大英三课文中英对照afterclass

Two Ways of Looking at Life

看待生活的两种方式

Your attitude strongly reflects your outlook on life. Take a closer look at that connection. Are you a pessimist—or an optimist? Can you see how your way of looking actually does color your attitude? And remember: change your outlook and you change your attitude.

你的生活态度是你个人人生观的深刻体现。（让我们）更仔细看一下二者的关系。你是个悲观主义者，还是个乐观主义者？你看待（生活）的方式确实影响着你的生活态度，你清楚吗？请记住：改变了你的人生观，就改变了你的生活态度。

[1] The father is looking down into the crib

at his sleeping newborn daughter, just

home from the hospital. His heart is overflowing with awe and gratitude for the beauty of her, the perfection. 父亲低头看着小床里睡得正熟的女儿，女儿出生没几天，刚从医院回家。她的漂亮和完美使他心中充满了敬畏和感激。

[2] The baby opens her eyes and stares

straight up.

这时孩子睁开了眼睛，直直地向上方望着。

[3] The father calls her name, expecting that she will turn her head and look at him.

Her eyes don't move. 父亲叫她的名字，期待着她转头看他。她的

眼睛却一动不动。

[4] He picks up a furry little toy attached to the rail of the crib and shakes it, ringing the bell it contains. The baby's eyes don't move. 他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小绒毛玩具摇起来，玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。孩子的眼睛还是一动不动。

[5] His heart has begun to beat rapidly. He

finds his wife in their bedroom and tells her what just happened. "She doesn't seem to respond to noise at all," he says. "It's as if

she can't hear." 他的心跳开始加速。他在卧室里找到了妻子并把刚刚发生的事告诉了她。“她似乎对声音毫无反应，”他说。“好像她根本听不到。”

[6] "I'm sure she's all right," the wife says,

pulling her dressing gown around her. Together they go into the baby's room. “我敢肯定她一切正常，”妻子说着，一边披上晨衣。他们一起走进了婴儿的房间。

[7] She calls the baby's name, jingles the bell, claps her hands. Then she picks up the baby, who immediately becomes lively and makes happy sounds. 她叫着孩子的名字，把铃摇得叮当响，还拍手。随后她把孩子抱起来，这时孩子一下子变得活泼起来并发出开心的声音。

[8] "My God," the father says. "She's deaf." “天哪,” 父亲说，“她是个聋子。”

[9] "No, she's not," the mother says. "I “不，不会的，” 母亲说, “我是说，现在这么

mean, it's too soon to say a thing like that. Look, she's brand-new. Her eyes don't even

focus yet."

说太早了。你看，她刚出生不久，视线还不能集中呢。”

[10] "But there wasn't the slightest

movement, even when you clapped as hard

as you could." “可是刚才你那么用力地拍手，她都没有一点

反应。”

[11] The mother takes a book from the

shelf. "Let's read what's in the baby book," she says. She looks up "hearing" and reads out loud: " 'Don't be alarmed if your

newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound. Reactions to sound often take some time to develop. Your pediatrician can test your child's

hearing neurologically.'"

母亲从书架上拿了一本书。“让我们看看这本育儿书上怎么说，” 她说道。她查到“听觉”

栏，大声读道：“‘如果你的新生儿听到响声不

吃惊，或者不会朝向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。因为对声音的反应通常要过一段时间才会出现。你的儿科医生可以从神经系统方

面对孩子的听觉进行测试。’”

[12] "There," the mother says. "Doesn't

that make you feel better?" “瞧,”母亲说道，“这是不是让你感觉好多

了？”

[13] "Not much," the father says. "It doesn't even mention the other possibility, that the baby is deaf. And all I know is that my baby doesn't hear a thing. I've got the worst feeling about this. Maybe it's because my grandfather was deaf. If that beautiful baby is deaf and it's my fault, I'll never

forgive myself."

“没好多少，” 父亲说。“书里甚至都没提还有另一种可能性，那就是孩子是聋子。我只知道我的宝贝什么也听不见。我有一种最可怕的预感。也许这是因为我的祖父就是聋子的原因。如果我们漂亮的小宝贝真是聋子而且是我这一方的原因，我将永远无法原谅自

己。”

[14] "Hey, wait a minute," says the wife. "You're worrying too much. We'll call the pediatrician first thing Monday. In the meantime, cheer up. Here, hold the baby while I fix her blanket. It's all pulled out." “嗨，等等，” 妻子说。“你太多虑了。星期一我们第一件要做的事就是给儿科大夫打电话。现在，高兴点儿吧。来，抱着孩子，我

把毯子弄弄好，全都拉散了。”

[15] The father takes the baby but gives her back to his wife as soon as he can. All weekend he finds himself unable to prepare for next week's work. He follows his wife around the house, thinking about the baby's hearing and about the way deafness would ruin her life. He imagines only the worst: no hearing, no development of language, his beautiful child cut off from society, locked in a soundless world. By Sunday night he has

sunk into despair.

父亲接过孩子，但是很快地又把她还给了妻子。整个周末他发现自己无法准备下一周的工作。他跟着妻子在屋子里转，满脑子想的都是孩子的听觉问题以及失聪将会怎样毁了孩子的一生。他只想到最坏的一面：没有听觉，无法学语言，他那漂亮的宝贝将与世隔绝，被困在无声的世界中。等到了星期天晚

上，他已经彻底绝望了。

[16] The mother leaves a message with the pediatrician's answering service asking for 母亲在儿科医生的代接电话服务处留了言，预约星期一一大早与医生见面。周末则用来

an early appointment Monday. She spends the weekend doing her exercises, reading,

and trying to calm her husband. 让自己锻炼、阅读并尽力安慰丈夫。

[17] The pediatrician's tests are reassuring, but the father's spirits remain low. Not until a week later, when the baby shows her first startle to the loud sound of a passing truck, does he begin to recover and

enjoy his new daughter again. 医生检查的结果令人安慰，但父亲的情绪依然低落。直到一周后，当孩子听到过路卡车的巨响而第一次感到吃惊时，他这才开始情绪好转，并又感到和新生女儿在一起的乐趣

了。

[18] This father and mother have two different ways of looking at the world. Whenever something bad happens to him —a call from the bank manager, a disagreement with his wife, even a frown from his employer —he imagines the worst: bankruptcy, jail, divorce , and dismissal . He is prone to depression ; he often feels extremely tired; his health suffers. She, on the other hand, sees bad events in their least threatening light . To her, they are temporary challenges to be overcome. After a reversal , she bounces back quickly, and finds all her energy again. Her

health is excellent.

（故事中的）父亲母亲有两种截然不同的看世事的方式。只要有丁点不好的事发生在父亲身上，如银行经理的一个电话、与妻子的意见相左、甚至是老板皱了一下眉头，他都会往最坏的方面想：破产、入狱、离婚、解雇。他很容易情绪低落；经常感到很累；身体不好。而与他正相反，她总是从最乐观的角度来看待坏事。对她而言，这些事只不过是一时的考验而已，会克服的。在经历挫折后，她很快就恢复过来，并又重新恢复活力。她的身体非常健康。[3:40 本段及以下为听

力重点]

[19] The optimists and the pessimists : I have been studying them for the past twenty-five years. The defining

characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe bad events will last a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own fault. The optimists, who are confronted with the same hard knocks of this world, think about misfortune in the opposite way. They tend to believe defeat is just a temporary setback , that its causes are confined to this one case. The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are not bothered by defeat. Confronted by a bad situation, they perceive it as a challenge

and try harder.

在过去的25年中，

我一直在研究乐观主义者和悲观主义者这两类人。悲观主义者的典型特征是，他们往往相信坏事会持续相当长的一段时间，会危及他们所做的每件事，并且都是他们自己的过错。而乐观主义者在面临同样的生活不幸时，则以相反的方式看待厄运。他们会认为失败只是暂时的挫折，它的起因也仅限于这一例。乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的错，而是环境、运气不佳或其

他人造成了自己的失败。这些人从不为失败

所困扰。面临逆境时，他们会把它看作是考

验并更加努力。

[20] These two habits of thinking about 这两种考虑问题起因的习惯会产生不同的结

causes have consequences . Literally

hundreds of studies show that pessimists give up more easily and get depressed more often. These experiments also show that optimists do much better in school and at work. They regularly exceed the predictions of aptitude tests. When optimists run for office, they are more apt to be elected than pessimists are. Their health is unusually good. Evidence suggests they

may even live longer.

果。毫不夸张地说，大量的研究都表明悲观

主义者更容易放弃，更经常地感到情绪低落。这些试验还显示，乐观主义者无论在学校学习还是在工作中的表现都要出色得多。他们的表现常常超出了能力测验的预测。当乐观

主义者参加竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易当选。他们的健康状况出奇的好。有证据

显示他们可能更长寿。

[21] Twenty-five years of study has

convinced me that if we habitually believe,

as does the pessimist, that misfortune is our

fault, is enduring , and will undermine

everything we do, more of it will happen to

us than if we believe otherwise. I am also

convinced that if we are in the grip of this

view, we will get depressed easily, we will

accomplish less than our potential , and

we will even get physically sick more often.

Pessimistic prophecies are self-fulfilling .

