2015年12月四级(第三套)大学英语四级真题卷

2015年12月四级（第三套）大学英语四级真题卷

听力同第二套

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

Children do not think the way adults do.For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight,it’s out of mind.If you cover a baby’s__36__toy with a piece of cloth,the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it.A4-year-old may__37__,that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ,not the__38__of the juice.

Yet children are smart in their own way.Like good little scientists,children are always testing their child-sized__39__about how things work.When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her,and you say,“That’s enough!I will not pick up your spoon again!”the child will__40__ test your claim.Are you serious?Are you angry?What will happen if she throws the spoon again?She is not doing this to drive you__41__;rather,she is learning that her desires and yours can differ,and that sometimes those__42__are important and sometimes they are not.

How and why does children’s thinking change?In the1920s,Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children’s cognitive abilities unfold__43__,like the blooming of a flower,almost independent of what else is__44__in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusions have been__45__or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world. A)advocate B)amount C)confirmed D)crazy

E)definite F)differences G)favorite H)happening

I)immediately J)naturally K)obtaining L)primarily

M)protest N)rejected O)theories

Section B

The Perfect Essay

[A]Looking back on too many years of education,I can identify one truly impossible teacher.She cared about me,and my intellectual life,even when I didn’t.Her expectations were high—impossibly so.She was an English teacher.She was also my mother.

[B]When good students turn in an essay,they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition,save for a single word added in the margin of the final page;"Flawless."This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade.Of course,I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age,so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14.Obviously,I did what any professional writer would do;I hurried off to spread the good news.I didn’t get very far.The first person I told was my mother. [C]My mother,who is just shy of five feet tall,is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry,she was terrifying.I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris(得意忘形)or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand.In any event,my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be.At the time,I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics,transitions(过渡),structure,style and voice. But what I learned,and what shuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.

[D]First off,it hurts.Genuine criticism,the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer,also leaves an existential imprint(印记)on you as a person.I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally.I say that we should never listen to these people.

[E]Criticism,at its best,is deeply personal,and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do.The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it,namely someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing.Conveniently they are also the people who care enough to see you thought this painful realization.For me it took

the form of my first,and I hope only,encounter with writer’s block—I was not able to produce anything for three years.

[F]Franz Kafka once said:"Writing is utter solitude(独处),the descent into the cold abyss(深渊)of oneself."My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss,and when you make the introspective(内省的)descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find.But,in the years that followed,her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude.I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me."It is a thing of no great difficulty,"according to Plutarch,"to raise objections against another man’s speech,it is a very easy matter;but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome."I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recall them.What I remember,however,is how she took up the"extremely troublesome"work of ongoing criticism.

[G]There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce"a better in its place."In a straightforward sense,he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques(评论).My mother was well covered on this count.But perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different,something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero’s claim that one should "criticize by creation,not by finding fault."Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful,but also almost always meaningful.

[H]My mother said she would help me with my writing,but first I had to help myself. For each assignment,I was to write the best essay I could.Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes,so if she found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch.From scratch.Once the essay was"flawless," she would take an evening to walk me through my errors.That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person,began.

[I]She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional

jargon(行话).She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech. "Writers can’t bluff(虚张声势)their way through ignorance."That was news to me —I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.

[J]She trimmed back my flowery language,drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression."John,"she almost whispered.

I leaned in to hear her:"I can’t hear you when you shout at me."So I stopped shouting and bluffing,and slowly my writing improved.

[K]Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed something important in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection.Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish.Whitman repeatedly reworked"Song of Myself"between 1855and1891.Repeatedly.We do our absolute best with a piece of writing,and come as close as we can to the ideal.And,for the time being,we settle.In critique, however,we are forced to depart,to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better.This is the lesson I took from my mother:If perfection were possible,it would not be motivating.

46.The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.

47.The author’s mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws

in his seemingly perfect essay.

48.A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.

49.Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can’t produce anything.

50.The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as "flawless".

51.Criticizing someone’s speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.

52.The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.

53.The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person.

54.The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.

55.Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.

Section C

Passage One

Could you reproduce silicon valley elsewhere,or is there something unique about it?

It wouldn’t be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn’t reproduce it in most of the US either.What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?

It’s the right people.If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo,Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.

You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub(中心);rich people and nerds(痴迷科研的人).

Observation bears this out.Within the US,towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds.Few startups happen in Miami,for example,because although it’s full of rich people,it has few nerds.It’s not the kind of place nerds like.

