FATMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试2003真题

PAPER ONE

Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)

Section A

Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question

about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you

hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C,

and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the

ANSWER SHEET.

Listen to the following example.

You will hear:

Woman：I feel faint.

Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.

Question: What’s the matter with the woman?

You will read:

A．She is sick.

B．She was bitten by an ant.

C．She is hungry.

D．She spilled her paint.

Here C is the right answer.

Sample answer

A B C D

Now let’s begin with question Number 1.

1．A．A shop assistant.

B．A physician.

C．A pediatrician.

D．An ophthalmologist.

2．A．To make a call to the hospital.

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B. To go to the man’s house immediately.

C. To expect the doctor’s call.

D. To take a message.

3. A. There’s only one point he doesn’t understand.

B. He refuses to take any help.

C. These questions won’t be on the exam.

D. He would like some help.

4. A. Dr. Smith isn’t a good choice.

B. She’s never been treated by Dr. Smith.

C. She’s been sitting in the waiting room for too long.

D. She’s like to recommend a magazine to the man.

5. A. The man has seen the fungi for tree times.

B. The man is not careful enough.

C. The man has been watching it for three days.

D. The man is the woman’s teacher.

6. A. He was fired.

B. He was blamed for bad service.

C. He was promoted.

D. He was warned not to be late again.

7. A. People enjoy shopping in the drug store.

B. People spend little time in the drug store.

C. People who spent shorter time in the store are more likely to

buy something there.

D. People spend too much time reading articles about quick

cures sold there.

8. A. His computer doesn’t work.

B. He doesn’t understand his staff working on computer.

C. He registered for the wrong course.

D. He doesn’t know how to apply the computer theories.

9. A. It is easy to take care of her three teenager boys.

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B. Nancy’s life is easy compared with the woman’s.

C. Nancy lives a more difficult life.

D. Nancy would like to take care of her three boys.

10. A. New York.

B. San Francisco.

C. Seattle.

D. San Diego.

11. A. Sunny bought a new computer.

B. Sunny got a bargain.

C. Mike bought a new computer.

D. Mike got a bargain.

12. A. The patient is ringing a bell.

B. Her name sounds beautiful.

C. Nancy Johnson is ringing the bell now.

D. Her name sounds familiar.

13. A. The woman doesn’t like orange juice.

B. The woman forgot to buy orange juice.

C. The man was in a car crash this morning.

D. The man broke the container of juice.

14. A. John is a plumber.

B. John was too busy to come.

C. John was not at home when the woman called.

D. The woman dialed the wrong number.

15. A. His luck hasn’t been good.

B. He is a lucky man.

C. He decided not to do the lottery again.

D. He doesn’t care about money.

Section B

Directions: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible

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answers marker A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark

the letter of your choice on your ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

16. A. Bridge-building experts.

B. Washington Roebling.

C. John Roebling.

D. The Roebling.

17. A. Only the Roebling had confidence in it.

B. It came up against financial problems.

C. Experts showed great interest in it.

D. It took John Roebling 13 years to complete the project.

18. A. He was killed at the building site.

B. He was injured in a traffic accident.

C. He was seriously eyesight-damaged.

D. He was seriously brain-damaged.

19. A. His language.

B. His limbs.

C. His brain.

D. His mind.

20. A. Because the project was spectacular.

B. Because the project seemed impossible.

C. Because the building instructions were given with one finger.

D. All of the above.

Passage Two

21. A. The American population increased by 40 percent.

B. So many school children died of polio in the nation.

C. A polio plague swept the nation.

D. A polio vaccine was developed.

22. A. A vaccine for polio.

B. A rare form of cancer.

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C. A disease similar to AIDS.