( 942 words)

25年的研究使我确信，如果我们像悲观主义

者那样，习惯性地认为不幸是我们自己的过

错，会持续很长时间，而且会危及我们所做

的每件事情的话，那么，更多的不幸就会发

生在我们身上，而反之则不然。我也确信，

如果我们总是为这种观点所左右，我们将更

容易消沉，将无法取得我们本应取得的成就，

并且我们将更容易生病。悲观主义者的预言

会自然应验的。

Beauty and the Beast

美女与野兽

[1] There was once a very rich merchant who

had six children, three sons and three daughters. He gave his daughters everything they wanted, but they were very conceited and spoiled, except for the youngest, whom they called Beauty. She was as beautiful as she was sweet, and her two sisters were

consumed with jealousy. 从前有一位非常富有的商人，他有六个孩子，三个儿子和三个女儿。他满足女儿想要的一切，但是，除了小女儿，两个大女儿都非常自高自大，被宠坏了。小女儿名叫“美女”。她既美丽又温柔，两个姐姐为

此嫉妒得不得了。

[2] One terrible day the merchant learned that he had lost all of his money, and the

family was forced to move from their luxurious mansion in town to a small house in the country. The sons immediately helped their father with the outside chores. Poor Beauty, she had never lived without servants. Now she had to get up before sunrise to light the fire and make the food and clean the house. But she soon grew accustomed to it and said, "Crying won't improve the situation. I must try to make myself happy." Her sisters, on the other hand, stayed in bed till noon and were annoyed that Beauty was not as miserable as

they were. 在一个倒霉的日子里，商人得知自己损失了所有的钱，全家人被迫从城里的豪宅搬到乡下一个小房子去住。三个儿子立即帮

助父亲张罗起了外面的琐事。可怜的美女，向来都是仆人照料她的起居。现在她不得不在日出前起床，生火、做饭、打扫屋子。但是她很快适应了这种生活。她说：“哭不会改善现状。我必须努力让自己快乐起来。”然而，她的两个姐姐每天都睡到正午，并且还为美女不像她俩一样痛苦而生气。

[3] A year later, the father received a letter that one of his lost ships had been found and had arrived filled with merchandise for him. Everyone was delighted because they would once again be rich. As the merchant left, the two older daughters begged their father to bring them home all sorts of precious jewels and elegant gowns. "And what does my Beauty want?" the father asked. "Oh, I need nothing, but if you could bring me a rose, I 一年后，这位父亲收到一封信，告知他有一艘失踪的船已被找到，并满载货物而归。全家人都很高兴，因为他们又要变得富有了。在商人离家前，两个大女儿恳求父亲给她们带回各种各样珍贵的首饰和漂亮衣服。“那么我的美女想要什么呢?”父亲问道。“哦，我什么都不需要，但是如果您能带给我一朵玫瑰，我会非常感激的，”她说。当然，美女并不需要玫瑰，只是她想，为了不使自己看上去似乎在批评两个姐姐的

would be most appreciative," she said. Of

course, Beauty did not need the rose, but she

thought she had better ask for something so

as not to appear to be criticizing her sisters'

greed.

贪婪，她最好还是要点什么。

[4] The merchant reached the harbor, but

alas, the vessel had sunk, consequently he

was still as poor as before. On the way home

he got lost in a forest, and it began to snow. "I shall die of the cold or be eaten by wolves and never see my dear children again," he reflected sadly. Suddenly, he saw a huge mansion with all the lights on. He knocked at the door, but no one answered. He entered only to find a large fire burning in the fireplace and a table set with delicious food. He waited a long time for the owner to appear, but no one came. He was starving, so he finally ate a bit of the food. He then found a bedroom where he fell fast asleep. The next morning he was astonished to find a brand-new suit of clothes laid out for him and a fresh breakfast awaiting him. "This must be the castle of some fairies," he thought, and so he said a loud "thank you" and left. He was surprised to see that the snow had disappeared and that there was a lovely garden filled with rosebushes. "I shall take just one rose for my Beauty," he said, but as he cut the rose he heard a loud and terrible voice. He saw an ugly monster who said, "Ungrateful man! I have saved your life and in return you steal my roses. You must die!" But the merchant begged the Beast not to kill him for the sake of his children. The Beast seemed interested when he learned of Beauty and her request for the rose. "Then you must ask her to come here in place of you. You will have three months. Return home, and if she will not come then you must return. However you will not depart empty-handed. Return to your room and you will find a chest of gold," the Beast said. "Well, if I must die, at least I shall not leave my children destitute," thought the father, and he took the chest of gold and 商人来到了港口，但是天哪，船已经沉没了，结果他依然贫穷如前。回家时，他在

森林里迷了路，并且天开始下起雪来。“我会冻死的，或者被狼吃掉，再也看不到我亲爱的孩子们了，”他伤心地想着。突然，他看到一所富丽堂皇的豪宅，里面灯火通明。他敲了敲门，但没人答应。他走进去，却发现壁炉里炉火正旺，一张桌子上摆满美味佳肴。他等了很长时间，等着主人露面，但是没有人来。他饿极了，于是他最后（忍不住）吃了一点食物。然后他找到一间卧室，并很快在那儿睡着了。第二天早晨，他惊讶地发现一套崭新的衣服摆在他面前，还有一顿新做的早餐等着他去享用。“这儿一定是仙女们住的城堡，”他想，因此他大声喊了声“谢谢你们”，然后离开了。他惊讶地看到雪已经消失得无影无踪，面前有一个可爱的花园，里面长满了玫瑰花丛。“我只摘一朵玫瑰，给我的美女，”他说。但当他折下玫瑰时却听到了一声可怕的大吼。他看到一头丑陋的怪兽对他说：“忘恩负义的人！我救了你的命，你却偷我的玫瑰来报答我。你必须死!”但是商人乞求野兽看在他孩子们的份上不要杀他。野兽在听说了美女和她要求得到一朵玫瑰的故事之后似乎有了兴趣。“那么你必须叫她到这儿来代替你。给你三个月的时间。回家去，如果她不愿来，那你必须回来。但是我不会让你空着手离开的。到你房间去，你会发现一箱金子，”野兽说。“好吧，如果我必须得死，至少我不会让我的孩子们身无分文，”这位父亲想，于是他带着一箱

金子回到了家里。

returned home.

[5] "Here, Beauty," he said, "take this rose. Little do you know how that rose will cost your unhappy father his life. " And he related his

adventure with the Beast.

“给，美女，”他说，“给你这朵玫瑰。你不知道这朵玫瑰将怎样使你不幸的父亲丢掉性命。”于是他把遭遇野兽的事说了一遍。

[6] Beauty immediately insisted on returning to the home of the Beast to save her father's life and would hear no arguments. On the day of her departure her sisters rubbed their eyes with onions, pretending to be sad that she was

leaving and would probably die.

美女立刻坚持要去野兽家，以此来救她父亲的命，而且不愿听任何劝阻。在离开家的那一天，她的姐姐们用洋葱抹眼睛，为她的离开并且很可能丢掉性命而假装悲

伤。

[7] When the merchant and Beauty arrived at

the palace, it was lit exactly as before. The fire was roaring and the table was magnificently set. "Oh, the Beast intends to fatten me before he kills me," thought Beauty. Despite her fears she acted cheerful and brave for her father. Suddenly they heard a horrible noise, and the Beast appeared. "Have you come here willingly?" the Beast asked. "Yes," trembled Beauty. "Good, then say farewell to your father." The grief-stricken merchant was thus forced to leave his daughter and return home. 当商人和美女到达那所宫殿时，灯火依旧通明。火旺旺地烧着，桌子上摆满了精美佳肴。“哦，野兽想先把我养肥了再杀死我，”美女想。尽管害怕，为了父亲她仍然表现得振作而又勇敢。突然他们听到一个可怕的声音，野兽出现了。“你是心甘情愿

到这儿来的吗?”野兽问。“是的，”美女哆嗦着说。“好，那就和你的父亲道别吧。”

悲痛欲绝的商人就这样被迫离开女儿回家

了。

[8] Beauty was sure that the Beast would eat her that night. She was surprised to find "Beauty's Apartment" engraved on a gold plate over the door of her bedroom. The room was full of magnificent furniture and the shelves were lined with all the books that she loved. There was a piano for her to play. Inside

one of the books was written,

Welcome Beauty, banish fear, You are queen

and mistress here.

Speak your wishes, speak your will, Swift obedience meets them still. 美女肯定野兽会在那天晚上把她吃掉。（因此）当她发现卧室门的上方有一块刻着“美女房间”的金牌子时非常惊讶。

房间里到处是华丽的家具，书架上排列着所有她爱看

的书。还有一架钢琴供她弹奏。其中一本

书里还写着： 欢迎美女，不要害怕， 你是这儿的王后、

这儿的主人。

说出你的愿望，说出你的意愿， 你的心愿，马上就会实现。 [9] "With all this magnificence, I don't suppose the Beast will eat me soon," she said,

and felt less afraid.