Whereas Pittsburgh has said to be MIT,Stanford,Berkeley,and Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh?And what happened in Ithaca,home of Cornell University,which is also high on the list?

I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell,so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible,particularly in winter,and there’s no interesting old city to make up for it,as there is in Boston.Rich people don’t want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca.So while there’re plenty of hackers(电脑迷)who could start startups,there’s no one to invest in them.

Do you really need the rich people?Wouldn’t it work to have the government invest in the nerds?No,it would not.Startups investors are a distinct type of the people.They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business.This helps them pick the right startups,and mean they can supply advice

and connections as well as money.And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.

Questions56to60are based on the following passage.

56.What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?

A)Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.

B)It is the biggest technology hub in the US.

C)Its fame in high technology is incomparable.

D)It leads the world in information technology.

57.What makes Miami unfit produce a Silicon Valley?

A)Lack of incentive for investment.B)Lack of government support.

C)Lack of the right kind of talents.D)Lack of famous universities.

58.In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford,Berkeley and MIT?

A)Its location is not as attractive to rich people.

B)Its science departments are not nearly as good.

C)It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.

D)It does not pay much attention to business startups.

59.What does the author imply about Boston?

A)It has pleasant weather all year round.

B)It produces wealth as well as high-tech.

C)It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.

D)It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.

60.What does the author say about startup investors?

A)They are especially wise in marking investments.

B)They have good connections in the government.

C)They can do more than providing money.

D)They are rich enough to invest in nerds.

Passage Two

It’s nice to have people of like mind around.Agreeable people boost your

confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable.Unfortunately,that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career.

It’s nice to have people agree,but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth.If everyone around you has similar views,your work will suffer from confirmation bias.(偏颇)

Take a look at your own network.Do you contacts share your point of view on most subjects?It yes,it’s time to shake things up.As a leader,it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue,but as the saying goes:From confrontation comes brilliance.

It’s not easy for most people to actively seek conflict.Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments.There’s no need to go out and find people you hate,but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking.You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.

Passionate,energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective.But it does require moral strength.Once you have worthy opponents,set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries.The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster,and better.

Fierce debating can hurt feelings,particularly when strong personalities are involved.Make sure your check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield.Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.

Reword all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners(拳击陪练)know how much you appreciate their contribution.The more they feel appreciated,the more they’ll be willing to get into the ring next time.

61.What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while?

A)It will help your company expand more rapidly.

B)It will be create a harmonious working atmosphere.

C)It may prevent your business and career from advancing.

D)It may make you fell uncertain about your own decision.

62.What does the author suggest leaders do?

A)Avoid arguments with business partners.

B)Encourage people to disagree and argue.

C)Build a wide and strong business network.

D)Seek advice from their worthy competitors.

63.What is the purpose of holding a debate?

A)To find out the truth about an issue.B)To build up people’s moral strength.

C)To remove misunderstandings.D)To look for worthy opponents.

64.What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?

A)They listen carefully to their opponents’views.

B)They slow due respect for each other’s beliefs.

C)They present their views clearly and explicitly.

D)They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.

65.How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?

A)Try to make peace with them.B)Try to make up the differences.

C)Invite them to the ring next time.D)Acknowledge their contribution.

2015年12月四级听力原文

Part1短对话

Question1

-M：Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month？

-W：Sure。It’s actually the most impressive one I’ve seen on that topic。

Q：What do we learn about the speakers？

Question2

-W：Are you looking for anything in particular？

-M：Yes。My son is graduating from high school，and I want to get him something special。

Q：Where does the conversation most probably take place？

Question3

-M：Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery。

-W：Really？If I remember right，he had a chance to work there，but he turned it down。

Q：What does the woman say about Mike？

Question4

-W：Would you like to come to Susan’s birthday party tomorrow evening？

-M：I’m going to give a lecture tomorrow。I wish I could be in two places at the same time。

Q：What does the man mean？

Question5

-W：Aren’t you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making？

-M：Yes。I think I will give them a deadline and hold them to it。

Q：What is the man probably going to do？

Question6

-W：Excuse me。Could you tell me where the visitors’parking is？I left my car there。

-M：Sure。It’s in Lot C。Over that way。

Q：What does the woman want to know？

Question7

-W：You look great！Now that you’ve taken those fitness classes。

-M：Thanks。I’ve never felt better in my life。

Q：What does the man mean？

Question8

-W：I really admire the efficiency of your secretaries。

-M：Our company selects only the best。They have a heave workload and we give them a lot of responsibilities。

