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9008阅读托福阅读

EXERCISE SEVEN

Passage 1

Scientists estimate that about 35,000 other objects, too small to detect with radar but detectable with powerful Earth - based telescopes, are also circling the Earth at an altitude of 200 to 700 miles. This debris poses little danger to us on the Earth, but since it is traveling at average relative speeds o~ six miles per second, it can severely damage expensive equipment in a collision. This threat was dramatized by a cavity one - eighth of an inch in diameter created in

a window of a United States space shuttle in 1983. The pit was determined to have been

caused by a collision with a speck of paint traveling at a speed of about two to four miles per second. The window had to be replaced.

As more and more nations put satellites into space, the risk of collision can only increase.

Me3sures are already being taken to control the growth of orbital debris. The United States has always required its astronauts to bag their wastes and return them to .Earth. The United States Air Force has agreed to conduct low - altitude rather than high - altitude tests of objects it puts into space so debris from tests will reenter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up. Extra shielding will also reduce the risk of damage. For example, 2,000 pounds of additional shielding is being considered for each of six space - station crew modules. Further. the European Space Agency.

an international consortium is also looking into preventive measures.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

(A) The Problem of Space Debris

(B) The Space Shuttle of 1983

(D) A Collision in Space

2. It can be inferred from the passage that. debris was harmful to one of the space shuttles

because the debris was

(A) large

(B) moving very fast

(D) burning uncontrollably

3.What effect did orbital debris have on one of the space shuttles?

(A) It removed some of the paint

(B) It damaged one of the windows

(D) It led to a collision with a space station

4.The word 'them" in line 11 refers to which of the following?

(A)Astronauts

(B)Wastes

(C)Tests

(D)Crew modules

2. W hich of the following questions is NOT answered by the information in the passage?

(A)How can small objects orbiting the Earth be seen?

(B)What is being done to prevent orbital debris from increasing?

(C)Why is the risk of damage to space equipment likely to increase?

(D)When did the United States Air Force begin making tests in space?

6.Where in the passage does the writer mention a method of protecting space vehicles against damage by space debris?

(A)Lines 1-3

(B)Lines 6-8

(C)Line 9

(D)Lines 13-15

Passage 2

Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals,

Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow ~n the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that white grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea's plankton generates more than twice as much.

Despite its enormous food potential. little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now. marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility. especially as the sea's resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.

No one yet has seriously suggested that "planktonburgers" may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source. however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.

One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called knil. Growing to two or three inches long. krill provide the major food for the giant blue wriale. the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth. flealizing that this whale may grow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.

Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food value A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories-about the same as shrimp or lobster to which they are related.

If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason. they must certainly be contenders as a new food source for humans.

1. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?

A) The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food

source.

(B) The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton.

carbohydrate.

(D) The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then

moves to a specific example.

2. According to the passage, why is plankton considered to be more valuable than land

grasses?

(A) It is easier to cultivate

(B)It produces more carbohydrates

(C)It does not require soil

(D) It is more palatable

3. Why does the author mention "planktonburgers" in line 13 ?

(A) To describe the appearance of one type of plankton

(B)To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes

(C)To suggest plankton as a possible food source

(D)To compare the food values of beef and plankton

4. Blue whales have been known to weigh how much at maturity?

(A) One ton

(B) Forty tons

(D) Four hundred and sixty tons

5. What is mentioned as one distinguishing feature of krill?

(A) They are the smallest marine animals:

(B) They are pink in color.

(D) They have grass-like bodies.

6. The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a

human food source EXCEPT that it is

(A)high in food value

(B)in abundant supply in the oceans

(C)an appropriate food for other animals

(A) free of chemicals and pollutants

7. Where in the passage does the author first compare plankton to land grasses?

(A) Lines 2-3

(B) Lines 4-5

(D) Lines 16-17

Passage 3

The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurbishing older buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardell Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960's, but it was in the 197U S. with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.

One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hal' and the Quincy Market, designed in I ~24 This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent. it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.

Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.

San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers. San Antonio's leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.

1.What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) During the 1970's. old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.

(B) Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.

(C)The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban

Decay.

(D) Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in

2. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?

(A)Boston's new city hall

(B)Sports and recreational facilities

(C)Commercial and industrial warehouses

(D)Restaurants, offices, and stores

3.According to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in

(A) San Francisco

(B) Boston

(D) S an Antonio

4. When was the Butler Square building originally built?

(A) In the eighteenth century

(B) In the early nineteenth century

(D) In the early twentieth century

5. What is the author's opinion of the San Antonio project?

(A)It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.

(B)It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.

(C)The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.

(D)The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.

6 The passage states that the San Antonio project differed from those in Boston and Minneapolis

in which of the following ways?

