美国文学期末复习题
2013-2014-1 美国文学史及选读期末复习材料
ⅠMultiple choices
1. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?
A. Common Sense
B. The American Crisis
C. The Rights of Man
D. The Autobiography
2. “These are the times that try men’s souls”, these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence. Who is the author of these words?
A.Benjamin Franklin
B. Thomas Paine
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. George Washington
3. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ______.
A. Chartist Movement
B. Romanticist Movement
C. Enlightenment Movement
D. Modernist Movement
4. In American literature, the Enlighteners were favorable to______.
A. the colonial order
B. religious obscurantism
C. the Puritan tradition
D. the secular literature
5. The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted ______ in 177
6.
A. Declaration of Independence
B. the Sugar Act
C. the Stamp Act
D. the Mayflower Compact
6. ______ usually was regarded as the first American writer.
A. William Bradford
B. Anne Bradstreet
C. Emily Dickinson
D. Captain John Smith
7. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “______” who appeared in America.
A. Ninth Muse
B. Tenth Muse
C. Best Muse
D. First Muse
8. Who was considered as the “poet of American Revolution”?
A. Anne Bradstreet
B. Edward Taylor
C. Michael Wigglesworth
D. Philip Freneau
9. In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet ______ to appear in America up to that time.
A. Edward Taylor
B. Philip Freneau
C. William Cullen Bryant
D. Edgar Allen Poe
10. The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in ______.
A. The Scarlet Letter
B. Young Goodman Brown
C. The Marble Faun
D. The Ambitious Guest
11. “The universe is composed of Nature and the soul… Spirit is present everywhere”. This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England ______.
A. Romanticism
B. Transcendentalism
C. Naturalism
D. Symbolism
12. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?
A. Nature
B. Walden
C. On Beauty
D. Self-Reliance
13. Mark Twain created, in _________, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature.
A. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn
B. The Adventure of Tom Sawyer
C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
D. The Gilded Age
14. _________ marks the climax of Mark Twain’s literary creativity.
A . The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn B. The Gilded Age
C. Life on the Mississippi
D. The Adventure of Tom Sawyer
15. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James.
A. The Ambassadors
B. The Wings of the Dove
C. The Bostonians
D. The Mysterious Stranger
16. Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be _________.
A. transcendentalists
B. idealists
C. pessimists
D. impressionists
17. Ezra Pound’s long poem _________ contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected.
A. The Waste Land
B. The Cantos
C. Don Juan
D. Queen Mab
18. T. S. Eliot’s first major poem _________(1917), has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.
A. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
B. The Waste Land
C. Four Quartets
D. Preludes
19. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel _________.
A. The Old Man and the Sea
B. For Whom the Bell Tolls
C. The Sun Also Rises
D. A Farewell to Arms
20. In William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called _________, in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of one character.
A. stream of consciousness
B. imagism
C. symbolism
D. naturalism
21. Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and ______, there arose a kind of teachings of transcendentalism in the early nineteenth century.
A.Herman Melville
B. Henry David Thoreau
C. Mark Twain
D. Theodore Dreiser
22. A New ______ had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the nineteenth century.
A. realism
B. critical realism
C. romanticism
D. naturalism
23. From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, ______ which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.
A. Walden
B. Nature
C. Civil Disobedience
D. Common Sense
24. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his _________.
A. international theme
B. waste-land imagery
C. local color
D. symbolism
25. Herman Melville’s ______ is an encyclopedia of everything: history, philosophy religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
A. The Old Man and the Sea
B. Moby Dick
C. White Jacket C. Billy Budd
26. The ship “______” carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.
A. Sunflower
B. Armada
C. Mayflower
D. Pequod
27. From 1733 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous ______, an annual collection of proverbs.
A. The Autobiography
B. Poor Richard’s Almanac
C. Common Sense
D. The General Magazine
28. In American literature, the eighteen-century was the age of the Enlightenment. ______ was the dominant spirit.
A. Humanism
B. Rationalism
C. Revolution
D. Evolution
29. ______ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.