D. A virus from monkeys.

23. A. They were at risk of getting cancer.

B. They became victims of poliomyelitis.

C. They were involved in a medical investigation.

D. They were injected with tainted vaccines.

24. A. 30 percent.

B. 40 percent.

C. 50 percent.

D. 60 percent.

25. A. All the injections given 40 years ago were contaminated.

B. The contaminated vaccines may cause cancer in humans.

C. V accines are responsible for brain tumors.

D. Brain tumors had increased by 40%.

Passage Three

26. A. 1969.

B. 1977.

C. 1997.

D. 2000.

27. A. To help answer parent’s questions about children’s growth.

B. To separate fat babies from normal ones.

C. To revise the familiar children’s growth chart.

D. To identify whether a person is overweight.

28. A. It can differentiate between fat babies and thin babies.

B. It can identify a child’s possibility of growing fat from babyhood.

C. It can give parents some advice on children’s diet.

D. It can remind parents of something they neglected in their childhood.

29. A. When his BMI is at 23rd percentile or above.

B. When his BMI is at 75th percentile or above.

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C. When his BMI is at 95th percentile or above.

D. When his BMI is at 97th percentile or above.

30. A. Setting a good example for their children.

B. Disciplining their children.

C. Reflecting the nature of modern-day-life.

D. Changing their children’s health behavior.

Part II Vocabulary (10%)

Section A

Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete, beneath each of which are four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase

that can best completes the statement and mark the letter of your choice on

the ANSWER SHEET.

31. Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate

with someone in English.

A. frustrated

B. depressed

C. approved

D. distracted

32. The company has ______ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.

A. promised

B. committed

C. attributed

D. converted

33. I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.

A. in honor of

B. in search of

C. in place of

D. in favor of

34. Salk won _____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective

vaccine against polio.

A. accomplishment

B. qualification

C. eminence

D. patent

35. This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.

A. tailored

B. administrated

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C. entailed

D. accustomed

36. The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergency but a

hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are ____.

A. in circulation

B. under consideration

C. on hand

D. at stake

37. As we need plain, ____ food for the body, so we must have serious reading

for the mind.

A. wholesome

B. diet

C. tasteful

D. edible

38. He never gave much thought to the additional kilograms he had ____ lately.

A. shown up

B. piled up

C. put on

D. taken on

39. The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her student’s test papers.

A. irregular

B. illiterate

C. illegible

D. irrational

40. A coronary disease is the widely-used term ____ insufficiency of blood

supply to the heart.

A. denoting

B. donating

C. relating

D. resorting

Section B

Directions: In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined,beneath which are four words or phrases. Choose the word or

phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is

substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choice on the

ANSWER SHEET.

41. Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an alarming rate.

A. appalling

B. appealing

C. alert

D. abnormal

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42. Drinking water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with

bacteria.

A. purified

B. multiplied

C. tainted

D. blended

43. One of the most noticeable features of U.S. society is the diversity of its

people.

A. liberty

B. democracy

C. variety

D. origin

44. The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for more

than twenty years.

A. resentment

B. consensus

C. notion

D. dispute

45. As human settlement advance, the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller

every year.

A. retrieving

B. sprawling

C. consuming

D. withdrawing

46. The war’s impact on the population of the country was catastrophic.

A. influential

B. disastrous

C. apparent

D. critical

47. His physician told him not to take too much of the drug because it was very

potent.

A. bitter

B. irritant

C. effective

D. powerful

48. Certain drugs can cause transient side effects, such as sleepiness.

A. permanent

B. residual

C. irreversible

D. fleeting

49. Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.

A. complain of

B. give rise to

C. originate in

D. dominate over

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50. Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his character.

A. form

B. correct

C. modify

D. improve

Part ⅢCloze （10%）

Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed on the right

side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the

ANSWER SHEET.