“这一切都这么豪华，我想野兽不会很快吃掉我的，”她说，于是她不太害怕了。 [10] The next night the Beast came to the dinner table and said, "Beauty, will you let me watch you eat? If my presence bothers you I will leave. Tell me, do you think I am very ugly?" And Beauty said, "Yes," because she 第二天晚上野兽来到餐桌前说：“美女，能让我看着你吃饭好吗?如果我在场会打扰你，我就离开。告诉我，你是否觉得我很丑?”美女说“是的”，因为她不会说谎，但她补充说：“但我认为你心地非常善良。”

could not lie, however she added, "but I think you are very good-natured." They talked, and Beauty started to feel very calm until the Beast said, "Beauty, will you be my wife?" Although she did not want to make the Beast angry, she said, "No." The Beast began to howl and sadly said, "Then, farewell, Beauty,"

and left the room.

他们交谈着，美女开始感觉镇定多了，这时，野兽说：“美女，你愿意嫁给我吗?”尽管美女不想让野兽生气，但她还是说：

“不愿意。

”野兽开始哀号并且伤心地说“那么，再见，美女，”然后离开了。

[11] For three months the same thing happened each night at dinner. Beauty began to look forward to these visits and lost her fear of the Beast's deformity, but every night, before he left, he asked the same question:

"Beauty, will you be my wife?"

三个月的时间里，每天吃晚饭时都发生同样的事情。美女开始期待这些见面，而且野兽的丑陋所引起的恐惧感也消失了，但是每天晚上，在离开之前，野兽都问同样的问题：“美女，你愿意嫁给我吗?” [12] "Oh, Beast, I wish I could consent to marry you. I shall always consider you a great friend, but I do not love you."

“哦，野兽，我要是能同意嫁给你就好了。我会永远把你当作我很要好的朋友，但是

我并不爱你。”

[13] "But will you promise to never leave

me?" the Beast asked.

“但是你能答应永远不离开我吗?”野兽问。

[14] "Oh, Beast, I am so worried about my dear father, and I miss him so."

“哦，野兽，我非常担心我亲爱的父亲，我

也非常想他。”

[15] "Ah, then you will leave, and the Beast will die of grief."

“啊，那你会离开我，而我这个野兽会伤心

而死的。”

[16] "Oh, no," said Beauty. "If you let me visit my father, I promise I will return and live with you forever."

“哦，不，”美女说道，“如果你让我去看望我父亲一次，我一定会回来和你永远生活

在一起。”

[17] "You shall be there tomorrow," said the Beast. "But remember, when you wish to return to me, you must lay your ring on the

table before you go to bed."

“你明天就会在家里了，”野兽说。“但是记住，当你想回到我这儿时，你必须在上床

睡觉前把戒指放在桌子上。”

[18] The next morning, when Beauty awoke, she found herself in her father's home, and her room was filled with chests of gold and elegant silk gowns from the Beast. Everyone was

overjoyed to see her except her cold-hearted sisters. They were consumed with jealousy, nevertheless they pretended to be happy and begged her to stay as long as she could. On the tenth night Beauty had a dream in which she saw the Beast lying in his garden, dying. She awoke in tears. "Oh, how ungrateful I am. Is it his fault that he is so very ugly? He has 第二天早晨，当美女醒来时，发觉自己已在父亲家里，而且房间里满是一箱箱的金子和漂亮高雅的绸缎礼服，都是野兽送给她的。除了两个狠心的姐姐，所有人见了

她都十分高兴。两个姐姐嫉妒难耐，却装作非常高兴，

请求妹妹能住多久就住多久。第十天晚上美女做了一个梦，梦中她看见野兽躺在花园里，快要死了。她从梦中哭醒过来。“哦，我多么忘恩负义啊！他长得丑陋是他的错吗?他一直对我那样温和，那样慷慨。原先我为什么不同意嫁给他呢?”于是她下床，把戒指放到桌上，然后又回

been so kind and generous to me. Why did I not consent to marry him?" Then she got out of bed, put her ring on the table, and went back to sleep. The next morning she awoke in the Beast's castle. She put on her most beautiful gown and waited for him to come. After dinner, when he still hadn't appeared, she remembered the dream and ran to the garden, where she found him lying on the ground, almost dead. She bent over him, crying and hugging him. "Oh, Beast, please do not die! Live and be my husband." At those words she saw bright flashes of light and heard music, and, instead of the hideous beast, she saw one of the loveliest princes that she had ever laid eyes on. He thanked her for putting an end to the horrible spell that had been cast over him by a wicked witch. Then a fairy appeared waving a wand, and Beauty's entire family appeared. The fairy smiled and said,

"Beauty, you have made a wise choice because you have chosen virtue over beauty. You and the prince shall live happily ever after." Then the fairy turned to Beauty's two sisters and said, "You who are so consumed by envy and jealousy, you will be transformed into two statues of stone but still retain your reason. You will stand at the door of Beauty's castle, and it will be your punishment to observe her daily happiness until the day you

die." ( 1,514 words) 到床上睡着了。第二天早晨醒来时她已在野兽的城堡里了。她穿上最漂亮的礼服，等待野兽到来。晚饭过后，野兽仍然没有露面，这时她想起了那个梦，急忙跑到花园里，发现野兽躺在地上，就要死了。她

伏在他身上，拥抱着他大哭。“哦，野兽，请不要死! 活下来做我的丈夫。”她一说完这些话，只见眼前光芒闪耀，还有音乐声，她看到的不是丑陋不堪的野兽，而是她所能见到的最英俊的王子。王子被一个邪恶的女巫用可怕的符咒把他镇住，美女把它解除了，王子向她表示感谢。接着，出现了一位拿着魔杖的仙女，然后是美女的全家人。仙女微笑着说：“美女，你做了一个聪明的选择，（因为）你选择了美德而不是美貌。从今以后，你要和王子一起幸福地生活了。”然后仙女转向美女的两个姐姐说：“你们两个满心嫉妒的人，你们将变作两个石像但却仍具有思考能力。你们将站在美女城堡的门前，看着她每天幸福地生活，直到你们死去的那一天。这是对你们

的惩罚。”

Thief

小偷

Robley Wilson, Jr.

[1] He is waiting at the airline ticket counter when he first notices the young woman. She

has glossy black hair pulled tightly into a knot at the back of her head—the man imagines it loosened and falling to the small of her back—and carries over the shoulder of her leather coat a heavy black purse. She wears black boots of soft leather. He struggles to see her face—she is ahead of him in line—but it is not until she has bought her ticket and turns to walk away that he realizes her beauty, which is pale and dark-eyed and full-mouthed, and which quickens his heartbeat. She seems aware that he is staring at her and lowers her

gaze abruptly. 他最早注意到那位年轻女子是在航空售票处排队的时候。她那头油黑的头发在脑后紧紧地盘了个髻——他想象着发髻松开来，头发一直落到她的腰际的样子——她

身穿皮衣，肩上挎着一个沉甸甸的黑色包。她脚上穿着一双软皮的黑靴子。他努力想看看她的脸（她排在他的前面），但是一直到她买好票转身走的时候，他才发现她有多美：白皙的皮肤，黑黑的眼睛，饱满的双唇。她的美令他心跳加快。她似乎意识到了他在注视着她，马上垂下了目光。

[2] The airline clerk interrupts. The man gives up looking at the woman—he thinks she may be about twenty-five—and buys a round-trip, coach class ticket to an eastern city. 售票员打断了他。他不再盯着那女子，买了一张去东部某城市的双程经济舱机票，心里想着：那女子可能二十五岁左右。

[3] His flight leaves in an hour. To kill time, the man steps into one of the airport cocktail bars and orders a Scotch and water. While he sips it he watches the flow of travelers through the terminal—including a remarkable number, he thinks, of unmarried pretty women dressed in fashion magazine clothes—until he catches sight of the black-haired girl in the leather coat. She is standing near a Travelers Aid counter, deep in conversation with a second girl, a blonde in a cloth coat trimmed with gray fur. He wants somehow to attract the brunette's attention, to invite her to have a 他的航班一个小时后才起飞。为了打发时间，他进了机场的一家鸡尾酒吧，要了一

杯加水苏格兰威士忌。他一边呷着威士忌，一边观察着候机厅中穿梭的人流，其中好多在他看来是穿着时髦的未婚漂亮女子。然后他又看见了那位穿皮衣的黑发女子。她正站在旅客服务台附近，专心与一个金发女郎交谈，那女子穿了一件镶灰色皮毛的全棉外套。不知怎么的，他想吸引这位深色头发的女子的注意, 邀请她在飞往她要去的地方——不管是哪儿——之前一起喝一杯。然而，尽管他一度认为她在朝自己这边看，他却不能透过暮色中的酒吧，

drink with him before her own flight leaves for wherever she is traveling, but even though he believes for a moment she is looking his way he cannot catch her eye from out of the shadows of the bar. In another instant the two women separate; neither of their directions is toward him. He orders a second Scotch and

water. 与她的目光相遇。一转眼的功夫，那两位女子已分开了，没有一个朝他走来。他又要了一杯加水苏格兰威士忌。

[4] When next he sees her, he is buying a

magazine to read during the flight and he becomes aware that someone is pushing him. At first he is startled that anyone would be so close as to touch him, but when he sees who it

is he musters a smile. 再见到她时，他正在买一份飞机上看的杂志。意识到有人在推自己，他先是吓了一跳：居然有人会靠近得碰到自己！但是当他看清是谁时，挤出一个笑容。

[5] "Busy place," he says. “这地方真拥挤！”他说。

[6] She looks up at him—Is she blushing?—and an odd grimace crosses her mouth and vanishes. She moves away from him and joins the crowds in the terminal. 那女子抬头看看他——脸红了吗？——她怪怪地撇了一下嘴角，但很快就恢复了正常。然后她离开他，汇入了候机厅的人流

