计、财务会计、统计学、管理会计学、中国税制、数据库原理与应用、计算机会计、资本运营管理、财务报表分析、高级财务会计、审计学和市场营销学等。 2、工程管理（专升本） 本专业培养具备土木工程技术和管理学、经济学基础知识，掌握现代管理科学理论、方法，具有创新能力和实践能力，可在政府工程建设主管部门、投资开发公司、房地产开发企业、工程监理咨询公司、施工企业、国际工程承包公司、物业管理等单位从事相关工作的复合型管理人才。 主要课程：管理学原理、结构力学、工程结构、工程经济学、工程造价、工程合同管理、工程建设项目管理、房地产开发与经营、施工技术、施工组织学等。 3、工商管理（专升本） 本专业培养具有良好综合素质，熟悉管理学、经济学和企业管理基本理论和基本知识，掌握现代企业管理方法和技能，具有处理企业管理实际问题基本能力，适合在企、事业单位及各级政府部门从事管理、科研的应用型高级专门人才。 主要课程：管理学、经济法、西方经济学、物流管理学、组织行为学、人力资源管理、投资项目分析与管理、市场营销、企业战略管理等。 4、行政管理（专升本） 本专业培养德、智、体、美全面发展，具有较高的政治理论素质，掌握现代行政管理学基本理论和专业知识，具备从事行政管理的基本业务能力，能在各级各类
考研英语词汇复习笔记
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计划，享受与普通四年制本科同等待遇。 近年来，浙江省教育厅在招生工作重要会议中多次明确提出“专升本”生源计划是浙江省内一般高校的主要计划增长点，要求各高校切实加强对“专升本”考生的关心和培养。[2] 成考专升本 统招专升本学位证书 统招专升本学位证书 “专升本”招生是指具备大学本科办学资格的高校，根据国家下达的招生计划，以国民教育系列高等学校的大学专科毕业生及以上学历者为对象，通过成人高校“专升本”统一考试进行录取的本科招生类别。所获文凭国家承认，文凭硬度相对还比较高，在工资、人事待遇、考研究生、考证、考公务员、考事业编、出国留学、职称评定以及其他方面与普通本科具有同等效力。 报考成考专升本的学生需具有国民教育系列大学专科及以上毕业证书。此类毕业证书包括：普通高等教育专科、高等教育自学考试、成人高考、网络教育等属于国民教育系列的大专及大专以上文凭。成考专升本考生在规定年限内修满专业规定学分，并通过考试者，将获得由各成人高校颁发的经过教育部电子注册的大学本科文凭，符合学位申请条件者将获得学士学位证书。
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