51. A. pay off

There were red faces at one of B. pay up

Britain’s biggest banks recently. They C. pay for

had accepted a telephone order to buy D. pay out

$100,000 worth of shares from a

fifteen-old schoolboy(they thought he 52. A. principle

was twenty-one).The shares fell in value B. criterion

and the schoolboy was unable to __51__. C. custom

The bank lost $20,000 on the D. deal

__52__ that it cannot get back

because, for one thing, this young 53. A. to be

speculator does not have the money and, B. having been

for another, __53__ under eighteen, he is C. being

not legally liable for his debts. If the D. is

shares had risen in value by the same

amount that they fell, he would have 54. A. profit

pocketed $20,000 __54__. Not bad for a B. advantage

fifteen-year-old. It certainly is better than C. benefit

__55__ the morning newspaper. In D. commission

another recent case, a boy of fourteen

found, in his grandfather’s house, a 55. A. sending

suitcase full of foreign banknotes. The B. transmitting

clean, crisp, banknotes looked very C. delivering

D. dispatching

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_56_ but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy _57_ straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashiers did not realize that the country in _58_ had reduced the value of its currency by 90%.they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. In three days, before he was found out, he took $200,000 from nine different banks._59_, he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restaurant meals, concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends (at least he was generous!) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the banks have _60_ a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs. 56. A. convincing

B. valuable

C. unusual

D. priceless

57. A. came

B. pulled

C. headed

D. pushed

58. A. problem

B. question

C. talk

D. saying

59. A. Interestingly

B. Unfortunately

C. Particularly

D Amazingly

60. A. kissed goodbye to

B. got rid of

C. lived up to

D. made up for

Part ⅣReading Comprehension (30%) Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marled A,

B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice

in the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists, and other diligent scientists, our

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standards of living would decline, our flourishing, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.

Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, disease such as polio, measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these diseases may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.

In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine, our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.

Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society; however, they were not present until scientists discovered them.

Because of the contribution of scientists, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprises our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.

61. In the first paragraph the author implies that we

A. would not survive without science

B. take the amenities of science for granted

C. could have raised the standards of living with science

D. would be free of disease because of scientific advances

62. The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate

A. how science has been developed

B. what science means to society

C. what the nature of science is

D. how disease affects society

63. Nothing, according to the author, can match the invention of the computer in

terms of

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A. power

B. novelty

C. benefits

D. complexity

64. The author seems to be unhappy about __________.

A. people’s ingnorance of their culture

B. people’s ignoring the amenities of science

C. people’s making no contributions to society

D. people’s misunderstanding of scientific advances

65. The author’s tone in the passage is ________.

A. critieal

B. cognizant

C. appreaciative

D. paradoxical

Passage Two

Biotechnology is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therapy, in solving food problems, in energy saving, in environmentally compatible industrial and agricultural production, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects. Genetically altered microorganisms can break down a wide range of pollutions by being used, for example, in bio-filters and wastewater-treatment facilitiee, and in the clean-up of polluted sites. Genetically modified organisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pesticides,fertilizers, and medications.

Sustainability, as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the economy, in accordance with ecological criteria. Political leaders and scientists alike face the challenge of recognizing interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies. To meet this challenge, decision-makers require interdisciplinary approaches and strategies that cut across political lines. Environmental discussions must become more objective, and this includes, especially, debates about the risks of new technologies, which are often ideologically charged. In light of the complex issues involved in sustainable development, we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policies.

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Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of the political sector,of society,and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action.A dialogue among representatives of all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental ploicies are to be devised and implemented.

66. Biotechnology_________.

A. can help save energy and integrate industry and agriculture

B. can rid humans of diseases and solve food problems

C. can treat pollution and protect environment

D. all of the above

67. Wastewater can be treated________.

A. in genetic engineering

B. by means of biotechnology

C. in agriculture as well as in industry

D. without the need for breaking down pollutants

68. When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines,the

author means that they________.

A. involve economic issues

B. observe ecological criteria

C. are politically significant

D. overcome political barriers

69. It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable

development_______.

A. makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards

B. renders environmental discussion possible

C. charges new technologies risks

D. requires simplification

70. The success of sustainable development lies in________.

A. its concept to be

B. good social teamwork

C. appropriate environmental policies

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D. the representatives of all sectors of society

Passage Three

People from around the world flock to the United States excepting to find a better life. But to scientist’s surprise, a growing body of evidence indicates that increasing familiarity with U.S. culture and society renders immigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physical ailments, even if they attain financial success.

