《书院清池》阅读答案高考语文试题解析理解

《书院清池》阅读答案高考语文试题解析理解

《书院清池》阅读答案高考语文试题解析理解

书院清池

①世上有各种各样的“池”，如供乐队演奏的乐池，让众人起舞的舞池，给文人挥洒的砚池。然而书院的那一方清池却特别令我钟爱，像有珠宝之癖者私藏昂贵的宝玉。我将那一方清池珍藏在自己的心中。

②乡野之间有许多池塘，它们那天然的野趣，当然也引人注目留连，特别是久住尘嚣的人，天天囚禁在鸽笼般的居室，几乎不知池塘为何物，自然更愿一塘春水或秋水照亮他们蒙尘的眼睛。我喜爱乡野的池塘，然而，我最珍爱的，毕竟仍是书院的那一方清池。每隔一段日子，我就要渡湘江而西，去它的身边小坐。

③我来时正是夏日午后，池周高树上的夏蝉正在操练那古老而常新的乐曲。唐代虞世南是它们的知音，只是不知它们懂不懂得他所写的“居高声自远，非是藉秋风”的名句？除了年复一年的蝉声，就是终年不断的水声了。清池的身后就是岳麓山，山上百泉奔赴，潺潺的流水汇成了这永不干涸的一汪碧池。如一匹软缎的清池，水面上本来绿得一无所有，但池的对称两角，却有两丛夏荷绣出几铢青钱数枝碧玉和几盏荷花，那红花是碧水也浇不灭的火焰。它会从夏日一直烧到秋深，要等到来过长沙的李商隐“留得残荷听雨声”的那一声喟叹，才会将它吹熄。红荷碧水，这本来已经动人心目了，但不时还有白蝴蝶和黄蜻蜓飞来，它们肯定是在说：这是一幅印象派的明丽水彩，怎么不让我们也来着

色？

④书院清池的美使我倾心，它的静也令我徘徊。清泉之侧是学院历代山长的住所，晴明之日，粉墙青瓦飞檐的古建筑在池边拍一帧倒影，明月来时，碧水在池心将它洗得晶莹透亮，宛如李白小时不认识的白玉盘不慎掉落水中。虽是千年书院，平时游人却不多，如果门庭若市，嚣声盈耳，如同时下的股票交易市场和日趋茂盛的夜总会，那就未免唐突山灵与水神而大煞风景了。这一曲清池，据说从前名“碧沼观鱼”，我以前来游时和友人说可以改为“洗心池”。人在世间忙碌奔波，或为柴米油盐，或为升沉荣辱。费尽了心计与心机，人也蒙尘，心也蒙垢。如果能到池边来对明镜而自鉴，濯清波以洗心，那不也是让灵魂净化的功课吗？正如同仿效高僧之面壁，我此刻面池而坐，我的心池哪有这方明镜的纯净清明？

⑤世间也许还有不少这样的池塘，但是，像岳麓书院这一方清池那样富于文化意蕴的，恐怕还不多见吧？它“得地独厚”，不是深山中隐姓埋名的野水，也不是宫苑里荣华富贵的池塘，它栖身于千年书院之内，非那种无名氏或暴发户可比。此外，池以文传，历代有关的题咏且不去说它，南宋朱熹那首有名的《观书有感》，我就怀疑是这一方清池灌溉而成，宋代乾道三年（公元一一六七年）秋八月，时年三十八岁的朱熹来岳麓书院讲学，和抗金名将张俊之孙张轼寓居于清泉之侧的百泉轩，题匾额“百泉轩”三字。他的《观书有感》是：半亩方塘一鉴开，天光云影共徘徊。问渠哪得清如许？为有源头活水来。

⑥他写的是读书的感受，不也正是我眼前的清池景色？我想叩百泉轩的门环去请教朱老夫子，可是那里已经成了文房四宝等物的展卖厅，朱老夫子则早已不见踪影，只有注入清池的活水凉凉而潺潺犹似旧时。

