大学英语专业词汇学试题

2000年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案

第一部分选择题

Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）

1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）

A. more

B. little

C. less

D. gradual

2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）

A. general dictionaries

B. monolingual dictionaries

C. both A and B

D. neither A and B

3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）

A. morphologically motivated

B. etymologically motivated

C. semantically motivated

D. none of the above

4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）

A. borrowing

B. semantic change

C. creation of new words

D. all the above

5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）

A. generalized

B. expanded

C. elevated

D. degraded

6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）

A. alternative morphs

B. single morphs

C. abstract units

D. discrete units

7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）

A. Italic

B. Germanic

C. Celtic

D. Hellenic

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fe9864995.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.

（）

A. semantics

B. grammar

C. phonetics

D. lexicology

9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）

A. repetition

B. alliteration

C. rhyme

D. none of the above

10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）

A. Often

B. Never

C. Although

D. Desk

11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）

A. semantic unity

B. structural stability

C. idiomatic variation

D. figure of speech

12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）

A. use idioms correctly and appropriately

B. understand idioms correctly

C. remember idioms quickly

D. try a new method of classification

13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）

A. long（not short）

B. ball（a dancing party）

C. rock（rock'n'roll）

D. ad（advertisement）

14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）

A. the influx of borrowing

B. repetition

C. analogy

D. shortening

15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）

A. Words and phrases.

B. Sentences

C. Text or passage

D. Time and place

第二部分非选择题

Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）

16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.

17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fe9864995.html,ELD is a ________________ dictionary.

19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.

20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.

Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to

1)types of meaning changes;

2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）

A B

21.Scandinavian（）https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fe9864995.html,l（place where things are made）

22.Germanic（）B.grammatical

23.extension（）C.double meaning

24.narrowing（）D.Swedish

25.linguistic（）https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fe9864995.html,prehend/understand

26.ambiguity（）F.Dutch

27.participants（）G.degermined

28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded

29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic

30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）

Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）

31.predict（）

32.motel（）

33.potatoes（）

34.blueprint（）

35.preliminaries（）

36.Southward（）

37.demilitarize（）

38.hypersensityve（）

39.retell（）

40.multi-purposes（）

Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）

41.acronymy

42.native words

43.elevation

44.stylistic meaning

45.monolingral dictionary

Ⅵ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）

46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.

47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.

48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?

Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）

49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly

50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.

答案

2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案

Ⅰ.(30%)

1.A

2.C

3.A

4.C

5.A

6.A

7.B

8.D

9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D

Ⅱ.(10%)

16.transfer

17.OLD English

18.monolingual

19.semantically

20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic

Ⅲ.(10%)

21.D

22.F

23.A

24.J

25.B

26.C

27.I

28.E

29.G

30.H

Ⅳ.(10%)

31.bound root

32.（head+tail）blinding

33.inflectional affix/morpheme

34.a+n

35.full conversion

36.suffix

37.reversativ

38.prefix of degree

39.prefix

40.number prefix

Ⅴ.(10%)

41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.

42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.

43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.

44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.

45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.

Ⅵ.(12%)

46.There are four types of motivation:

1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.

2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.

3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.

4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.

47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.

48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.

Ⅶ.(18%)

49.

1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.

2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.

3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.

50.

1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）

2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）

3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）

4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）

5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）

2001年4月份全国高等教育自学考试

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语（本科）专业

第一部分选择题

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement

and put the letter in the bracket（30％）

1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]

A. lewd → ignorant

B. silly → foolish

C. last → pleasure

D. knave → boy

2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]

A. humour

B. sarcasm

C. ridicule

D. all the above

3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]

A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation

B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation

C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation

D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation

4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]

A. synecdoche

B. metonymy

C. substitution

D. metaphor

5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]

A. adjectives

B. attributes

C. modifiers

D. words

6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]

A. vocabulary

B. grammar

C. semantic pattern

D. syntactic structure

7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.