The latest study of this phenomenon, directed by epidemiologist William A. V ega of the University of Texas, San Antonio, finds much higher rates of major depression, substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S. -born Mexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standing Mexican-Americans. This pattern held regardless of education or income levels.

V ega’s results appear at the same time as the release of a national report on declining physical and mental health in children of immigrant families. A panel convened by the national research council and the institute of medicine, both in Washington, D.C., reviewed previous studies and concluded that assimilation into a U.S. lifestyle may undermine the overall health of immigrant children much more than being poor dose.

In contrast, studies of nonimmigrant us residents usually link poverty to poor physical and mental health.

“The material on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewed it,”says panel member Arthus M. Kleinman, a psychiatrist and anthropologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “V ega’s study is consistent with the panel’s conclusion that immigrants’health deteriorates with assimilation to U..S. society, declining toward general U.S. norms,”says Kleinman. Other studies have indicated that citizens of many countries, including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizens.

V ega’s team interviewed 3,012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59, living in Fresno County, Calif. Of that number, 1,810 people identified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were in English or Spanish. Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues only and tried to minimize any tendency of participants to lie—due to US residency concerns---about having immigrated.

Nearly one-half of U.S.-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from at least one of 12 psychiatric disorders at some time in their lives, compared with only one-quarter of immigrants. Common mental conditions in U..S.-born individuals

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included major depression, phobias and other anxiety disorders, and substance abuse and dependence.

Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who had immigrated within the past 13 years .The higher rates found among immigrants of 13 or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.

71.V ega’s group was surprised to find worse physical and mental health in

________.

A. both recent and long –standing Mexican-American immigrants

B. the immigrants who received fewer years of education

C. the financially disadvantaged immigrants

D. U.S.-born Mexican-American

72. The scientists found that the immigrants’ declining physical and mental health

is linked to________.

A. being reluctant to assimilate into the U.S. lifestyle

B. blending with U.S. culture and society

C. working hard for a better life

D. being poor

73.V ega and Kleinman__________.

A. are divided over the phenomenon

B. ascribe the phenomenon to racial discrimination

C. puzzle over the phenomenon

D. seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon

74.V ega’s team interviewed the immigrants___________.

A. for their U.S.residency concerns

B. for their identifications

C. for their health issues

D. all of the above

75.Which of the following groups is least susceptible to mental disorders?

A. The U.S.-born Mexican –Americans

B. The immigrants of 13 or more years

C. The immigrants of financial success

D. The immigrants of less than 13 years.

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Passage Four

Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of the precipitation in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it as drinking water.

Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with toxic levels of atrazine, regularly exceeded in rain, ”says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. The chemicals appear to have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.

Both the European Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide of drinking water. But , especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm, rain can contain much more than that.

In a study to be published by Muller and his colleague Thomas Bucheli in Analytical Chemistry this summer, one sample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4-dinitrophenol, a widely used pesticide. Previously, the authors had shown that in rain samples taken from 41 storms, nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter, one of them around 900 nanograms.

In the latest study, the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a ling dry spell, particularly when local fields had recently been sprayed, Until now, scientists had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields.

Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge underground water may be adding to be danger. This water often contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such as bitumen sheets, to prevent vegetation growing. He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water ,which is not usually treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.

76. According to the Swedish scientists, the pesticides in rain__________.

A. exceed those in crop sprays

B. can be traced back to crop sprays

C. are not as toxic as they used to be

D. are nothing but atrazine and alachlor

77. Muller and Bucheli found that 2,4-dinitrophenol_________.

A. is widely used in agriculture

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B. exceeded atrazine in the rain samples

C. can be measured in the units of nanograms

D. was far in excess of limit in drinking water

78.Scientists used to hypothesize that________.

A. groundwater was sage for drinking water

B. herbicides and pesiticides were harmless

C. pesticides contaminated groundwater of drinking water

D. rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water

79.Muller warns us not_________.