之中。

[7] The man is at the counter with his

magazine, but when he reaches into his back pocket for his wallet the pocket is empty. Where could I have lost it? He thinks. His mind begins enumerating the credit cards, the currency, the membership and identification cards; his stomach churns with something very like fear. The girl who was so near to me, he thinks—and all at once he understands that she has picked his pocket. 那男人还拿着杂志站在柜台前，但当他伸

手到裤子后兜掏钱包时，却发现兜已空了。我会在什么地方丢了钱包呢？他想。他在心中开始清点（钱包里的）信用卡、现金、会员证和身份证；一种类似恐惧的东西使他的胃剧烈翻腾起来。那个靠我非常近的女子，他在想——他顿时明白了是她偷了

自己的钱包。

[8] What is he to do? He still has his ticket, safely tucked inside his coat—he reaches into the jacket to feel the envelope, to make sure. He can take the flight, call someone to pick him up at his destination—since he cannot even afford bus fare—conduct his business and fly home. But in the meantime he will have to do something about the lost credit

cards—call home, have his wife get the numbers out of the top desk drawer, phone the card companies—so difficult a process, the whole thing suffocating. What shall he do? 他该做什么呢？他的机票还在，安全地藏在上衣的内兜里——为了证实一下，他把手伸进茄克摸了摸装票的信封。他可以乘坐这个航班，到了目的地后，打电话叫人来接——因为他连公共汽车票也买不起了——然后办完生意，就飞回家。但在这期间，他还得处理一下失窃的信用卡——打电话回家，让妻子从桌子的第一个抽屉里找到号码，再打电话给信用卡公司——这程序真费劲，整个事情都让人感到憋气。

他该怎么办呢？

[9] First: Find a policeman, tell what has happened, describe the young woman; damn 首先：找到一个警察，告诉他所发生的事，向他描述那女人。该死的，他想，做出关

her, he thinks, for seeming to be attentive to him, to let herself stand so close to him, to blush prettily when he spoke —and all the time she wanted only to steal from him. And her blush was not shyness but the anxiety of being caught; that was most disturbing of all. Damned deceitful creatures. He will spare the policeman the details —just tell what she has done, what is in the wallet. He grits his teeth. He will probably never see his wallet again. 注他的样子，如此地与他靠近，在他说话时又脸红得如此迷人——一直想的却是偷他的钱包。她脸红不是害羞的缘故，而是担心被抓住，这才是最叫人心烦的。骗人的家伙，都见鬼去吧。他会对警察略去这

些细节——只把她所做的事以及钱包里有

些什么东西告诉警察。他咬牙切齿。他很

可能再也见不到自己的钱包了。

[10] He is trying to decide if he should save time by talking to a guard near the X-ray

machines when he is appalled —and extremely happy —to see the black-haired girl. She is seated against a front window of the terminal, taxis and private cars moving slowly beyond her in the gathering darkness; she seems interested in a book. A seat beside her is

empty, and the man occupies it. 他正在犹豫是否应节省时间去跟X 光仪器

旁的警卫谈时，却吃惊地——又极端高兴地——见到了那位黑发女子。她正背靠着候机厅正面的一扇玻璃窗坐着，出租车和私家车在越来越暗的暮色中慢慢地从她身后驶过；她似乎正专心在看一本书。她旁边的位置是空的，他就过去坐了下来。 [11] "I've been looking for you," he says. “我一直在找你，”他说。

[12] She glances at him with no sort of recognition. "I don't know you," she says.

她瞥了他一眼，没有任何认识他的表情。

“我不认识你，”她说。 [13] "Sure you do."

“你当然认识。”

[14] She sighs and puts the book aside. "Is this all you characters think about —picking up girls like we were stray animals? What do you think I am?"

她叹了一口气，把书放在一边。“你们这些人所能想的是不是就是结交我们这样的女子，把我们当成是迷途的动物？你以为我

是干什么的？”

[15] "You lifted my wallet," he says. He is pleased to have said "lifted," thinking it sounds more worldly than stole or took or

even ripped off.

“你掏走了我的钱包，”他说。他很高兴自己用了“掏走”。这听起来要比“偷走”，“夺

走”，甚至“抢走”要老练得多。 [16] "I beg your pardon?" the girl says. “你说什么？”那女子问道。

[17] "I know you did —at the magazine counter. If you'll just give it back, we can forget the whole thing. If you don't, then I'll

hand you over to the police."

“我知道你拿了——就在杂志摊前。如果你把它还给我，我们可以把这整件事忘了。

不然的话，我就将你交给警察。”

[18] She studies him, her face serious, "All right," she says. She pulls the black bag onto her lap, reaches into it and draws out a wallet.

她审视着他，表情严肃。“好吧，”她说。她把黑包提到膝上，手伸进去拿出了一个钱包。

[19] He takes it from her. "Wait a minute," he says. "This isn't mine."

他接过了钱包。“等一等，”他说。“这不是

我的。”

[20] The girl runs; he runs after her. It is like 那女孩跑了，他向她追去。就像电影里的

a scene in a movie—bystanders scattering, the girl zigzagging to avoid collisions, the sound of his own breathing reminding him how old he is—until he hears a woman's voice behind

him: 场景一样：旁观者纷纷散开，那女孩为了避免碰撞左拐右拐。他的喘息声提醒他自己有多老了。然后他听到后面有个女人的

声音在喊：

[21] "Stop, thief! Stop that man!" “站住，小偷！抓住他！”

[22] Ahead of him the brunette disappears

around a corner and in the same moment a young man in a marine uniform puts out a foot to trip him up. He falls hard, banging knee and elbow on the tile floor of the terminal, but manages to hang on to the wallet which is not

his. 他前面的黑发女子在一个拐角处消失了，同时，一位穿海军制服的年轻人伸出一条腿绊倒了他。他重重地摔倒了，膝盖和肘部都磕在了候机厅的瓷砖地上，但依然紧紧抓着那不属于他的钱包。

[23] The wallet is a woman's, fat with money and credit cards from different stores, and it belongs to the blonde in the fur-trimmed

coat—the blonde he has earlier seen in conversation with the criminal brunette. She, too, is breathless, as is the policeman with

her. 这是个女式钱包，鼓鼓地塞满了钱和各大商店的信用卡。它是那位穿着镶有灰色皮

毛衣服的金发女郎的，就是他见过的那位，当时正在与这位偷钱包的黑发女子交谈。她也上气不接下气，跟她一起的警察也一

样气喘吁吁的。

[24] "That's him," the blonde girl says. "He

lifted my wallet." “就是他，”那女郎说道，“他拿走了我的钱

包。”

[25] It occurs to the man that he cannot even

prove his own identity to the policeman. 他此时才想到自己连向这位警察证明身份的事都不可能做到。

[26] Two weeks later—the embarrassment

and rage have diminished, the family lawyer has been paid, the confusion in his household has receded—the wallet turns up without explanation in one morning's mail. It is intact, no money is missing, all the cards are in place. Though he is relieved, the man thinks that for the rest of his life he will feel guilty around policemen, and ashamed in the presence of

women. ( 1,148 words) 两个星期后——尴尬和气愤已经消了，家庭律师的费用付了，家中的混乱也平息了

——这时，却在早晨的邮件里发现了钱包，没有任何说明。它完好无损，一分钱也没丢，所有的卡都还在原来的地方。虽然他松了一口气，但他认为在余生里，自己只要遇上警察就会有犯罪感，而在女人面前

则会感到羞愧难当。

Summer Job Planning

暑期打工计划

本文1--3段以前考过

[1] Assuming that you know what you want

to do after college—and you may be considered shortsighted these days if you have not picked a career by the time you enter college—you should start thinking about a job even before you graduate. 假设你知道自己大学毕业后想干什么（现今，如果进了大学你还没选中一种职业，也许会被看成目光短浅），你早在毕业前就应该考虑找一份工作了。

[2] What companies or organizations have the job you want? Let's say you majored in

English or history and you want to write a great novel. You need a job to support and educate you. You have to select from a list of several possibilities, not unlike choosing an option from the "menu" on the screen of a personal computer. Your options might

include:

A. Working for a publishing company

B. Writing for a scientific company

C. Working for a public relations firm

D. Going to graduate school to postpone the

decision

E. None of these 假定你的专业是英文或历史，你想要写一部了不起的小说，那么你需要一份工作来支付生活和教育费用。你必须从一系列的可能性中进行选择，就像你从个人电脑屏幕的“菜单”中挑一个选项一样。

你可能有下列选项：

A．到一家出版公司工作

B. 给一家科技公司当笔杆子

C. 到一家公关公司工作

D. 读研究生，先不做决定

E．其他

[3] If you select option A, for example, it would be a good idea to write letters while

you are in college to a dozen or more publishing houses and ask for an interview with the personnel director. If you happen to have a contact such as an editor who might be willing to meet with you, so much the

better. 假如你选中A，有一个好主意，就是在大学期间就向十几家出版社写信，请求与人事主管面谈。假如你碰巧有个熟人是编辑，而他愿意见你，那样的话敢情更好。

[4] Make every effort to have an interview. You should be familiar with the company before your interview and your aim should be to express to the personnel manager your 要想方设法争取面试机会。在面试前你应该熟悉这家公司，而面试的目的是向人事经理表达自己在这家公司工作的兴趣。你可以打听是否能做暑期工(可能的话，要有

interest in working for the company. You might ask if a summer job (with pay, if possible) or an internship is available. In many cases interns do receive a small stipend; in others no pay is offered. 酬劳)或实习生。在很多情况下实习生有少量薪水，但也有无报酬的情况。

[5] It is important at this stage of your life to

find a summer job that will enhance your future career. If you cannot find one in your field, then the alternative is to take another type of summer job—lifeguard, housepainter, landscaper, waitress, or worker in a retail store or supermarket. These jobs tend to pay quite well, and you can save enough for many college expenses. That aspect has to be weighed against the fact that they might not help your career plans. Any summer job that requires hard work and a certain amount of responsibility is good for your résumé.

