英语口译讲义 Week 1

实用英汉口译教程

1. Task Description: The tasks of the week include introducing the course content and features, explaining the history, definition, classification, process and criteria of interpretation, and discussing interpreters’ qualification s, code of conducts and interpreting skills and techniques.

2. Definition of Interpreting

1）Zhong, Shukong’s definition: Interpretation means an extempore oral reproduction, in one language, of what is said in another language. It cannot be viewed as a merely linguistic undertaking, but should be regarded as an aspect of a larger domain, namely, that of communication. (Zhong Shukong, 1999:1)

2）Ren Wen’s definition: Interpreting is the oral transposition of an orally delivered message from a source language to a target language. Its aim is to bridge the language and cultural barriers in the intercultural communication.

3. History of Interpreting

1) Interpreting as an occasional activity:

Interpreting has been in existence ever since man began to use the spoken word. It has therefore always played a vital role in the relationships between people of different origins since the beginning of mankind. However, there is a lack of hard evidence pinpointing the time of the creation of interpreting due to the fact that interpreting, unlike written translation, usually leaves behind no written proof. The first written proof of interpreting dates back to 3000 B.C.. Latin, French and English have been used as lingua franca at different stages. Throughout history, the service of interpreters has been used for religious, exploration, economic, trade, political, diplomatic, social and cultural reasons. (Delisle, 1999)

2) Interpreting as a profession:

At the Peace Conference in Paris after World War I the delegates demanded the right to speak languages other than French and engaged the services of consecutive interpreters on a large scale, establishing the political status of interpreting. In the years between the two world wars the emergence of major international bodies like the League of Nations and the International Labour Organisation (ILO) dramatically increased the level of international communications, which in turn necessitated interpreting services for the various languages involved. Initially, interpreting at

international conferences was consecutive. This resulted in interminably long sessions and deprived the proceedings of any measure of spontaneity.

In the light of these drawbacks, various attempts were made to come up with a new form of interpretation that would be less time-consuming and more satisfactory for all concerned. A technique of this kind was developed more or less simultaneously in the United States and in the Soviet Union. It involved linking up the speaker with the interpreter and then the interpreter with the audience by means of an elaborate system of cables, microphones and headphones. In the early stages the interpreters disliked the new method, fearing that it would relegate them to the demeaning job of merely regurgitating the speaker's words because they would not have time to consider their own translation or find an elegant formulation.

Simultaneous interpreting technology became indispensable at the Nuremberg war crimes tribunal, whose proceedings were conducted in English, French, Russian and German. From then on, simultaneous interpretation rapidly gained ground and has now almost entirely supplanted consecutive interpretation, which is used only on special occasions: at banquets, for instance, or when no simultaneous interpretation facilities are available. In 1947 the United Nations passed its Resolution 152 establishing simultaneous interpretation as one of its permanent services. Today the UNO provides simultaneous interpreting in English, French, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and Arabic, while the European Union supplies these services in all eleven languages of its member states (which entails at least 110 possible combinations and makes conference interpretation planning so complicated as to require the assistance of computers).

Basically, the professionalization of interpreting has to go through several stages: I. Market disorder, II, Emergence of training institutions and professional associations (e.g. AIIC) leads to the consolidation of the profession. III, Professional associations formulate ethical standards and IV. Control of admission to the profession (Tseng, Joseph, 2002)

3) Interpreting as a branch of translation studies:

The objectives of Interpreting studies include the investigation into the concepts, evolution, approach, paradigms, models, process, product, practice, and pedagogy of interpreting, dissemination of research results, promotion of scientific training pedagogy and the issues related to the profession. The studies of interpreting researchers such as Gile, Kurz, Lederer, Moser-Mercer, Sawyer, Pochhacker, Seleskovitch, Shlesinger and so on have made tremendous contribution to the advancement of interpreting studies.