A. to tap groundwater for drinking water

B. to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheets

C. to let the first flush of rain recharge underground water

D. to divert the first flush of rain into sewers without removing its

herbicides and pesticides

80.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking Water

B. Rainwater and Underground Water

C. Agriculture and Pesticides

D. Falling Pesticides.

Passage Five

Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people with sight. Scientists have a new reason to believe it.

Research now indicates that blind and sighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears, but some blind people can home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked. Canadian scientists described the work in the Sept. 17 NATURE.

Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated room. They faced 16 small, concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away. With a headrest keeping their heads steady, the participants pointed to the perceived origins of the sounds.

The researchers tested eight blind people, who had been completely sightless from birth or since a very early age. They also tested three nearly blind persons, who had some residual vision at the periphery of their gaze; seven sighted people wearing

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blindfolds; and 29 sighted people without blindfolds. All participants were tested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.

When restricted to one-ear, or monaural, listening, four of the eight blind people identified sound sources more accurately than did the sighted people , says study co-author Michel Pare, a neuroscientist at the University of Montreal. The sighted people showed especially poor localization of sounds from the speakers on the side of the blocked ear.

In sighted people who can hear with both ears, “the brain learns to rely on binaural〔stereo〕cues. These data suggest that blind people haven’t learned that and Keep monaural cues as the dominant cues,”says Eric I. Knudsen, a neurobiologist at Stanford University School of Medicine, “I find it surprising.”

81. One thing is sure that participants in the study__________.

A. had normal hearing

B. were born blind

C. wore blindfolds

D. were divided into two groups

82. Under what conditions, according to Pare ,did the blind testees perform better

than their sighted counterparts?

A When both used one ear.

B When the speakers were concealed.

C. When the sounds were tuned down.

D. When both were restricted to blindfolds.

83. Knudsen explained the better hearing on the part of the blind in terms of

_________.

A cognitive psychology

B visual images

C binaural cues

D monaural cues

84. The Canadian scientists did their test to answer the question whether

__________.

A. the blind can hear as well as the sighted

B. the blind have hearing capabilities

C. blind people track sounds better

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D. folk wisdom is educational.

85. What Folk wisdom holds in the passage .

A. was scientifically tested in Canada and U.S., with different results

Produced

B. has bean scientifically verified

C. merits further investigation

D. is surprising to everyone

Passage Six

“I got cancer in my prostrate.”Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fictional 15th Precinct, a stoic, big bear of a man, is clearly in a world of pain in a 1998 episode of NYPD Blue. The story line deals not only with cancer but also with medical screw-ups, hospital indignities, and physician arrogance. The malapropism (Andy, of course, meant “prostate”) is about the only medical detail the show got wrong-and it was deliberate, in keeping with Sipowicz’s coarse but tenderhearted character. Television, which can still depict death as an event akin to fainting, is beginning to try harder to get its health information right. And a handful of foundations and consultants are working to get the attention of writers, producers, and assorted Hollywood moguls, trying to convince them that, in the area of medicine, the truth is as compelling as fiction.

The stakes are high. Surveys show a surprising number of Americans get much of their basic health information not from their doctors, not eves from newspapers or news magazines, but from entertainment television. A survey by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that among people who watch soap operas at least twice a week-more than 38 million people-about half learned something about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials. Some 7 percent actually visited a doctor because of something they viewed.

Certain television shows are naturals for health education. The Clinton Administration has been quick so recognize the potency of the entertainment media as a health promoter. Secretary Donna Shalala, whose Department of Health and Human Services educates the public through traditional brochures and public service Announcements, has offered TV writers the sources of her department to help them ensure accuracy. “Entertainment television reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans,”she told U.S. News. “In recent years, I lave challenged television talk-show hosts, writers, and producers--as professionals, parents and citizens-to use this incredible power to help Americans get accurate public health information.”

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医学考博英语词汇汇总

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