A. Henry David Thoreau
B. Ralph Waldo Emerson
C. Nathaniel Hawthorne
D. Walt Whitman
30. Edgar Allen Poe’s first collection of short stories is ______.
A. Tales of a Traveler
B. Leatherstocking Tales
C. Canterbury Tales
D. Tales of the Grotesque of Arabesque
31. ______ was a romanticized account of Herman Melville’s stay among the Polynesians. The success of the book soon made Melville well known as the “man who lived among cannibals”.
A. Moby Dick
B. Typee
C. Omoo
D. Billy Budd
32. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?
A.The American Scholar
B. English Traits
C. The Conduct of Life
D. Representative Men
33. The three dominant figures of the realistic period in American literature are _________.
A. Theodore Dreiser, Emily Dickinson and William Dean Howells
B. Mark Twain, Henry James and William Dean Howells
C. Mark Twain, Theodore Dreiser and William Dean Howells
D. Mark Twain, Emily Dickinson and William Dean Howells
34. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was _________.
A. Anne Bradstreet
B. Jane Austen
C. Emily Dickinson
D. Harriet Beecher
35. In 1900, London published his first collection of short stories, named_________.
A. The Son of the Wolf
B. The Sea Wolf
C. The Law of Life
D. White Fang
36. In Henry James’Daisy Miler, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of _________.
A. the force of convention
B. the free spirit of the New World
C. the decline of aristocracy
D. the corruption of the newly rich
37. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by _________.
A. T.S. Eliot
B. Robert Frost
C. Ezra Pound
D.
E.E.Cumings
38. The Fitzgerald lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as _________.
A. The Roaring Twenties
B. The Jazz Age
C. The Dollar Decade
D. all of the above
39. In 1954, _________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”.
A. T.S Eliot
B. Ernest Hemingway
C. John Steinbeck
D. William Faukner
40. William Faukner’s novel _________ describes the decay and downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, symbolizing the old social order, told from four different points of view.
A. The Sound and the Fury
B. Startoris
C. The Unvanquished
D. The Town
41. “The Lure of the Spirit: The Flesh in Pursuit” i s the title of one chapter in Dreiser’s novel _________.
A. An American Dream
B. Sister Carrie
C. Dreiser Looks at Russia
D. Jannie Gerhardt
42. The main theme of _________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.
A. Henry James’
B. William Dean Howells’
C. Mark Twain’s
D. O. Henry’s
43. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _________became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.
A. sentimentalism
B. romanticism
C. realism
D. naturalism
44. While embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel _________.
A. The Call of the Wild
B. The Sea Wolf
C. Martin Eden
D. The Iron Heel
45_________ is a novella about a young American girl who gets “killed” by the winter in Rome, and it brought Henry James international fame for the first time.
A. The American
B. The Europeans
C. Daisy Miller
D. The Portait of a Lady
Answers: 1-5 DBCDA 6-10 DBDCA 11-15 BAAAD 16-20 CBADA
21-25 BCCCB 26-30 CBBBD 31-35 BABCA 36-40 BCDBA 41-45 BACCC
ⅡFilling the following blanks with proper answers
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer.
2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people.
3.The first major intellectual spokesman of the Massachusetts Bay colony was John Cotton, sometimes called “the Patriarch of New England.”
4.Anne Bradstreet published The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, and she was nicknamed the tenth Muse.
5.Poor Richard’s Almanac is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin.
6.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”.
7.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
8.Philip Freneau developed a natural, simple, and concrete diction, best illustrated in such nature lyrics as “The Wild Honey Suckle” and “The Indian Burying Ground”.
9.Philip Freneau has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.
10.In Washington Irving’s Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.
11.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise the Leatherstocking tales.
12.“To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant’s wok.
13.“Thanatopsis”, William Cullen Bryant’s best-known poem, consists of four stanzas in iambic tetrameter abab. The title means “view of death”.
14.Edgar Allan Poe is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”.
15.Emerson believed above all in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance.
16.In Walden, Thoreau thought it better for a man to work one day a week and rest six, and the rest of the time could be devoted to thought.
17.Hawthorne’s stories touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature.
18.Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.