4. Types of Interpreting

There are different ways of classifying interpreting. According to the working modes of interpreting, there are consecutive interpreting, simultaneous interpreting and whispered interpreting. Based on the specific settings of interpreting, we have court interpreting, remote interpreting, diplomatic interpreting, etc. According to the subject areas of interpreting, interpreting may include legal interpreting, business interpreting, tour guide interpreting, etc. We prefer to adopt Daniel Gile’s broad classification to interpreting, namely, consecutive, simultaneous, and whispered interpreting (Daniel Gile, in Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, ed. Mona Baker, 2001:41).

In consecutive interpreting, the interpreter listens to a speech segment for a few minutes or so, takes notes, and then delivers the whole segment in the target language; then the speaker resumes for a few minutes, the interpreter delivers the next segment, and the process continues until the end of the speech. The ‘sentence-by-sentence’ interpreting often found in liaison and community interpreting is not regarded by conference interpreters as ‘true consecutive’.

In simultaneous interpreting, the interpreter sits in an interpreting booth, listens to the speaker through a headset and interprets into a microphone while listening. Delegates in the conference room listen to the target-language version through a headset.

Simultaneous interpreting is also done by signed languages interpreters (or interpreters for the deaf) from a spoken into a signed language and vice versa. Signed language interpreters do not sit in the booth; they stand in the conference room where they can see the speaker and be seen by the other participants.

Whispered interpreting (or chuchotage) is a form of simultaneous interpreting in which the interpreter does not sit in a booth but in the conference room, next to the delegate who needs the interpreting, and whispers the target-language version of the speech in the delegate’s ears.

None of these modes of interpreting is restricted to the conference setting. Simultaneous interpreting, for instance, has been used in large multilingual trials, and whispered interpreting may be used in a business meeting.

5. Process of Interpreting: It mainly includes 1)Receiving the message in the source language, 2) Message restoration 3) Reproducing the message in the target language.

A more complicated model is Daniel Gile’s Effort Model. It consists of two stages. Stage1 includes the listening and analyzing the incoming message, store the message in the short-term memory until it is noted down. (Or I= L+ M+ N, I=interpreting, L= listening and analyzing, M= working memory and N= note-taking) Phase 2 refers to the remembering of the message with the aid of notes and reproduce it in the target language. (Or I= Rem+ NR+P, Rem= remembering, NR=note reading, and P= production of speech in the target language) (Gile, D, 1995)

4. Criteria of Interpreting:

To judge whether an interpreting job is done well we usually follow some criteria. The most important part of an interpreter’s job is to interpret the intended message faithfully without addition, subtraction or distortion. Then she must also be an eloquent and fluent speaker so as to arouse confidence from the audience and the speaker. Last ly she needs to have very quick response because she doesn’t have the luxury of time for deliberation as translators do. Therefore, reasonable criteria for quality interpreting should be:

1) Faithfulness

2) Expressiveness and fluency

3) Quick response

5. Interpreters’ Qualifications

1) Language competence

2) Extensive knowledge

3) Sound psychological traits and quick response

4) Professional ethics and codes of conduct

6. Basic Skills for Interpreters

1) Memory

2) Note-taking

3) Public speaking

4) Figure switching

5) Coping tactics

6) Paraphrasing

7) Summary

8) Logical coherence

9) Cross-cultural awareness

7. Q & A

Reference

Baker, Mona. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. New York: Routledge, 2001.

Delisle, Jean. (1995). Translators Through History. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Gile, D. (1995 )- Basic concepts and models for translator and interpreter training. Amsterdam/Philadelphia. John Benjamins Publishing Company

Tseng, Joseph. (1992). Interpreting as an Emerging Profession in Taiwan -- A Sociological Model. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan

钟述孔《实用口译手册》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1999。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fc13435622.html,/ViewPage.cfm/page1546.htm

汉译英口译文字材料

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口译材料unit

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陪同口译资料(迎来送往_宾馆入住)