Q：What are the speakers talking about？

Part2长对话

Conversion1

W：Hi Leo，why do you say English would become the world language？

M：Well。For one thing，it’s so commonly used，the only language that is used by more people is Chinese。

W：Why is English spoken by so many people？

M：It’s spoken in many countries of the world because of the British empire。And now of course is the influence of America as well。

W：Many students find English a difficult language to learn。

M：Oh，all languages are difficult to learn。But English does have two greatest advantages。

W：What are they？

M：Well，first of all，it has a very international vocabulary。It has many German，Dutch，French，Spanish and Italian words in it。So speakers of those languages will find many familiar words in English。In fact，English has words for many other languages as well。

W：Why is that？

M：Well，partly because English speakers have travelled a lot，they bring back words with them。So English really does have an international vocabulary。

W：And what is the other advantage of English？

M：It that English grammar is really quite easy。For example，it doesn’t have dozens of different endings for its nouns，adjectives and verbs，not like Latin，Russian and German for example。

W：Why is that？

M：Well，it’s quite interesting actually，it’s because of the French。When the French ruled England，French was the official language，and only the common people spoke English。They tried to make their language as simple as possible。So they made the grammar easier。

Questions9to11are based on the conversation you’ve just heard。

Q9：What does the man say about Chinese？

Q10：What made English a widely used language？

Q11：What is said to be special about English vocabulary？

Conversation2

Man：Hello。Yes？

Woman：Hello。Is that the sales department？

M：Yes，it is。

W：Oh，well。My name is Jane Kingsbury of GPF limited。We need some supplies for our design office。

M：Oh，what sort？

W：Well，first of all，we need one complete new drawing board。

M：DO44or DO45？

W：Ah，I don’t know。What’s the difference？

M：Well，the45costs15pounds more。

W：So what’s the total price then？

M：It’s387pounds。

W：Dose that include valued-added tax？

M：Oh，I’m not sure。Most of the prices do。Yes，I think it does。

W：What are the boards actually made of？

M：Oh，I don’t know。I think it‘s a sort of plastic stuff these days。It’s white anyway。

W：And how long does it take to deliver？

M：Oh，I couldn’t really say。It depends on how much work we’ve got and how many other orders there are to send out，you know。

W：Ok，now we also want some drawing pens，ink and rulers，and some drawing paper。

M：Oh dear。The girl who takes all those supplies isn’t here this morning。So I can’t take those orders for you。I only do the equipment you see。

W：Ok，well，perhaps I’ll ring back tomorrow。

M：So do you want the drawing board then？

W：Oh，I have to think about it。Thanks very much。I’ll let you know。Good-bye。

M：Thank you。Good-bye。

Question12to15are based on the conversation you just heard。

Question12：What is the woman’s purpose in making the phone call？

Question13：What do we learn about the man from the conversation？

Question14：What does the man say about delivery？

Question15：What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow？

Part3短文

短文1

No one knows for sure just how old kites are。In fact，they have been in use for centuries。25centuries ago，kites were well-known in China。These first kites were probably made of wood。They may even have been covered with silk，because silk were used a lot at that time。Early kites were built for certain uses。In ancient China，they will use to carry ropes to cross rivers。Once across，the ropes were tear down and wooden bridges would hang for them。Legend tells of one General who flew musical kites over the enemies’camp。The enemy fled，believing the sounds to be the warming voices of angels。By the15th century，many people flew kites in Europe。Marco Polo may have brought the kite back from his visit to China。The kite has been linked to great names and events。For instance，Benjamin Franklin used kite to prove the lightening electricity。He flew the kite in the storm。He did this in order to draw lightening from the clouds。He tied a metal

key and a strip of silk to the kite line。The silk ribbon would stop the lightening from passing through his body。Benjamin’s idea was first laughed at。But later on，it enlightened the invention of the lightening rod。With such grand history，kite flying is short remain an entertaining and popular sport。

Question16to18are based on the passage you have just heard。

Question16：What does the speaker say about kite？

Question17：What did ancient Chinese use cats to do？

Question18：Why did BF flied a kite in the storm？

短文2

I have learnt many languages，but I’m not mastered them the way the professional interpreter or translator has。Still，they have open doors for me。They have allowed me the opportunity to seek jobs in international contexts and help me get those jobs。Like many people who have lived overseas for a while，I simply got crazy about it。