Naturally if the job is career-oriented, it

makes better reading. 在人生的这一阶段，找一个能促进未来事业的暑期工作很重要。如果在自己的专业领域找不到工作，那么你可以选另一类暑期工作——救生员、房屋油漆工、园林工、女招待、或者零售店或超市的工作人员。这些工作通常薪酬优厚，你可以存下足够的钱应付大学里的很多开销；但这些工作可能无助于你的择业规划，你必须在这两个方面权衡一下。任何一个需要你付出艰苦努力以及要求有一定责任心的暑期工作，写在你的简历上都是好的。要是这份工作与将来的事业相关，你的简历看起来

自然就更吸引人。

[6] One day on the commuter train, I was sitting in front of two high school girls, and

one said to the other, "My college education won't cost my father one cent. At least I don't think so." She explained that she had been working weekends, summers, and Christmas and spring vacations as a waitress in a restaurant. Her tips were so good she had saved up $10,000. She planned to go to Rutgers University, commuting from home. If she continued working through college she figured she could graduate without debt and

go to graduate school. 有一天，在上下班乘坐的火车上，我坐在两位女中学生的前面。其中一个女孩对另一个说：“我上大学不会花我父亲一分钱。至少我觉得不会。”她解释说，周末、暑假、圣诞节和春假她都在一家餐馆当服务员。她的小费很可观，她已存下了一万美元。她计划上拉特格斯大学，住在家里走读。如果她在大学期间继续打工，她估计不用借债就能毕业并上研究生院。

[7] When I started looking for a summer job in college I found that the only organization that would hire me (except for restaurants) was Filene's, the big Boston department store that operated a summer branch on Cape Cod, where my family vacationed. During my freshman year at college I paid a visit to the Northampton, Mass. branch, a year-round

operation. I asked for a job selling on Saturdays and a job the following summer. I 我在大学期间开始寻找暑期工作的时候，我发现除餐馆外唯一愿意雇我的单位是法林百货公司——波士顿的一家大百货公司，它在科德角开了家夏季分店，我的家人就在那儿度假。我在大学一年级时，去过马萨诸塞州北安普敦的分店，是全年营业的。我申请在周六以及接下来的暑假当售货员，当场就被录用了。那年夏天，北安普敦分店的经理负责管理科德角分店的夏季营业，她要我过去做营业员。

was hired on the spot. The following summer the manager of the Northampton shop

assumed management of the Cape Cod branch for the summer, and she asked me to come along as a salesgirl.

[8] All through college I earned expense money by working for Filene's on the Cape during the summer months and on Saturdays

and sale days during the college year. I also planned and wrote copy for the advertisements that Filene's ran in our college newspaper during the winter, and an art major did the drawings based on my ideas. By the time I was a senior I knew that I did not want to go into retailing, but it was my hedge against the future. I knew from conversations with the store manager that if I could not find a newspaper reporting job I could find a spot on the Filene's training squad, and use that step toward a writing job. —From The New York Times Career Planner

( 702 words) 大学期间，我都为法林公司在科德角的分店工作，包括暑期、学期当中的周六和大减价时，赚取了我整个大学期间的生活支

出。冬季法林公司在我校校报上刊登广告，我为其构思编写广告词，一位绘画专业的学生按我的设想配图。当我读到大四的时候，我知道自己不想从事零售业，但它是我未来谋生的应急手段。我在与商店经理的谈话中了解到，如果我找不到报刊记者的工作，我可以在法林公司培训小组得到一个职位，并以此为跳板从事写作。

Foreign Accents

外国口音

本文第4, 5段以前考过

Section One

[1] As far as I'm concerned, I do tend to judge people I meet by their accents. I don't mean that I'm a sort of snob, and only like people with upper-class accents, but I never feel comfortable with a new person until I've been able to place them from the way they speak. If it's an English person, I feel much more at ease if I can say "Ah, he comes from Liverpool", or "He's probably been to a public school". I suppose then I know what to talk about and what to expect from the other

person.

第一节

对我来说，我的确倾向于以口音来判断我所遇到的人。我并不是说自己是势利小人，只喜欢有上流社会口音的人；但是，跟一个新结识的人在一起，我从来都不会感到自在，只有在我能够根据他们说的话判断出他们是哪里人之后，感觉才会不同。如果是个英国人，我还能判断出“啊，他是利物浦人”，或者“他可能上过公立学校”，我就会觉得更自在。这样我就知道该和他谈些什么以及他能够告诉我些什么。

[2] The same is true of foreigners.

Personally, I prefer a foreigner to speak with a recognizable foreign accent, so that I know that I'm talking to a Frenchman, a Ghanaian, a Pole, and so on. So for me, it seems a bit pointless for foreigners to try desperately hard to get rid of their national accent and try to speak BBC English. If someone is clearly French, I know there's no point in talking about cricket or making jokes about the Irish. And frankly, I think it even sounds more attractive. I can't really explain why, but if a person has a foreign accent, they seem to be more interesting, even if they are saying the

most ordinary things. （如果）对方是外国人，也一样。就个人而言，我喜欢外国人说话带点明显的口音，这样我就知道自己是在和法国人、加纳人、波兰人或别的什么国家的人交谈。所以对我来说，外国人花大力气改掉自己的本族语口音，想方设法去说标准英语，似乎是毫无意义的。如果对方很明显是法国人，我就知道没有必要（与他）谈论板球或开爱尔兰人的玩笑。坦率地说，我觉得外国口音更吸引人。我无法解释为什么，但如果说话者带有外国口音，那么即便是说最最普通的事，也会显得妙趣横生。

Section Two

[3] Mind you, there is a limit to intelligibility.

第二节

尽管如此，（口音）得有个限度，要能让

If the accent is so strong that you have a struggle to understand what they are trying to say, then that gets in the way of the conversation, and the flow is broken while you try to sort out the sounds into meaningful bits. I don't mean an accent as strong as that. I'm talking about the kind of accent whereby you can tell immediately which country the person comes from, but which doesn't prevent you from following what they are saying. I suppose it's the kind of accent most foreigners have, really. To be honest, it's only a very few who have such a good ear that they produce more or less genuine British

English, and even then it can be quite amusing because they may have picked up a clearly regional accent, or even a very upper-class accent which doesn't fit in with their character at all. But most foreigners who learn English are desperately keen to get rid of their foreign accents and waste a lot of

time trying to do so.人听懂。如果口音太重，你非得费劲地去弄明白对方想要说什么，就会妨碍谈话的进行，而且交谈也就无法连贯，（因为）你得设法把对方的声音整理成能够明白的话语。我所指的并非是这么重的口音，而是那种让你马上明白对方是哪国人，但又不妨碍你听懂他的话的那种口音。我认为大多数外国人都有这样的口音，真的。老实说，只有极少数听觉特别灵敏、模仿能力极强的人才能说还算纯正的英国英语。即使能够那样，他们的英语听起来也会很好笑，因为他们可能学会的是一种非常明显的地方口音，甚至是与自己的气质特点完全不相称的上流社会口音。但是大多数学英语的外国人都非常热衷于去掉自己的外国口音，并且为此浪费了很多时间。

Section Three

[4] On the other hand, I've got to sympathize with them and even admire them, because I speak quite reasonable French myself, and I'm always very pleased when I'm taken for a Frenchman and feel quite discouraged when someone immediately spots that I'm English. But there again, to my ear, French spoken with an English accent sounds really ugly, and I feel uncomfortable when I hear a fellow countryman murdering the language. So I suppose foreigners feel the same way when they hear compatriots doing the same to English. However, I have been told by French friends that French spoken with a certain degree of English accent doesn't offend their ears at all, and in fact sounds quite charming.

I've been told that Petula Clark was a successful singer in France partly because of her English accent, and I suppose that one of the most celebrated French speakers of

第三节

换一个角度来看，我得理解他们，甚至钦佩他们。因为我自己法语说得还可以，如果别人以为我是法国人，我就感到很开心，如果别人一听就知道我是英国人，我也会感到很泄气。同样的，对我来说，带英国口音的法语实在是太难听了，而且当我听自己的同胞在糟蹋法语时，总是感到很不自在。所以我想外国人听到自己的同胞说蹩脚英语时，也会有同感的。然而，法国朋友告诉我，略带英国口音的法语丝毫不会令他们感到难受，相反，还相当动听呢。我还听说佩特拉?克拉克之所以能在法国成为成功的歌手，部分原因是因为她的英国口音。所以我想，最著名的说英语的法国人之一，就是那位叫莫里斯·谢瓦利埃的演员，他靠一口明显的法语口音成就了一番事业。其实若他愿意，他也许可以不带

那么重的口音。

English was that actor, Maurice Chevalier, who made a career out of sounding French and who could probably have spoken it with much less of an accent if he had really wanted

to.