(A) It consisted primarily of new construction.

(B) I t occurred in the business district.

(D) It was designed to combat urban decay.

Passage 4

The classic Neanderthals, who lived between about 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, shared a number of special characteristics. Like any biological population, Neanderthals also showed variation in the degree to which those characteristics were expressed. Generally, they were powerfully built, short and stocky, with the lower parts of their arms and legs short in relation to the upper parts, as in modern peoples who live in cold environments. Neanderthal skulls were distinctive, housing brains even larger on average than those of modem humans, a feature that may have had more to do with their large, heavy bodies than with superior intelligence.

Seen from behind, Neanderthal skulls look almost spherical, but from the side they are long and flattened often with a bulging back.

The Neanderthal face, dominated by a projecting and full nose, differed clearly from the faces of other hominids; the middle parts appear to be pulled forward (or the sides pulled back), resulting in a rather streamlined face shape. This peculiarity may have been related to the greater importance (in cultural activities as well as food processing) of the front teeth, which are large and part of a row of teeth that lies well forward in the head; it may reflect a reduction in importance of certain jaw muscles operating at the sides of the face; or it may reflect an adaptation to cold. Whether it results from any or all of these three factors or from other,

undiscovered causes, this midfacial projection is so characteristic that it unfailingly identifies a Neanderthal to the trained eye. Neanderthal teeth are much more difficult to characterize: the front teeth are large, with strong roots, but the back teeth may be relatively small. This feature may have been an adaptation to cope with heavy tooth wear

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The eating habits of the Neanderthals

(B) A comparison of various prehistoric populations

(D) The effect of climate on human development

2. The author describes the Neanderthal as being all of the following EXCEPT

(A) short

(B) swift

(D) stocky

3. W hich of the following most likely accounts for the fact that the Neanderthal brain was larger

than that of the modern human?

(A) The relatively large size of the Neanderthal's body

(B) The superior intelligence of the Neanderthal.

(D) The Neanderthal's midfacial projection

4. Where in the passage does the author specifically stress the contrast between the Neanderthal

face and that of other biologically related populations?

(A) Lines 1-4

(B) Lines 7-9

(D) Lines 18-20

5. Which of the following explanations is NOT cited as a possible explanation of the Neanderthal

5 streamlined face shape?

(A) Some jaw muscles had limited use.

(B) The facial features were well adapted to the cold.

(D) The nose was set far back'

6.The phrase "the trained eye" in line 18 most likely refers to which of the following

professionals?

(A) An optometrist

(B) A dentist

(D) A photographer

7.In line 20, the author uses the expression "heavy tooth wear" to imply that the Neanderthals

(A)had unusually heavy teeth

(B) used their teeth extensively

(D) used teeth for ornamentation

8. The paragraph following this passage most probably discusses

(A) other features of the Neanderthal anatomy

(B) cave painting of prehistoric time

(D) difficulties in preserving fossils

Passage 5

Television was not invented by any one person. Nor did it spring into being overnight. It evolved gradually, over a long period. from the ideas of many people-each one building on the work of their predecessors. The process began in 1873. when it was accidentally

discovered that the electrical resistance of' the element selenium varied in proportion to the intensity of the light shining on it. 'Scientists quickly recognized that this provided, away of 'transforming light variations' into electri6al" signals. Almost immediately a number of

schemes were proposed for sending pictures by wire ( it was, of course, before ra'di6).

One of the earliest of these schemes was patterned on the human eye Suggested by G. R.

Carey in 1875, it envisioned a mosaic of selenium cells on which the picture to' be

transmitted would be focused by a lens system. At the receiving end there would be a

similarly arranged mosaic made up of electric lights. Each seleniurn cell would be connected by an individual wire to the similarly placed light in the receiving mosaic. Light falling on the selenium cell would cause the associated electric light to shine in proportion. Thus the

mosaic of lights would reproduce the original picture. Had the necessary amplifiers and the right kind of lights been available. this system would have worked. But it also would have required an impractical number of connecting wires. Carey recognized this and in a second scheme proposed to "scan" the cells-transmitting the signal from each cell to its associated light, in turn over 3 single wire. If this were done fast enough the retentive image to be seen as a complete picture.

1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(A)The Art of Television

(B)Television in the Electr6nic Era

(C)Harmful Effects of Television

(D) First step in the Invention of Television

2.In line 1 of the passage, the word "being" could best be replaced by which of the following?