I can’t image living my professional or social life without international interactions。Since1977，I have spent much more time abroad than in the United States。I like going to new places，eating new foods and experiencing new cultures。If you can speak the language，it’s easier to get to know the country and its people。If I had the time and money。I would live for a year in as many countries as possible。Beyond my career，my facility with languages has given me a few rare opportunities。Once，just after I returned my year in Vienna。I was asked to translate for a German judge at Olympic level horse event and learned a lot about the sport。

In Japan，once when I was in the studio audience of a TV cooking show，I was asked to go up on the stage and taste the beef dish that was being prepared and tell what I thought。They asked”Was it as good as American beef？”It was very exciting for me to be on Japanese TV，speaking in Japanese about how delicious the beef was。

Questions19to22are based on the passage you’ve just heard。

Question19What does the speaker say about herself？

Question20What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while？

Question21How did the speaker experience of living in Vienna benefit her？

Question22What was the speaker asked to do in the Japanese studio？

短文3

Dr。Ben Carsen grew up in a poor single parent house-hold in Detroit。His mother，who had only a3rd grade education helds two jobs cleaning bathrooms。To his classmates and even to his

teachers he was thought of as the dummest kid in his class。According to his own not so fond memories。

He had a terrible temper，and once threatened to kill another child。Dr。Carsen was headed down part of seld distraction until a critical moment in his youth。His mother convinced that he had to do something dramatic preventing leading a life of failure laid down some rules。He could not

watch television except for two programs a week，could not play with his friends after school

until he finished his homework。And had to read two books a week，and write book reports about them。His mother’s strategy worked。“Of course，I didn’t know she couldn’t read。So there I was

submitting these reports。”he said。She would put check marks on them like she had been reading them。As I began to read about scientists，economists and philosophers。I started imaging myself in their shoes。As he got into the hobbit of hard work，his grade began to soar。Ultimately he received a scholarship to attending Yale

University，and later he was admitted to the University of Michigan Medical School。

He is now a leading surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medical School and he is also the author of the three books。

Questions23to25are based on the conversation you’ve just heard。

Q23What do we learn about Ben Carsen？

Q24What did Ben Caren’s classmates and teachers think of him whenhe was first at school？

Q25What did Ben Carsen’s mother tell him to do when he was a school boy？

Part4听写题

When you look up at the night sky，what do you see？There are other heavenly bodies out there besides the moon and stars。One of the most fascinating of this is a comet。Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed。They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses。Now and then these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do。As a comet gets closer to the sun。Some gasses in it begin to unfreeze。They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud。As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail。The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are characteristics that can help identify this phenomenon in the night sky。In any given year，about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits。The average person can’t see them all of course。Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the naked eye。Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in1995was an unusually bright comet。Its orbit bought relatively to the earth within122million miles of it。But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit。It won’t be back for another4thousand years or so。参考答案

1。B。They enjoyed the movie on space exploration。

2。A。At a gift shop。

3。C。He declined a job offer from the art gallery。

4。D。He will be unable to attend the birthday party。

5。B。Set a deadline for the staff to meet。

6。A。They way to the visitor’s parking。

7。D。He has benefited from exercise。

8。D。The secretaries in the man’s company。

9。B。It is used by more people than English。

10。C。The influence of the British Empire。

11.It includes a lot of words from other languages。

12.To place an order

13.He is not familiar with the exact details of goods。

14.It depends on a number of factors。

15.Ring back when she comes to a decision。

16。No one knows for sure when they came into being。

17.Carry ropes across river。

18.To prove the lighting is electricity。

19.She can speak several languages。

20.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions。

21.She was able to translate for a German sports judge。

22.Taste the beef and give her comment。

23.He grew up in a poor single parent household。

24.Stupid

25.Write two book reports a week。

27.fascinating

29.Now and then

32.characteristics

34.naked

35.。Relatively

中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的（唯一）要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样（竞争）激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社

会上（取得）大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬。因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子（创造）更好的条件。

Chinese parents have frequently tended to pay too much attention to their children's study,so that children don’t help them do the housework.Their only requirement for their children is to study hard,perform well in the exams,and go to a famous/prestigious university.They believe it is good for their children,because in such a highly competitive society,only good results could ensure a promising future.Chinese parents also believe that parents will be honored if their children can achieve great success in society.Therefore,they are willing to sacrifice their own time,hobbies and interests,to create much better conditions for children.

2015年12月英语四级真题及答案第一套

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大学英语四级考试真题及答案(三套全)

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2015年6月大学英语四级真题(CET4)及答案解析

CET4 2015年6月份英语四级真题（CET4）

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