[5] I contrast him with a French friend of mine who obviously had a gift for languages,

and was always being taken for a

well-educated Englishman when I was with him in England. Because of the way he spoke, my English friends assumed he knew all about certain facets of English life which you can only learn by living in the country for years. So he often had to ask me to explain things to him after an evening in the pub. I don't know how much time he had spent getting his accent right, but perhaps he could have spent his time better broadening his vocabulary and knowledge of the country. Now that English is such an international language, I think we should accept a wider range of accents and learners should

concentrate more on structure and

vocabulary than accent. ( 728 words) 我把他和我的一个显然很有语言天赋的法国朋友进行对比。我的这个法国朋友和我一起在英国的时候，总被人误认为是受过良好教育的英国人。因为他的说话方式，我的英国朋友便以为他对英国生活的某些方面非常了解，而这些只有在英国生活多年才会了解的。因而夜里从酒吧回来以后，他经常得让我解释一些事情给他听。我不知道他花了多少时间纠正口音，但或许他更应该花时间扩大词汇量和加强对英国的了解。既然英语是这样一种国际性的语言，我认为我们应该接受更多的口音，而学习者更应该注重（语言）结构和词汇的学习而不是口音（的纯正）。

Animals on the Job

从事工作的动物们

Lynda Jones

Animals not only make good pets, they sometimes make perfect workers—if they have the right traits and training.

动物不仅能成为很好的宠物，有时还能成为干活的好手——只要它们具备合适的特长并训练得当。

[1] Every morning, Allie wakes up and accompanies her friend to the washroom. She turns on the light, soaps up a washcloth, and begins cleaning her friend's face. Is Allie an extremely devoted companion? Yes! Allie is a capuchin monkey who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks. 每天早晨，阿莉醒来后就陪她的朋友到盥洗室。她打开灯，把毛巾打上肥皂，然后开始给她朋友洗脸。阿莉是个特别尽心的伙伴吗？是的。阿莉是一只僧帽猴，每天帮助她的残疾朋友料理日常生

活。

[2] Monkeys like Allie are just one of many kinds

of animals that help improve—or even save—human lives. But not all animals are suited to do every job. Certain animals are "hired" for specific jobs based on their traits, or characteristics. By using different methods of conditioning (training animals to act in a particular way in response to a stimulus, or signal), humans can teach animals to perform

extraordinary tasks. 许多动物能帮助人们改善生活，甚至拯救人的生命，像阿莉这样的猴子只是这些动物中的一种。但并不是所有的动物都适合做各种工作。要根据动物各自的特长或特点，“雇用”它们来做特定的工作。通过不同的条件反射作用（训练动物对某种刺激物或信号作出特定的反应），人们能教动物执行一些特殊的任

务。

[3] Throughout history, humans have relied on

animals' traits to get certain jobs done. For example, compared with humans, dogs are "far superior at tracking down odors," says Marian Bailey, an animal behaviorist at Henderson State University in Arkansas. That's because dogs have millions of olfactory receptors, or smell

nerves, in their noses. 有史以来，人类一直依赖动物的特长完成某些工作。例如，阿肯色州亨德森州立大学的动物行为学家玛丽安?贝利说，与人相比，狗“追踪气味的本领要高超得多”。那是因为狗的鼻子里有数百万个嗅觉感受器，或嗅觉神经。

[4] For that reason, hunters used dogs to track 正因如此，早在古埃及时，猎人就用狗

大学英语泛读第三版book213.全文翻译

After Twenty Years O'Henry 二十年以后 欧亨利 The policeman on the beat moved up the avenue impressively. The impressiveness was habitual and not for show, for spectators were few. The time was barely 10 o'clock at night, but chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh depeopled the streets. 一个执勤的警察正沿街巡逻，很认真，他一直都这样认真，并不是做给谁看的。差不多是晚上十点了，街上行人寥寥无几，冷风飕飕地吹着，有种雨水的味道。 Trying doors as he went, twirling his club with many intricate and artful movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eye adown the pacific thoroughfare, the officer, with his stalwart form and slight swagger, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace. The vicinity was one that kept early hours. Now and then you might see the lights of a cigar store or of an all-night lunch counter; but the majority of the doors belonged to business places that had long since been closed. 他灵巧地来回转着手里的警棍，每家每户都仔细查看，警觉的目光不时地投向安静的街道，这个警察，身材强壮，昂首阔步，俨然一个和平守护者。附近的街区睡得都早，偶尔能看见一个雪茄店或通宵餐馆还亮着灯，其他的店铺早就打烊了。 When about midway of a certain block the policeman suddenly slowed his walk. In the doorway of a darkened hardware store a man leaned, with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. As the policeman walked up to him the man spoke up quickly. 走到街区中间时，警察突然放慢了脚步，他看见五金店门口站着一个人，嘴里叼着雪茄，没点着，正向他走过去时，这个人立马开口说话了。 "It's all right, officer," he said, reassuringly. "I'm just waiting for a friend. It's an appointment made twenty years ago. Sounds a little funny to you, doesn't it Well, I'll explain if you'd like to make certain it's all straight. About that long ago there used to be a restaurant

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UNIT14 你怎么知道艺术品的优劣? 玛丽亚·曼尼丝 你喜欢艺术吗？你能说出哪些艺术品好哪些不好？是否存在评价艺术的标准？读一读下面这篇文章，看看玛丽亚·曼尼丝如何回答这样的问题。 设想没有评论家告诉我们，对一幅画，一个剧本或一段新乐曲怎样反应。设想我们无意间步入一个未署名油画的画展。我们依据什么标准，依据什么价值来评判它们是优是劣，是天才的还是没有天才的，是成功还是失败?我们又怎能知道自己的想法是正确的? 近十五或二十年来，艺术的批评与欣赏流行否认任何合理标准的存在，使“好”与“坏”成了无关紧要，无足轻重、无可适用的字眼。我们被告知，根本不存在先通过知识与经验获得，然后加在讨论的对象上的一套标准这回事。这一直是受到欢迎的方法，因为它解除了评论家评判的责任，公众也无须知识。它迎合那些不愿受规则约束的人，称头脑空虚者为开明来讨好他们，并使不知所措的人得到安慰。在民主平等之旗的掩护下--当然不是我们祖先所说的那种平等--它实际是在说：“你是谁，要来告诉我们什么是好，什么是坏?”这与大众传媒制作者的一贯伎俩如出一辙。他们坚持认为，由公众而不是由他们决定的它想要听和看的什么，而评论家说这个节目好而这个节目不好，这纯粹是个人趣味的反应。没有谁表达这一哲学，比近来弗兰克·斯丹坦博士，哥伦比亚广播电视公司极其睿智的总裁更为简明。在联邦通讯委员会的一次听证会上，他在接受询问时漏出此言：“一人眼里的平庸之作，却是另一人的佳作。” 最妙不过的说法是：“没有一个标准是绝对的”。造成这种放任观念的另一重要因素是：畏惧感----所有艺术形式的观察者们都有唯恐猜错的担心。这种担心极易遇到，谁没有听说当初饱受世人指摘的艺术家后来被称为大师？每个时期都有一些评判者，他们不和时代一起前进，无法区分进化和革命，风行一时的时尚、业余的实验与深刻的必然的变化之间的区别。谁愿意作出这样严重的判断错误而贻笑大方?安全得多，当然也容易得多的做法是：看着一幅画，一个剧本或一首诗，说道：“它很难懂，但也许很好”；或者干脆把它当作新形式加以欢迎。“新的”这个词--尤其在我们这个国度--具有魔力般的涵义。凡是新的都是好的；而旧的则极可能是不好的。如果评论家能用无人理解的语言描述新事物，那么他就更为安全。倘若他掌握了说话的艺术，用精巧复杂的言辞，却什么也没说，日后就无人能够说他曾经说过什么。 但是我认为，所有这一切实质上都是对评判责任的背弃。艺术家在创作中表现自己，而你则在欣赏中有自己的承诺。毕竟还是观众成就了艺术。欣赏的气氛对于艺术的繁荣不可或缺。公众的期望愈高，艺术家的表现就愈好。相反，只有被评论家误导的社会，才会在这几年把既不是艺术也不是文学的东西当做艺术和文学接受。如果一件东西没有了，一切也就没有了，而在废物堆最底层的是被抛弃的标准。 但这些标准究竟是什么?你怎样得到它们?你如何知道它们是正确的?你又如何能在这许多不可捉摸的东西，包括最不可捉摸的自我本身，理清出一个清晰的模式? 首先，很明显，你愈是多读、多看、多听，你将愈好地被装备起来实践建立在所有的理解与判断之上的联想艺术。愈是见多识广，愈能深刻意识到一个连贯一致的规律--犹如星辰、潮汐、呼吸、白昼黑夜一般具有普遍性--存在于万事万物中。我把这一规律与这一节奏称为一种秩序。并非秩序，而是一种秩序。其中存在着变化万千的各种形式。其外则是混乱--疯狂的毁灭因素----病态。最终应由你来区分健康的多样性与病态的混乱，而不运用联想的过程是无法做到的。没有联想的过程，你就不能将莫扎特乐曲的一节和维米尔油画的一角，斯特拉文斯基的乐谱与毕加索的抽象画，或者一个挑衅性的行为与弗兰茨·克兰的油画，一阵咳嗽声与约翰·凯奇的作品联系起来。 某些艺术表现形式是永恒的，而另一些却转瞬即逝，这并非偶然现象。尽管你不一定总要解释原因，但你可以提出问题。艺术家说了些什么永恒的东西?他怎样说这些?有多少是时尚，多少纯是反映?为什么如今沃尔特·司各特的作品如此难读，而简·奥斯丁却不是这样?为什么巴洛克艺术风格适合某一时期，而另一时期却显得过于炫目辉煌? 是否存在一个技巧标准，能够适用于所有时代的艺术，还是每个时代对标准都有各自不同的定义?你也许已不经意地意识到，这些年“技巧”已变成不入流的字眼，因为它含有“标准”的意思--即作品完成得好不好。这种方便的逃避的结果，导致了大量不能发出声音的演员，不会解释歌曲涵义的歌手，不能交流感情的诗人，词汇贫乏的作家--更不用说不会作画的画家。现在的教条是，技巧阻碍表达。不必说你不知道自己在做什么，如果你不知道怎样去做，那么你就能做得更好。 我认为，到了你帮助扭转这一潮流的时候了，方法是努力重新发现技巧：掌握选择的工具，无论是画笔、字词还是声音。当你开始觉察自由与草率，严肃的实验与自我疗法，技艺与即兴，力量与暴力之间的区别时，你就逐渐能够将山羊与绵羊区分开来，而这种区分形式我们竟阔别已久。所有你需要重新拥有的，不过是几条标准和能够看穿骗局的盖氏测量仪，而我们可以在急切需要这两者的领域－－当代绘画开始艺术之旅。 我不知道什么更糟糕：不得不面对大面积的拙劣艺术，为的是发现些许可取之处，还是阅读评论家对此说的一切。其他任何一个表现领域都不会象画界一样如此盛行煞有其事的言谈，流行如此多的废话：艺术与艺术生存的评论氛围之间紧密地相互依赖的进一步证据。我将很乐意和你共享我们时代典型的故弄玄虚的东西。