19.After his death, Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.
20.Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, had become an American institution and the most famous literary woman in the world.
21.William Dean Howells found his subject matter in the experiences of the American middle class.
22.William Dean Howells called for the treatment of the “smiling aspects of life” as being the more “American.”
23.The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment.
24.The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called free verse.
25.O·Henry’s stories are usually short and interesting; Famous for their surprising end.
26.Henry James is famous for his international theme of the traditionless American confronting the complexity of European life.
27.Jack London believed in the inevitable triumph of the strongest individuals.
28.Dreiser’s greatest and most successful novel, An American Tragedy, is about a young man who acts as if the only way he can be truly fulfilled is by acquiring wealth—through marriage if necessary.
29.Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a “Lost Generation,” devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.
30.Wallace Stevens’ work is primarily motivated by the belief that “ideas of order”.
31.With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called “a lost generation.”
Ⅲ Decide whether the statements are true or false (T/F).
1. John Winthrop’s reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been regarded as the first distinct American literature written in English.
2. In 1612, William Bradford published in England a book called A Map of Virginia; With a description of the country.
3. Philip Freneau was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit.
4. Ralph Waldo Emerson was recognized as the leader of transcendentalist movement, but he always applied the term “Transcendentalist” to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.
5. To Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville, the telling of a tale was a way of inquiring into the meaning of life.
6. Walt Whitman was attacked in his lifetime for his offensive subject matter of sexuality and for his conventional style.
7. Tom Sawyer walked out of Twain’s pages directly from his fresh memory of his boyhood in the west.
8. Hurstwood is a character in Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie.
9. In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights.
10. Edwin Arlington Robinson began his career as a novalist in bleakness and poverty.
11.The greatest of America’s realists, such as Henry James and Mark Twain, moved well beyond a superficial portrayal of nineteenth-century America.
12.Henry James was a realist in the same way as one views the realism of Mark Twain or William Dean Howells.
13.Sister Carrie is generally regarded as Theodore Dreiser’s masterpiece.
14.Generally speaking, Jack London was much more interested in ideas than Stephen Crane and less sentimental than Frank Norris.
15.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s prose style was sometimes as highly individual as his poetry.
16. American literature is the oldest of all national literature.
17. Georgia, Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, New York, New England, all were named after French monarchs and lands.
18. Benjamin Franklin was a prose stylist whose writing reflected the neoclassic ideals of clarity, restraint, simplicity and balance.
19. The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe’s poems.
20. The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. It is an elaboration of a fact which the author took out of the life of the Puritan past.
21. Walt Whitman was so great that he won respect and love during his lifetime for his Leaves of Grass.
22. Many of O. Henry’s stories contain a lot of slang and colloquial expressions, just like his own speech.
23. Henry James was a realist in the same way as one views the realism of Mark Twain or William Dean Howells.
24. Robert Frost rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, and chose “the old-fashioned way to be new” instead.
25. John Steinbeck’s theme was usually that simple human virtues such as kindness and fair treatment were far superior to official hard-heartedness, or the dehumanizing cruelty of exploiters for their own commercial advantage.
26. Transcendentalists spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.
27. Washington Irving was the first great belletrist, writing always for pleasure, and to produce pleasure.
28. James Fennimore Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga.
29. Puritan influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable.
30. “Young Goodman Brown” seems to prove everyone possesses some evil secrets
1-5 FFTFT 6-10FTTFF 11-15 TFFTT 16-20 FFTFT 21-25FFFTT 26-30 TTTTT
ⅣAnswer the following questions briefly.
1. These are the times that try men’s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly—This dearness only that gives everything its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods.
Questions:
(1)Which book is this passage taken from?
(2)Who is the author of this book?
(3)Whom is the author praising? Whom is the author criticizing?
(4)What do you think of the language?
Answers:
(1) The American Crisis.
(2) Thomas Paine
(3) Paine is praising those who stand “it”, it referring to “the service of their country”. In the meantime, Paine is criticizing those who shrink from the service of their country in this crisis.