This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]

A. addition

B. replacement

C. position-shifting

D. variation

8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]

A. onomatopoeically motivated

B. morphologically motivated

C. semantically motivated

D. etymologically motivated

9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]

A. clear grammar codes

B. language notes

C. usage notes

D. extra columns

10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]

A. Dorm

B. motel

C. Gent

D. Zoo

11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]

A. 30,000 to 40,000

B. 50,000 to 60,000

C. 70,000 to 80,000

D. 80,000 to 90,000

12. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]

A. Roots

B. Stems

C. Affixes

D. Compounds

13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]

A. Dutch origin

B. Danish origin

C. Latin origin

D. Greek origin

14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]

A. is used by the same speech community

B. represents something else in the world

C. is both simple and complex in nature

D.shows different ideas in different sounds

15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]

A. are complex words.

B. are technical words

C. refer to the commonest things in life.

D. denote the most important concepts.

第二部分非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）

16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.

17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.

18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.

19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.

20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of

meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）

A B

21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish

22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl

23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated

24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state

25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond

26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated

27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)

28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)

29. extension ( ) I. part of speech

30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word

formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）

31. heart and soul ( )

32. father—male parent ( )

33. mother—female parent ( )

34. city-bred ( )

35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )

36. headache ( )

37. antecedent ( )

38. preview ( )

39. receive ( )

40. called ( )

V. Define the following terms（10％）

41. specialized dictionary

42. collocative meaning

43. transfer

44. morpheme

45. old English

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short

Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）

46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.

47. What is dismembering?

48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）

49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.

Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.

50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain

why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)

The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.

英语词汇学试题参考答案

第一部分选择题

I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement

and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. D

9. D

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. B

15. C

第二部分非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. stylistic

17.monolingual

18.semantic opposition

19. degradation 或 pejoration

20.productivity and collocability

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B

according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of

meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)

21. I

22. C

23. F

24. B

25. E

26. D

27. J

28. G

29. H

30. A

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word

formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)

31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature

32. conceptual meaning

33. conceptual meaning

34. n+v-ed

35. backformation

36. n+v

37. bound root

38. prefix

39. bound root

40. inflectional affix/morpheme

V. Define the following terms.(10%)

41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on

a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分

；语言0.5分)

42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容

1.5分；语言0.5分)

43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of

semantic transfer.

44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.

45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)

46. 要点： Radiation Concatenation

i) primary meaning i) first sense

ii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接

iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象

47. 要点：

（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）

（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）

（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）

注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）

48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the

word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the

conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:

pretty handsome

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. 答案要点

1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）

2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and

figurative sense of the word.(3分)

3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to

fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)

50.要点：

（1）it is ambiguous（2分）

（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）

（3）stop drinking can be understood as

1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )

2）police stop people drinking (1分)

（4）improvement（3分）

1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight. 2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.

2002年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷

第一部分选择题

Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ____.

A. perfect homonyms

B. homonyms

C. homophones

D. all the above [ ]

2. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example:

A. ad for "advertisement"

B. dish for "food"

C. fond for" affectionate"

D. an editorial for "an editorial article" [ ]

3. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over______.

A. the reader's interpretation

B. the neighbouring words

C. the writer's mten6on

D. the etymology

of the word [ ]

4 .Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?

A. extra-

B. pro-

C. re-

D. semi- [ ]

5. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?

A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology

B. Chamber's Encyclopedi

C English Dictionary

D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. [ ]

7. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form __

A. physical context

B. grammatical context

C. lexical context

D. linguistic context [ ]

8. "Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Centre." The clue provided in the context is___.

A. definition

B. explanation

C. example

D. hyponymy [ ]

9. The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that___.

A. it can refer to the common core of a language

B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language

C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period

D. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field [ ]

10. The idiom "a dark horse" is a___.

A. simile

B. metaphor

C. metonymy

D. personification [ ]

11. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ___ and the latter is not.

A. structurally changeable

B. semantically analysable

C. structurally fixed

D. easily understood [ ]

12. We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to___.

A. morphological strucmre

B. relevant details

C. grammatical structure

D. physical context [ ]

13. What causes the ambiguity of the sentence "I like Mary better than Janet"?

A. Vocabulary.

B. Situation.

C. Structure.

D. None of the above. [ ]

14. Early Modem English refers to the language spoken___.

A. from 1066 to 1500

B. from 1150 to 1500

C. from 1500 to 1700

D. from 1600 to 1800 [ ]

15. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as

A. bound roots

B. free morphemes

C. inflectional morphemes

D. derivational affixes [ ]

Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. _______ meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.

17. The word ____________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry, ".

18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or_______.

19. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates________

20. Almost ,all affixes are ________morphemes because few can be used as independent words. III. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense

relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)mofivafion .(10 %)

A B

21. reiteration ( ) A. high and low

22. repetition ( ) B. pick and choose

23. juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face

24. perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.

25. personification ( ) E. hiss

26. porms ( ) F. bear; bear

27. come ( ) G. twitter

28. heart ( ) H. cat

29. birds ( ) I. port

30. snakes ( ) J. heart and soul

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify

1) types of context clues; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms. (10%)

31. making a restatement of a new word or concept in fanfiliar words ( )

32. sitcom ( )

33. the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )

34. from cradle to grave ( )

35. might and main ( )

36. fax ( )

37. disobey, impolite, ( )

38. hussy: "housewife"→ "a woman of low morals" ( )

39. disease: "discomfort" → "illness" ( )

40. fond: "foolish" → "affectionate" ( )

V. Define the following terms. (10%)

41. dictionary

42. pejoration

43. idioms nominal in nature

44. Germanic

45. allomorph

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46. What are the stylistic features of idioms?

47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.

48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?

Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.

a. The man said he would come to our school next week.

b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.

50. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.

unbearable, international, ex-prisoner.

全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案

Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)

1.D

2.B

3.B

4.C

5.B

6.D

7.C

8.C

9.A 10.B

11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.C

Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)

16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. bound

Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)

21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D 26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.E

Ⅳ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)

31.explanation

32.head+head blending

33.hyponymy/hyponym

34.figure of speech; metonymy

35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration

36.back clipping

37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes

38.degradation

39.narrowing

40.elevation

Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)

41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.

42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.

43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.

(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows as noun idioms.

44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.

45.one of the variants that realize a morpheme

Ⅵ.Answer the following questions.(12%)

46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.

(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.

(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small

in number.

47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.

B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.

48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to create new words.

Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)

49.要点：

Superordinate Subordinate

1) man scholar

2) come visit

3) school university

4) week Monday

50.

1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).

2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.

3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.

全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试

英语词汇学试题

课程代码：00832

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.

A. two

B. for

C. three

D. five

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.

B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.

C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.

D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.

3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.

A. Old English

B. Middle English

C. Anglo-Saxon

D. Celtic

4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______.

A. addition

B. position-shifting

C. dismembering

D. shortening

5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.

A. Free roots

B. Free morphemes

C. Bound morphemes

D. Meaningful units

6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.

A. the growth of science and technology

B. economic and political changes

C. the influence of other cultures and languages

D. all the above

7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.

A. word-formation

B. borrowing

C. semantic change

D. both B and C

8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?

A. Stability

B. Collocability.

C. Productivity.

D. National character.

9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.

A. historical reason and class reason

B. historical reason and psychological reason

C. class reason and psychological reason

D. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors

10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.

A. they come from the same source

B. they are correlated with one central meaning

C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary

D. all the above

11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.

A. semantic transfer

B. semantic pejoration

C. semantic elevation

D. semantic narrowing

12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.

A. semantic unity

B. structural stability

C. rhetorical function

D. none of the above

13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______

A. -ion.

B. -ism.

C. -ity.

D. -ist.

14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.

A. lexical meaning

B. associative meaning

C. collocative meaning

D. grammatical meaning 15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.

A. social

B. verbal

C. lexical

D. physical

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

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19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______. 20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.

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A B ( )21. apes A. colloquial

( )22. Old English B. a language of full endings ( )23. Irish C. Italic

( )24. tiny D. very formal and official ( )25. French E. yelp ( )26. cattle F. poetic ( )27. domicile G . Celtic ( )28. abode H. gibber

( )29. foxes I. a language of leveled endings ( )30. Middle English

J. low

Ⅳ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%) 31. mismanage ( ) 32. elephants-trumpet

( ) 33. pretty ??

?

??f lower wom an girl

( )

34. forehead ( ) 35. bossy ( ) 36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( ) 37. anti-establishment ( ) 38. subsea

( ) 39. a sea of troubles

( )

40. harder ( )

Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)

41. idiom

42. functional words

43. degradation

44. bilingual dictionary

45. conversion

Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?

47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.

48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.

Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.

‘Get me an avocado, please,’Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.

50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.

apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery

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