高英3版第3课Blackmail-课文全文

Blackmail Arthur Hailey ○1The chief house officer, Ogilvie, who had declared he would appear at the Croydons suite an hour after his cryptic telephone call actually took twice that time. As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded. ○2The Duchess went to the door herself. Earlier she had dispatched her maid on an invented errand and, cruelly, instructed the moon-faced male secretary –who was terrified of dogs –to exercise the Bedlington terriers. Her own tension was not lessened by the knowledge that both might return at any moment. ○3 A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in. When he had followed her to the living room, the Duchess looked pointedly at the half-burned cigar in the fat man’s mouth. “My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly put that out." ○4The house detective's piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face. His gaze moved on to sweep the spacious, well-appointed room, encompassing the Duke who faced them uncertainly, his back to a window. ○5"Pretty neat set-up you folks got.” Taking his time, Ogilvie removed the offending cigar, knocked off the ash and flipped the butt toward an ornamental fireplace on his right. He missed, and the butt fell upon the carpet where he ignored it. ○6The Duchess's lips tightened. She said sharply, imagine you did not come here to discuss décor ". ○7The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle . "No, ma'am, can't say I did. I like nice things, though." He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice." Like that car of yours. The one you keep here in the hotel. Jaguar, ain't it?"

刘乃银英语泛读4(第三版)课文翻译

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无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现，是经过培养的，发展了的和受过训练的天赋。你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。它的任务就是创造。它是你的故事的创造者。 第二，将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作，它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样，有意识、谨慎而实实在在。天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分，而技艺却不是。它必须通过实践才能学到，并要通过实践才能掌握。如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上，光彩照人，那么，每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。 一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢？据说，我们从一生中的前二十年，或许前五年起就开始写作。这可能取决于个人，而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。无论如何，童年和少年时期的清晰印象，或多或少无条件地存在于我们的记忆中，未被解释，不受约束，而且栩栩如生，永不磨灭。困惑、徬徨、畏惧、喜悦、辉煌和平庸，在各种程度上以各种形式组合在一起。这些对往事的印象在心中悸动着。它们在等待什么？是在等待某种圆满的结果？还是对它们特有的真理的认可？似乎它们的创伤需要切开，隐秘的见解需要表露，发现需要与人分享，苦恼需要承认，这种飘渺的美需要形式。 我们就这样背负着各种任务渡过一生。时而,一个常常是小小的体验，撬开了记忆之门，抓住了这些虽已年代久远，却依然栩栩如生，呼之欲出的印象。于是，故事就如种子一般开始萌动。 这种经历人人都有，却鲜为人知。然而，一旦富有创造力的作家有了

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Unit1 One Writer's Beginnings作家起步时 1.我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。母亲念书给我听。上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里，我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。冬日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。想必我是不让她有一刻清静。有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她要的黄油我却还没弄好。她念起故事来富有表情。比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。 2 当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生自长时，真是又震惊又失望。不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉，以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想读所有的书。 3 我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。 4 除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱，餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的桌子和一个字典架。这里有伴随我们在餐桌旁争论着长大的《韦氏大词典》、《哥伦比亚百科全书》、《康普顿插图百科全书》、《林肯资料文库》，以及后来的《知识库》。“图书馆”书橱里的书没过多久我就能读了——我的确读了，全都读了，按着顺序，一排接着一排读，从最上面的书架一直读到最下面的书架。母亲读书最重要的不在获取信息。她是为了享受快乐而埋头读小说。她读狄更斯时的神情简直就像要跟他私奔似的。她少女时代读的小说印在了她心头的，除了狄更斯、司各特和罗伯特.路易斯.斯蒂文森等人的作品之外，还有《简爱》、《切尔比》、《白衣女士》、《绿厦》和《所罗门王的矿藏》。 5 多亏了我的父母，我很早就接触了受人喜爱的马克.吐温。书橱里有一整套马克.吐温文集和一套不全的林.拉德纳作品集，这些书最终将父母和孩子联结在一起。 6读摆在我面前的书，读着读着便发现一本又破又旧的书，是我父亲小时候的。书名是《桑福徳与默顿》。我不相信如今还有谁会记得这本书。那是托玛斯.戴在18世纪80年代撰写的一本著名的进行道德教育的故事书，可该书的扉页上并没有提及他；上面写的是《桑福徳与默顿简易本》，玛丽.戈多尔芬著。书中讲的是一个富孩子和一个穷孩子与他们老师巴洛先生之间的冗长的谈话，其间穿插着戏剧性场面——分别写了富孩子和穷孩子如何发火、如何获救。书末讲的道德寓意不是一条，而是两条，都印在环形图案里：“不管发生什么，该做的就去做”，还有“想做伟人，必须先学会做个好人”。 7 这本书没了封面，封底用几条纸片粘牢，有好几层，如今都泛黄了，书页上污迹斑斑，边角处都破碎了；书中花哨的插图脱了页，但都保存良好，夹在书里。即使在少不更事的童年，我就觉得那是我父亲小时候拥有的惟一一本书。他一直珍藏着这本书，或许还枕着这本没了封面的书睡觉：他7岁时就没了母亲。我父亲从来没跟自己的孩子提起过这本书，但他从俄亥俄一路把它带到我们的家，把它放进我们的书橱。 8 母亲则从西弗吉尼亚带来了那套狄更斯：那套书看上去也惨不忍睹——她告诉我，我还没出生，这些书就历经水火之灾，可现在它们还是整齐地排列在那儿——后来我意识到，是等着我去读。 9 从记事起我就收到给自己的书了，那是在生日时，还有圣诞节早晨。我父母真的是送给我再多的书都嫌不够。在我6岁或7岁生日时——那是在我自己能读书之后——他

大学英语泛读教程2【第二版】unit1课文翻译

several nights a week Joseph woke up screaming from the same terrible could never recall his whole dream， only remembered that someone was running after was trying to get away，but in his dream he could not move。he continued having this nightmare for months。he was so tired in the morning that it was hard for him to go to work。Joseph，you see，is not a frightened child，but a grown man。 Milton Kramer is a psychiatrist and dream researcher Cincinnati， believes that it is very important that people don't ignore their dreams，because they are messages from our sleeping Kramer studied dreams and dreamers，he found that people wake up feeling very discouraged after they have a bad also found that after having a good dream，people feel more ,dreams can have harmful or beneficial a result,Kramer believes that we need to learn how to change our bad we understand what happened in our dreams,we can change negative，hurtful dreams to positive，helpful ones。 Before we can begin to change a nightmare，however，we first have to remember what happened in our say there are many ways to do can keep a journal or diary of what we do when we are awake. Then，before going to sleep，we can review our practice helps us to stay in we wake up，we should lie still while we try to remember our researchers say that by staying in the same sleeping positive，we are more likely to recall the should also try to remember an important word or picture from the image makes the rest of the dream easier to longer we sleep，the longer and more complex our dreams will be. Cartwright is a dream researcher， has developed another dream therapy for changing to ,dream therapy involves four simple steps you can learn on your first step is to recognize when you are having a bad dream that will make you feel helpless or upset the next second step is to identify what it is about the dream that makes you feel bad-for example，weak instead of strong，or out of control instead of in control. Next，stop any bad do not have to continue your bad dream，because you are in last step is to change the negative part of the you may have to wake yourself up and change the dream before you return to times it is possible to change the dream while you are still asleep. By using dream therapy，Joseph was able to change his ,his bad dreams stopped