⑦从滚滚红尘中偷跑出来，小坐在如此的清池之旁，读清池如同读一部佛典，可以消除你扰攘于尘世中的许多俗念与忧烦，好像远行人在赤日炎炎中于路边的一处凉亭歇息，和清池相映成趣的天籁与人籁，最好是几句鸟语，数行书声……

⑧不过，这清池究竟和什么相仿佛呢？如果有人说它像一方砚池，那我倒会欣然赞同，因为它们不仅外形相似，而且文房四宝之一的砚池也是书院中的必备之物。身为越来越商业化功利化的社会中的文人，我也祈望清池能洗我俗肠，助我灵思，润我彩笔，让我也写出可圈可点甚至鹏飞远举的文章来。于是，记不起是哪一天，我离开书院时就将这一曲清池一方名砚带走，至今珍藏在我的怀袖。

（1）下列说法不正确的两项是（）（）（5分）

A．第⑤段提到南宋朱嘉的《观书有感》，体现了岳麓书院这一方清池富有的文化意蕴。

B．第④段“如同时下的股票交易市场和热闹的夜总会”，用对比突出了清池给人们带来心灵上的安静。

C．第⑥段写到百泉轩只有注入清池的活水仍是旧时的，表达出作者对物是人非的悲哀之情。

D．第②段对乡野的池塘的写作，是为了衬托我对书院的那一方清池

的喜爱。

E．第⑦段“几句鸟语”，一个“句”字，巧妙地把学府氛围和作家志趣所共有的“清雅”暗示出来了。

F．作者把书院清池比作一方“砚池”，是表明作者对越来越商业化功利化的社会愤慨不平的一面。

（2）根据第②—⑤段的内容，概括作者描写的书院清池所具有的特点。（6分）

（3）第③段作者对书院清池的描写很有特色，请选择一个角度进行赏析。（6分）

（4）作者建议将书院清池的雅号“碧沼观鱼”更名为“洗心池”，你觉得哪个名字更好？请说明理由。（8分）

（1）C、F

（2）1）秀美（美）；2）宁静、清幽（静、安静）；3）富有文化意蕴（3）文章第③段对蝉声的写作是为了体现：文化意蕴（给人以历史遐想）。书院清池的静。

角度参考：①视觉听觉的结合②动静的结合③古诗词引用，增加文化内涵④运用比喻、比拟等修辞手法⑤语言富于创造性，炼字。

示例：语言形象精练。如描写荷花，不说“几朵”，而说“几盏”，这就是创造。荷花与旧时灯盏颇为形似，“且”盏字又使人联想到灯光的亮丽，因而暗喻荷花色彩的鲜明，又与全句“火焰”的设喻，“从夏日一直烧到深秋”的点染经络贯通。作家把荷花简直描绘得千娇百媚，光彩照人。

（任选一个角度即可，角度选择恰当2分，具体赏析4分）

（4）参考：

认为“碧沼观鱼”好：古代的书院培养的是有文化有教养的“修身齐家治国平天下”的人才，“碧沼观鱼”表现的是一种士大夫的雅趣。书院不是佛寺道观，不会去追求清心寡欲，不会像寺庙一样到处写满了“清”“净”“空”“灵”“绝尘”“离寰”一类的出世语言。所以，古人取名“碧沼观鱼”，是和书院的环境相吻合的。

认为“洗心池”好：作者生活在现代沸腾的社会中，既有强烈的用世之心（写出可圈可点甚至鹏飞远举的文章来），又被滚滚红尘的商业化功利化弄得心绪不宁，所以他看重的是“洗心”（让疲惫的心得到片刻的休憩）。由更名可窥作者的“明镜自鉴”的人生追求，从中表现了作者对世俗尘垢的反思和灵魂净化的向往，对人格的自我完善的美好襟怀。

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