迎来送往、宾馆入住 1. 行李Baggage/Luggage 2、托运的行李Checked baggage 3. 行李领取处Baggage claim area 4. 随身行李Carry-on baggage 5. 行李牌Baggage Tag 6. 行李推车Luggage Cart 7. 请问，您是…吗？ Excuse me, are you Mr. / Miss/ Mrs. …? 您一定是…吧? You must be … 8. 一路辛苦了。Did you have a good(pleasant) flight? Is your journey enjoyable? 9. 长途跋涉，加上时差，您一定累了。 After a long flight, you must be jetlagged. 10. 让我帮您拿行李吧。/让我来推行李车吧/。 Let me help you with your lugguage/bags. Let me push the luggage cart for you. 11. Our car is just expecting us outside there. Shall we go and talk on the way to the hotel? 我们的车就在外面，咱们边走边谈好吗？ 12. 我们到了。Here we are. 13. 您先请。After you, please. 14. 日程安排schedule 15. 预订reserve 16. 根据……的要求up on……request 17. 专程造访come all the way 18. 精心安排a thoughtful arrangement 19. 排忧解难help out 20. How happy we are to meet friends from afar. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎 21. This is the first time we have met这是我们第一次见面 22. We made each other’s acquaint ance long ago through correspondence 我们早在信中相识了 23. We have been expecting your arrival 我一直盼望着您来 24. I have heard your name before by reputation./ I have heard a lot about you.久闻大名/久仰久仰 25. Our manager sends his greetings to you 我们的经理先生向您问候 26. He regrets that he is not able to come to meet you personally. 他因不能前来迎接你而感到抱歉 27. I’d like to extend to you a warm welcome on behalf of my manager and colleagues. 我代表经理及同事们衷心欢迎您 28. I’m very touched that you have come all the way to meet me in person. 您亲自来接我，我深为感动 29. You must be our long-expected guest,… 您一定是我们久盼的客人 30. Excuse me, I haven't had the honor of knowing you. 不好意思，我还没能有幸认识你。 31. I'm glad to have the honor of introducing… 我很荣幸的介绍…

商务英语口译期末复习资料(参考译文)

P23页 1.我在上午说过，今天我们各国面临一个机会，可以分别和共同作出具体承诺和采取明确措施，确保核材料的安全，防止核材料落入那些无疑会利用它们的恐怖主义分子手中。 2.今晚，我可以这么说，我们成功地把握了这一机遇，作为具体的国家和国际社会，我们已经采取了措施，美国人民将因此更安全，世界将更稳定。 3.我谨在此感谢出席这一具有历史意义的峰会的全体代表，来自世界各地区的49位领导人。今天之所以能取得进展，是因为这些领导人不仅与会发言，而且采取行动；不是含糊地承诺在未来采取行动，而是承诺他们准备立即实施的有意义的步骤。 4.我还要感谢各位同仁在讨论中所表现的坦率与合作精神。今天并无冗长的讲话，亦无要求别国如何是从的训诫。我们互相倾听、互相尊重。我们认识到，虽然不同国家面临不同的挑战，但我们有着共同的利益，即确保这些危险核材料的安全。 P52页 1.在二十一世纪，你们必须承担不分国界的国际金融系统的重任。当香港和雅加达的股票市场下跌时，其影响再也不是局部性，而是全球性的。因此，贵国充满生机的经济成长同整个亚太地区恢复稳定和经济发展紧密相连。 2.在最近一次的金融危机中，中国坚定不移地承担了对本地区和全世界的责任，帮助避免了又一个危险的货币贬值周期。我们必须继续携手合作，对付全球金融系统面临的威胁以及对整个亚太地区本应有的发展和繁荣的威胁。 3.在我以上列举的每一个关键领域，显然，只要我们相互合作而不是互不往来，我们就能取得更大的成就。因此，我们应该努力，确保双方之间目前的建设性关系在下个世纪结出圆满的协作果实。 4.要做到这一点，我们就必须更好地相互了解，了解各自的共同利益、共有的期望和真诚的分歧。我相信这种公开直接的交流有助于澄清和缩小我们的分歧。更为重要的是，允许人们理解、辩论和探讨这些问题，能使他们对我们建设美好的未来更加充满信心。 P69页 1. Presenting gifts is one of the important contents of modern business activities, in order to establish friendly relations, progress friendship, and also can be applied to advertising and promoting. It’s important to select a gift, because it transmits the information of culture, economy, status, knowledge and other aspects. It’s probably both may improve the image of the company and may damage it. 2. Presenting gifts in business activities can generally divide into several conditions as following: (1) Presenting gifts for employees and rewarding their hard work. (2) Presenting gifts for enhancing the business connection with customers. (3) Presenting gifts for each other to build relationships with business counterparts. 3. Therefore, more and more companies realize that presenting gifts in business activities is not only advertising, but also a important tool