(A) place

(B) existence

(D) subsistence

3. An important discovery in early television was the electrical resistance of

(A)mosaics

(B)the human eye

(C)lenses

(D)the element selenium

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在iBT阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。 1、词汇题解题方法：若认识，直接解题，没得说；若不认识，就只能推断了。但是备考阶段最重要的一点。背单词！首先，考托福没有一定的词汇量等于直接酱油了，所以词汇量是一切的基础。 2、指代题考点：句子直接词之间的关系解题方法：（1）代词 a. 从句的主语指代主句的主宾语(使用属性判断,不用含义) b. 关系代词指代先行词(插入结构不影响指代关系) c. 重复概念指代: Tom and his cat(就近原则) d. some 和 others （2）名词 a. 优先选择题干的上下意词 m is a kind of M, M是m的上意词 b. 若上下意词不唯一则当作代词指代处理注意: a.被指代对象往往在代词之前出现 b. 从句开头往后找答案 c. 代词和被指代对象的数性和性质必须一致 d. 指代的传递现象 3、句子简化题解题方法：（1）确定题干句子中的逻辑成分逻辑成分主要包括：关联词，动词，状语而托福最爱考的逻辑主要是：因果，比较、最高级，否定（2）确定与逻辑相关的语义要依据最简化原则，抓句子中的逻辑要素。因果的逻辑要素是：原因结果比较的逻辑要素是：比较三要素最高级否定的逻辑要素是：作用对象（3）选择与题干逻辑语义一致的选项先主后次，从逻辑到语义（千万要保证逻辑正确）

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托福阅读题库练习及答案汇总托福阅读考试如何才能让自己获得高分?除了托福词汇的大量储备之外，我想托福真题的练习是必不可少的。那么除了平时大家利用官方真题Official来进行托福阅读练习之外，你还能找到哪些真题来进行练习呢?今天小编在这里就为大家整理了托福阅读题库练习及答案汇总，其中包括了阅读原文、题目以及答案，希望对大家的托福阅读考试提分有帮助。托福阅读真题练习：工作时间的文本+题目+答案托福阅读文本： According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870s, but did not become common in the United States until the

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2019托福阅读：模拟试题及答案解析（6）【托福】 Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it

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Five Paragraph Essay Structure The five-paragraph essay is the commonest and most basic form of academic essay used in English and American high schools. Below you will find a map of the essay structure, and we will be using this structure in all of our argumentative and persuasive essays. Introduction (3-4 sentences) 1.Hook – Attracts the readers attention and introduces the main idea 2.Bridge – Develops the topic enough to explain the thesis statement 3.Thesis Statement – Introduces the topic and controlling ideas of the essay Main body Paragraph 1 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Main body Paragraph 2 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Counter Argument (4-5 sentences) 1.Counter argument –Introduces opposition’s strongest argument 2.Refutation – Explain why that argument is not valid or appropriate 3.Example – Use an example to support your refutation 4.Development (optional) - Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence - Pulls together and summarises main point from refutation Conclusion 1.Restate thesis – Restate the main topic and controlling idea from the thesis statement (paraphrased) 2.Summary – Summarise the main points from the article to support your opinion 3.Conclusion – Create a new idea/thinking point based on the points raised in the article

新托福阅读长句训练

1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space． (定语后置in some ways…) 由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface原因状语 the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 主句 in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 后置定语，修饰a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是一个主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。 2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth． (倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…) 要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War．本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is. 3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore． (同位语从句claims tha t…) 本句的主句结构是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康本句的机构是主句内部嵌套一个同位语从句，结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。

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托福阅读常见的句型结构为了帮助大家备考，小编为大家带来托福阅读常见的句型结构一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注! 托福阅读常见的句型结构一、英语句子结构的原则 1、谓动单一性原则在一个句子里，有且只有一个谓语动词。 2、主句单一性原则在一个句子中，有且只有一个主句。(从句可以有若干个) 二、三大从句 1、名词性从句主语从句宾语从句同位语从句引导词(what/how/that/why/whether) 结构主语从句 what+VO=n. for eg. what+SV=n. What you said is right. 形式宾语Make it possible for sb.to do that/how/why/whether+SVO=n. That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs.(形式主语居多) _形式主语和强调句的区别形式主语It + v + (that +SVO)=n. n.=it

强调句It is/was + A + that + B SVO=A+B 而且通常情况下It is/was……是强调句同位语从句同位语的实质n1,n2—n1=n2 S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO 前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。 The fact, that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs, is known. 可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，例如：view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion…… _同位语和定语从句的区别同位语的句子中，前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。 The fact, that the sun is round. 定语从句中，引导词充当成分。 The book, that you bought for me. “that”充当宾语。Example It is generally accepted that the single super continent known as Pangaea indeed existed, that Pangaea subsequently broke apart into two giant pieces, Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, and that the continents attached to the various crustal plates separated and drifted in various directions.

9008阅读 托福阅读

最新-2018年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解 精品