(4) The language is plain, impressive and forceful. Paine himself once said that his purpose as a writer was to use plain language to make those who can scarcely read understand and to fit the powers of thinking and the turn of language to the subject, so as to bring out a clear conclusion that shall hit the point in question and nothing else.
2.It was not very long after speaking the Goney that another homeward-bound whaleman, the Town-Ho, was encountered. She was manned almost wholly by Polynesians. In the short gam that ensued she gave us strong news of Moby Dick. To some the general interest in the White Whale was now widly heightened by circumstance of the Town-Ho’s story, which seemed obscurely to involve with the whale a certain wondrous, inverted visitation of one of those so called judgments of God which at times are said to overtake some men. This latter circumstance, with its own particular accompaniments, forming what may be called the secret part of the tragedy about to be narrated, never reached the ears of Captain Ahab or his mates…Nevertheless, so potent and influence did this thing have on those seamen in the Pequod who came to the full knowledge of it, and by such a strange delicacy, to call it so, were they governed in this matter, that they kept the secret among themselves so that it never transpired
abaft the Pequod’s main-mast. Interweaving in its proper place this darker thread with the story as publicly narrated on the ship, the whole of this strange affair I now proceed to put on lasting record.
Questions:
(1)From which novel is this paragraph taken?
(2) What is the name of the novelist?
(3) Who is Ahab?
(4) What is Pequod?
(5) What is the theme of the novel?
Answers:
(1) Moby Dick
(2) Herman Melville
(3) The captain of the whaling ship
(4) The name of the whaling ship
(5) The rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the universe and its awesome sometimes merciless forces.
3. When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human temper. There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, a vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms. Without a counselor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognized for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens then perverts the simpler human perceptions.
Questions:
(1) From which novel is this paragraph taken?
(2) Who is the author of this novel?
(3) How do you understand “the cosmopolitan standard of virtue”?
(4) Is there any naturalist tendency in this passage?
Answers:
(1)Sister Carrie
(2) Theodore Dreiser
(3) “The cosmopolitan standard of virtue” is something that makes a person become low in virtue and become worse.
(4) Yes.
4. Briefly discuss the novel The Great Gatsby
The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is one of the greatest novels in American literature. It fully explores the disillusionment and despair of the lost generation through the personal tragedy of a young man whose “incorruptib le Dream”is easily smashed into pieces by the crude reality. The protagonist, Gatsby, is a mythical figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a state of mind that embodies American itself. His failure magnifies the end of the American Dream. The style of the story is explicit and chilly. Fitzgerald’s accurate dialogues, his careful observation of mannerism and the colorful images provide the reader with a vivid and profound scene of the reality.
5. What are the three main principles that Ezra Pound endorsed?
(1)Directly treat poetic subjects.
(2)Eliminate merely ornamental or superfluous words.
(3)Rhythmical composition in the sequence of the musical phrase rather than in the sequence of metronome.
6.Tell the differences between Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman
(1)Emily Dickinson expresses the inner life of individuals, while Walt Whitman keeps his eyes on the society at large.
(2)Emily Dickinson is “regional”, while Walt Whitman is “national” in his outlook.
(3)Formally, Emily Dickinson uses concise, simple dictions and syntax, while Walt Whitman uses endless, all-inclusive catalogs.
ⅤEssay Writing (这个部分给大家的答案只是罗列了回答的要点，要将其连缀成文，如果简单按复习题给的答案罗列，只得一半分数)
1. Write a short essay about the novel The Grapes of Wrath
Writer: John Steinbeck----won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962; spoke for the oppressed and suffered Background information: (1) Oklahoma used to be a major agricultural state. In the 1930s, a draught ruined this place. People had to leave here to seek a way out. Many of them went to California in hope of finding jobs there to support their family. (2)The Great Depression.
Meaning of title: (1) Hope to despair; (2) Wrath of people; (3) Indications of revolution.
Theme: (1) Embodying the mass misery of farmers; (2) Praising the spirit of love and unity; (3) Advocating fight and struggle for better life.
Structure: (1) Its structure is dictated by the bible; (2) There are two blocks of material: a. the westward trek of the Joads; b. the depressed Oklahomans, and the general picture of the Great Depression.