新全口译资料整理

Unit 1 1.Working together, our people have done well. Our economy is breaking records, with more than 22 million new jobs, and the lowest unemployment in 30years齐心协力，我国人民取得了巨大成就，我国经济正在创新的记录，新增工作岗位2200万个，并且创下了30年来最低的失业率 2.Thanks to the continuing boom in technology shares on the stock market, this year the richest have added to 5 billion more to their wealth.由于在证券市场上技术股的不断上升，本年度富人的财产增值了50亿。 3.As for this type of camera, there may be cheaper ones on the market, But when you look at the quality and the design, You’ll agree our price is the most favorable. 就这类照相机(而言)，市场上可能会有比它更便宜的，但如果你注意以下质量和设计，你会认可我们的价格是最优惠的。 4.In 1995,the market share of our product was quite small, only 5%, In 1999, it has increased to 20%, By the year 2005 we expect the figure to go over 50%.在1995年，我们的产品市场占有份额很小，只有5%，在1999年，增加到20%，到2005年，我们期望会超过50% 5.In the United States, most enterprises are multiproduct firms. For example, American automobile manufacturers are also responsible for such diverse products as diesel locomotives, buses, refrigerators, guided missiles, and air conditioners.在美国，大多数企业是多产品的公司，比如，美国的汽车制造商同时也负责各种其他人员柴油烟机，公共汽车，冰箱，制导导弹和空调机 6.Inflation can have a number of causes. It can be caused by rises in prices of raw materials: Factories have to pay more for their law material, and as a result they have to put up the prices of their products. 通货膨胀可以是由于几方面的原因引起的，可以是由于原材料价格的上升，工厂不得不为原材料支付更多的钱，结果他们不得不提高产品的价格。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fc13435622.html,rge wages rises can lead to inflation, too: If workers are paid more, prices go up and the cost of living rises. Changes in the value of currency are another cause of inflation. If the pound goes down in value. Then it costs more to import goods from other countries. 大幅度工资增长也会导致通货膨胀：如果工人的报酬增加，物价就会上涨，生活费用也会上升。货币价值的变化是通货膨胀的另一个原因：假如英镑贬值，那么从其他国家进口货物时就要多花钱了。 1.将近三倍的油价暴涨导致了两位数的通货膨胀以及全球经济的衰退The near-tripling of oil price resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. 2.中美联系现在十分广泛，涉及到我们人民生活的各个方面，包括商业，文化，教育以及我们的国家安 全政策。Sino-American ties have become very extensive, affecting all aspects of our people’s lives: commerce, culture, education and our national security policies. 3.人们往往希望雇主支付他们高于市场的工资，他们渴望灵活的工作日程，他们要求公司股票股买全， 还有学习的机会。People always want employers to pay them above the market rates, they seek flexible work schedules, they want stock options and a chance to learn. 4.对我来说，创业最大的障碍是搞清楚它是否切实可行，要做到这一点真的很难，因为我以前从未涉及 过这个行业。For me, the biggest hurdle to get the business running was working out whether it would be feasible at all. That’s really hard to do as I haven’t been involved in the industry before. 5.创业或难或易，但是守业绝对不是件容易的是。目前的统计数字表明，有三分之二的新企业在创办后 的头五年里倒闭。Starting a business may or may not be easy, but keeping it running is