高中英语人教版选修六 Unit3 泛读课文逐句翻译

选修六Unit3 HIV/AIDS:ARE YOU AT RISK? HIV病毒/ 艾滋病：你是否面临危险？ HIV is a virus. HIV是一种病毒（人体免疫缺损病毒）。A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. 病毒是引发疾病的微生物。There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. 它有许多种类，如流感病毒和SARS病毒。HIV weakens a person's immune system; that is, the part of the body that fights disease. HIV病毒破坏人体的免疫系统，也就是说使人体抗衡疾病的免疫功能减弱。You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that you body can no longer fight disease. 在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致使你的身体不再能抗衡疾病。This stage of the illness is called AIDS. 这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病，If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small.如果你得上了艾滋病，生存的几率就很小。 HIV is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sex. HIV是通过血液或性交时产生的体液而传播的。For a person to become infected, blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection. 携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。One day scientists will find a cure for HIV/AIDS. 将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治HIV病毒和艾滋病的疗法的。 Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. 在找到之前，你必须保护你自己。Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe. 你可以按这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己的安全： If you inject drugs: 假如你要注射药物： ·Do not share your needle with anyone else.不要同别人共用注射针，Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle. 别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your own blood. 如果某人有HIV病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把别人的病毒注入到你的血液中来。 ·Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs. 在注射药物时，不得公用患者所用的其他东西，Blood could have spilt on it. 因为血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。 If you have sex with a male or a female: 假如你同（男或女）人性交： ·Use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another. 要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的体液的传入。 The following statements are NOT true. 下列这些说法都是错误的： ·A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could become infected. 初次性交的人不可能染上HIV病毒。错了。如果性交的某一方有了HIV病毒，另一方就有可能传染上。 ·You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV.WRONG. Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick. 通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有HIV病毒。错了。许多HIV病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。 ·Only homosexuals get AIDS.WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with H1V/AIDS risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men. 只有同性恋者才得艾滋病。错了。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒的人性交，他们就染上这

英语泛读教程3第三册Unit4课文翻译

寻找可以依靠的坚实臂膀 在美国，越来越多的老人独居。他们生病时处境通常显得很悲惨。简·格罗斯在下面的文章中指出这些老年人的问题。 每次人们在医生办公室给格雷斯·麦凯比递来一份紧急情况联系人表格时，空格处总令她心中发怵。对任何有配偶、伴侣或子女的人来说，这是个很简单的问题。但是，75岁的麦凯比女士一直独居。谁能和她一起渡过难关?情况最糟糕的时候，谁会关心她? 这些曾是假设的问题。但是现在，麦凯比女士视力越来越差，几乎完全看不见。她一直有很多朋友，但从没请过谁为她负起责任，比如，接急诊室半夜来的电话，或因为她自己不能写支票而帮助付账单。 她在所有的朋友中，选定了一个心地善良、遇事不慌、有解决问题能力的人。所以，她多次在空白处写止“夏洛特·弗兰克”，然后打电话说，“夏洛特，又把您写在单子上了，”于是，紧张时刻得到缓解。 麦凯比女士被一个鲁莽的司机撞倒在人行横道上，得了脑震荡，这时，年龄70岁，自己也独居的弗兰克女士在起居室长沙发上守了一夜。麦凯比女士再也看不清标)隹字体时，弗兰克女士给她弄了一台电脑，把字体设置到最大，这样，她就能读报纸，从商品单定购货物。 “你会发现，有些好朋友成了至交，”麦凯比女士说，“夏洛克既实际又形象地告诉我要，抓住不放，我这样做了。” 无法统计出不同年龄生病或有残疾的独居者的数字，医院安排出院的人和家庭健康照料机构说，他们服务的明显无人照顾的独居者越来越多。 人口调查报告中，单人家庭，包括从未结婚者、离婚者和丧偶者，其数目明显增加。2003年，近27％ 的美国家庭由独居者组成，高于1970年的18％，这些家庭注重的是不具有亲属的法律地位或社会地位的友谊。人口统计学家警告说，生育高峰期出生的人老年化，疾病和残疾成为老年不可避免的必然结果，这将使独居者家庭队伍壮大。 美国医院协会资深副会长詹姆斯·本特利说，独居者属于最棘手的情况。他说，任何病人或残疾人，在医院里和出院后都“需要有人负责照料他们”，但独居者在特别脆弱的时候，却是自己照料自己。 “病人不能同时想着两种角色，”他说，“但我们还没有一个好的机制来处理这个问题。” 医院里短期停留的病人增加，有时让不能自理的病人回家，这就使情况更糟。本特利先生说，医院必须找些新方法，让这类病人对面临的问题有所准备，并说独居者必须“在生病之前想一想”自己有哪些组织起来的关系网可以访问。 他说，“如果我们等到出生高峰时期出生的人需要这些的时候才来考虑，因为他们人数太多，没有办法特别处理，这是我们现在就要思考的问题，否则，到时候绝对会一团糟。”

英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT12

UNIT12 你为何如此聪明？ 卡伦·赖特 科学家们正在试图寻找可能管理着智力的“聪明”基因。但是智力基因能被用来测定遗传的智商吗？与生俱来的基因在多大程度上与智商有关系？下面的文章将告诉我们在这个问题上的 最新研究。 这是经济和社会成功最为重要的预测者之一。它帮助决定你在哪儿工作，在哪儿生活，和谁结婚，是否会离婚，是否会未婚生子，是否会有牢狱之灾。它可以被非常精确地测算，一生中很 少变化。它受你的基因的重大影响。 真是如此吗？ 当讨论说的是人类智能时，你不必太费力就能够找到论据。自从英国心理学家查尔斯·斯皮尔曼提出一种单个的综合智力管理着认知行为的许多方面的主张，一个世纪以来，科学家们和社会已对智力进行了长期而不断的争论：它是什么，作用是什么，谁拥有它，如何改进它，如何测算它，以及如何最好地解释和利用测算方式。 最近，由1994年出版的书《钟形曲线》所引发的争议,再次引起了人们对先天禀性和后天培育这个问题的争论：智力是可训练的还是遗传不变的？人类的思想是天生的还是创造出来的？经过几十年的研究，绝大多数智力科学家的结论是，两者兼而有之，分量大致均等。 因此，某处某人会开始寻找“聪明”基因，也许是不可避免的，。那个“某人”就是罗伯特·普洛明，一个从事智力研究已有25年之久的有经验的专家，他目前在伦敦的精神病学学院工作。去年，普洛明公开了一个基因与高智商相联系的第一个证据。今年，他又宣布发现了三个聪明基因的位置。在此后的几个月里，他期望发现至少两打最为重要的智力遗传决定因素。他的工作已经引起了和认知器管打交道的DNA医生的想象――以及不安。"我知道，没有别的人会发疯，以至来做这件事情，”他说。 普洛明的探索，是行为遗传学领域中最为大胆的探索之一。行为遗传学是一门致力于发现影响人类行为的遗传因素的学科。其中一项研究是通过比较双胞胎儿一起喂养和分开喂养的情况，来发现影响人类行为的遗传因素。另外一个办法是比较收养孩子的特征与他们的生父母、养父母及亲兄妹和非亲兄妹的特征相比较。如果进行得顺利，这些研究能决定一种特征的遗传性：在多大程度上个人之间的差异是由于基因的关系，而不是教养，营养，和教育这样的环境因素的作用。一旦一个特征的遗传模式建立起来，研究者们就可以确定有关的基因。 但是当要寻找的基因是聪明基因时，研究就变得复杂起来。一方面，智商测试所测量出来的智力是人类行为中可靠而稳定的部分。一生中它变化甚微，不同的测量往往得出相同的结果。智力也是所知道的精神特征中最能够遗传的：双胞胎和收养儿的研究表明，人们之间百分之三十到七十智商的差异可归因于基因。许多专家，包括普洛明，认为百分之五十是最为可能的数字。（像身高和体重这样的特征的可遗传性能高达百分之九十。） 但智力是一个复杂的现象，它受到数百个甚至数千个基因的控制。因此遗传模式并不明显。任何一个单个智力基因的发现都不可能会有太大的影响，普洛明承认。“任何植物或动物中任何一个复杂的特征，我们都不知道它涉及了多少基因，”他说。但是大多数聪明基因中的任何一个都有可能占不到百分之一的智力遗传性。 科学家们通过使用一条条在染色体上的位置已被精确地分配好了的DNA标记，把基因和特征联系起来。每一个标记的次序可以变化，正如蓝色眼睛的基因与棕色眼睛的基因稍稍有所不同。每个标记的这些不同形式称作对偶基因，与附近不同形式的基因相对应。如果带有一个DNA标记的特定对偶基因的人具有一种特征而不带有该对偶基因的人不具有此特征，那么此特征的基因就可能紧邻着那个标记，甚至与那个标记相同。