Symbols: (1) dust---evil forces; (2) grapes---hope→rage
2. Write a short essay about the novel A Farewell to Arms
Writer: Hemingway---- (1) in 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize; (2) Main works: The Sun also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The old Man and the Sea. (3) His major contribution: a. Code hero---grace under pressure; b. Iceberg Theory---economy of expression; (4) the lost generation
Background information: World War Ⅱ
Theme: shows the filth, meaningless, calamity of war; the death, the nothingness of life; the disillusionment with future, hope and love, happiness. The universe is indifferent. There is no God to watch over man.
Characters: Henry--- initially detached from life----though well-disciplined and friendly, he feels as if he has nothing to do with the war. After falling in love with Catherine he became a code hero in some way. Catherine---code hero: unfaltering devotion to Henry, brave, considerate, optimistic
Symbols: rain---sadness, desperation, depression. It is raining outside almost every time something bad occurs. mud---nature's hostility to man.
3. Write a short essay about the novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Author: Mark Twain—the first truly American writer, a local colorist; he used short, concrete and colloquial language; his sentences are simple, and even ungrammatical; good at writing children’s adventures; masterpieces including: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
About the novel: The first famous novel about growing up and show ing the contradictions between adults’ world and teenagers’ world, a story of his seeking for freedom, fame, fortune, love, manhood; reveals the American values such as hero complex and American dream; records the rising Age of American Bourgeois system; bears
the irony and satire toward the religion and rigid, didactic children education, which curbed the imagination of children and their innate nature for freedom and adventures and molded them into a stereotype of lifeless man.
4. Comment briefly on Theodore Dreiser’s theme and writing style?
Theme: Dreiser’s works are mainly concerned with the tragic nature of the human condition by depicting the coarse, vulgar, cruel, and terrible aspects of life like sex and crime.
Style: In terms of style, Dreiser has sometimes been censured for his clumsy syntax, deficient characterization, and inept and dull prose. Yet his accumulated detail, carefully selected and faithfully recorded, is a technique of power. Like the other naturalists, he refused to judge—to consider people as good or evil. He clothes his concepts symbolically in the details of reality. It is his journalistic method that has made him one of America’s foremost novelists.
美国文学史习题 (1)
I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’) 1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant. 2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____. 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism? 4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.
5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___. 6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___ and Thoreau. 7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? 8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.
美国文学史期末参考复习资料
仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832
美国文学试题库
美国文学试题库 注：试题库内容仅作为学习参考使用，并不代表考试内容。任何一道题均可能变化为其它形式的试题。 1. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more_____________. A. rational B. humorous C. optimistic D. pessimistic 2.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American___________ . A. local colorism B. vernacularism C. modernism D. naturalism 3. ____________were idealists, believing the church should be restored to complete “purity” and dreaming that they would build the new land to an Eden on earth. A. Calvinists B. Puritans C. Romanticists D. Transcendentalists 4. All of the following are the features of Puritans EXCEPT _____. A. wanting to make pure their religious beliefs and practices
《美国文学》期末考试试卷(A卷)答案
湖州师范学院外国语学院2008— 2009学年第二学期 《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A卷）答案暨评分标准 I. Write the names of the authors. (10%) ①Walt Whitman ②Edgar Allen Poe ③Wallace Stevens ④Franklin Norris ⑤Stephen Crane ⑥William Faulkner ⑦Sinclair Lewis ⑧John Steinbeck ⑨Langston Hughes ⑩Tennessee Williams II. Fill in the following blanks with appropriate information.（10%） ①New England ②Regionalism or Local color writing ③semi-autobiographical ④anti-realism ⑤Imagist ⑥Santiago ⑦multiple narrations or points of view ⑧1930 ⑨Harlem Renaissance ⑩Eugene O’Neill III. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. （20%） 1－5. A D C B B 6－10. D B E B A IV. Identify the author and the title of the work from which each of the following excerpts is taken. And then answer the question after each excerpt. (20%) Passage 1 the author: Walt Whitman (1%) the title of the work : Songs of Myself (1%) Question: What is the poet celebrating? (2%) The poet is celebrating individualism and nationalism, singing of all those people who form the American nationality.
美国文学期末复习题
美国文学期末复习题 2013-2014-1 美国文学史及选读期末复习材料 I Multiple choices 1. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine? A. Common Sense B. The American Crisis C. The Rights of Man D. The Autobiography 2. “These are the times that try men's souls”, these words were once read to Washington's troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence. Who is the author of these words? A.Benjamin Franklin B.
Thomas Paine C. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington 3. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement Modernist Movement D. 4. In American literature, the Enlighteners were favorable to . A. the colonial order B. religious obscurantism C. the Puritan tradition D. the secular literature 5. The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted _____________ in 177 6. A. Declaration of Independence B. the Sugar Act C. the Stamp Act D. the Mayflower Compact 6. ____ usually was regarded as the first American
陶洁版美国文学选读_第三版_课后习题答案解析
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题
大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题： 1.选择/对错60分（40道选择，20个对错） 2.名词解释10分（5个） 3.选段配对10分（5个） 4.问答20分（10/2） 1．历史：Father / poetess… 2. 名作家：Hemingway, Faulkner, Poe, Hawthorne, Emerson 3．作品：The W asteland/Moby Dick/Scarlet Letter 1.a)选择题（40个，40分） 1. At the age of reason and revolution, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 2. Which is NOT connected to Benjamin Franklin? ________ A. He was born in a poor family. B. He was a pious puritan. C. He was phrased as “Jack of all trades”. D. He was a master of diplomacy. 3. Ernest Hemingway is noted for the following EXCEPT ________. A. Lost Generation B. Iceberg theory C. American Dream D. Code Heroes 4. Which character is NOT from The Scarlet Letter? ________ A. Hester Prynne B. Roger Chillingworth C. Captain Ahab D. Pearl 5. Jack London’s semi-biographical novel ________well presents the disillusionment of American Dream. A. The American Tragedy B. The Call of the Wild C. Martin Eden D. The Grapes of Wrath b)判断对错题（20个，20分） 1. Poe’s masterpiece “To Helen” is written to memorize his deceased wife. (F) 2. The tone of “Annabel Lee” is optimistic and hopeful. (F) 3. Mark Twain's novel Jumping Frog was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize. (F) 4. Sister Carrie ended up in tragedy because she could not control her fate. (F)
美国文学史作品作家汇总 全
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
美国文学期末试卷及答案
《美国文学》期末考试试卷（B卷） 1.Poor Richard’s Almanac ( ) 2.The House of the Seven Gables ( ) 3.“Raven”( ) 4.My Antonia ( ) 5.Babbitt ( ) 6.A Streetcar Named Desire ( ) 7.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets ( ) 8.A Farewell to Arms ( ) 9.The Call of the Wild ( ) 10.Long Day's Journey into Night ( ) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f512788064.html,mon Sense ( ) 12. “Rip Van Winkle”( ) 13. Walden( ) 14. The Song of Hiawatha( ) 15. Uncle Tom’s Cabin( ) 16.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn( ) 17.Sister Carrie( ) 18.The Waste Land( ) 19. A Farewell to Arms( ) 20.The Great Gatsby( ) 1.defined poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty. 2.While working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, Samuel Langhorne Clemens adopted the pseudonym , the way of a boatman taking soundings, and meaning two fathoms. 3.Ezra Pound initiated a campaign for , which emphasized the direct treatment of an object or situation. He also advocated the language of common speech, but always the exact word. 4.Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel _________. 5.is the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters. 6.The first of American literature was not written by an American, but by ___________________, a British captain, who thus became the first American writer. 7._________________ has been considered the “Father of modern American Poetry.\
美国文学期末考试复习必备(精)
美国文学期末考试复习必备（精） 1. What’s Puritanism? A religious and political movement which appeals to the right of the individual to political & religious independence. It includes three parts: a code of values, a point of view & a philosophy of life 2. What are the basic Puritan beliefs? 1). Total Depravity 2). Unconditional Election 3). Limited Atonement 4). Irresistible Grace 5). Perseverance of the "saints" 3. What are American Puritan values? Sobriety thrift, Self-reliance Diligence, Struggle, simple tastes 4. What are the features of American literature in the Colonial Period? A. Humble origins: diaries, journals, histories, letters. Its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period. B. in content: serving either god or colonial expansion or both C. in form: imitating English literary traditions. D. in style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery and simplicity of diction. E. Symbolism formed in this period ------To the pious Puritan, the physical, phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of God. F. Simple, fresh and direct style
美国文学史选读1
History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠ) 美国文学史及选读1 PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学 1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。 2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史 3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,Freunch ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portugueses (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。 4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil. 5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。 6. 船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes,
美国文学期末复习题 -
1._ ___ had been an evident influence on Naturalism. It seemed to stress the animal impulse of man, to suggest that man was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution. A. Unitarianism B. Origins of Species C. Puritanism and Influence D. Capitalist Economy 2.Who is called “the true father of our national literature” by the writer H. L. Mencken? A. Benjamin Franklin B. Mart Twain C. Hemingway D. William Faulkner 3.In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, which was still a big influence upon the writers of this period, there were two thinkers _____ whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period. A. the German Karl Marx and the American Sigmund Freud B. the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund Freud C. the Swiss Car Jung and the American William James D. the Austrian Karl Marx and the German Sigmund Freud 4.The American realists approached the harsh realities and pressures in the post-Civil war society by _____. A. a comprehensive picture of modern life in its various occupations, class stratifications and manners B. a psychological exploration of man’s subconsciousness C. a disillusion of heroism resulting from the dark memories of the Civil War D. both A and B 5.By the turn of the century, with the publication of The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg and The Mysterious Stranger, the change in Mark Twain from ______ to _____ could be felt. A. an optimist...an almost despairing pessimist B. an almost despairing pessimist...an optimist C. a local colorist...a naturalist D. a naturalist...a local colorist 6.The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be Jame’s masterpiece, which ____. A. incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment B. tells a story about a young and innocent American confronting the complexity of the European life C. is about a young American girl who gets “killed” by the winter in Rome D. tells about some Europeans who learn with difficulty to adapt themselves to the American life 7.About Henry James’ literary criticism, which of the following is not right? A. It is both concerned with form and devoted to human values. B. He indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life in every possible form. C. He advocates the freedom of the artist to write about anything that concerns him. D. He believes that the artist can’t feel the life, but he can understand human nature in their own way. 8.The characters presented by the naturalist writers were _____. A. more often than not dominated by their environment and heredity
(完整版)美国文学选择题及答案
美国文学选择题及答案 1. William Faulkner is the author of ______. a. Far From the Madding Crowd b. Sound and Fury c. For Whom the Bell Tolls d. Scarlet Letter 2. Robert Frost is a famous_______. a. novelist b. playwright c. poet d. literary critic 3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ________. a. Jack London b. Charles Dickens c. Samuel Coleridge d. Earnest Hemingway 4. _______refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality. a. Allegory b. Conflict c. Irony d. Flashback 5. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is______. a. Nature b. Walden c. Experience d. Essays 6. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination of _____and serious literature. a. American folk humor b. funny jokes c. English folklore d. American values 7. Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War? a. Fennimore Cooper. b. Nathaniel Hawthorn. c. Walt Whitman. d. Washington Irving. 8. I Have a Dream is addressed by _____. a. Abraham Lincoln b. John F. Kennedy c. Martin Luther King d. Ralph Waldo Emerson 9. Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson? a. This is my letter to the world b. I heard a Fly buzz—when I died c. This is just to say d. Because I could not stop for death 10. Eugene O’Neil is an American ______. a. novelist b. playwright c. poet d. essayist 11. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the _______in the literary history of the United States. a. Age of Realism b. Age of Classicalism c. Age of Romanticism d. Age of Renaissance 12. With “Collected Poems”, ______won the second Pulitzer Prize. a. Ezra Pond b. e. e. cummings c. Robert Frost d. William Cullen Bryant 13. Grass is a poem written by _______.