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各位大家好 我就是jacky，那个帖子《我如何用一年考上欧盟口译司》一文的作者。 我一直都想把这种系统的方法能够通过一个很好的方式传递给其他人，让更多的人找到梦想，发现真谛。 所以，我和朋友们一起集中智慧，起草了下面的这个操作的原则和程序，算作是一次大型的免费口译培训，希望你能够看懂，如果有什么问 题，可以回帖，如果没有，就可以直接开始了，一共六个月的进程，如果你能严格执行下来，考上二级口译应该没问题 1 分为6个不同的阶段，也就是6个月，到什么阶段，达到什么程度 2 在论坛上法帖，监督自己学习，也接受别人的监督， 3 完成了一个阶段，给负责人发邮件，才可以收到下一阶段的学习指示，所以大家必须要学习后在论坛上发帖，证明你每天都在学习，我们的 方法，只能提供给真正热爱的朋友。 4 办一个经验口译员解答专栏。稍候我们会开通这个服务 7 有关学习的具体进程： 第一个月: 模仿新闻1h + 新闻精听2h 基本上听新闻同类话题可以大致理解 第二个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力一次准确理解大约50-60%，语言能力得到增长，语音有所转变 第三个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力一次准确理解大约70-80%，基本上达到语言的运用有了一定积 累，新闻听力一次准确理解大约80-90%，语言运用比较正规，能够用新闻和标准的语言来表述一些复杂论点，开始笔记练习 第五个月: （该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力进入快速阶段，越来越好。语言能力继续提升，笔记基本上能够纪录短时间的文章 第六个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力达到接

商务英语口译期末复习资料(原文)

P23页 1. I said this morning that today would be an opportunity for our nations, both individually and collectively, to make concrete commitments and take tangible steps to secure nuclear materials so they never fall into the hands of terrorists who would surely use them. 2. This evening, I can report that we have seized this opportunity, and because of the steps we’ve taken--as individual nations and as an international community--the American people will be safer and the world will be more secure. 3. I want to thank all who participated in this historic summit -- 49 leaders from every region of the world. Today’s progress was possible because these leaders came not simply to talk, but to take action; not simply to make vague pledges of future action, but to commit to meaningful steps that they are prepared to implement right now. 4. I also want to thank my colleagues for the candor and cooperative spirit that they brought to the discussions. This was not a day of long speeches or lectures on what other nations must do. We listened to each other, with mutual respect. We recognized that while different countries face different challenges, we have a mutual interest in securing these dangerous materials. P52页 1. In the 21st century your generation must also lead the challenge of an international financial system that has no respect for national borders. When stock markets fall in Hong Kong or Jakarta, the effects are no longer local; they are global. The vibrant growth of your own economy is tied closely, therefore, to the restoration of stability and growth in the Asia Pacific region. 2. China has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region and the world in this latest financial crisis -- helping to prevent another cycle of dangerous devaluations. We must continue to work together to counter this threat to the global financial system and to the growth and prosperity which should be embracing all of this region. 3. In each of these vital areas that I have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart. That is why we should work to see that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century. 4. If that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences. I believe the kind of open, direct exchange can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future. P69页 1.赠送礼物是现代商务活动的重要内容之一，是为了建立友好关系、增进友谊，也能用于广告和促销。礼品的选择是非常重要，因为它传递着文化、经济、

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女士们、先生们、朋友们！ 人类只有一个地球，各国共处一个世界。共同发展是持续发展的重要基础，符合各国人民长远利益和根本利益。我们生活在同一个地球村，应该牢固树立命运共同体意识，顺应时代潮流，把握正确方向，坚持同舟共济，推动亚洲和世界发展不断迈上新台阶。 第一，勇于变革创新，为促进共同发展提供不竭动力。长期以来，各国各地区在保持稳定、促进发展方面形成了很多好经验好做法。对这些好经验好做法，要继续发扬光大。同时，世间万物，变动不居。“明者因时而变，知者随事而制。”要摒弃不合时宜的旧观念，冲破制约发展的旧框框，让各种发展活力充分迸发出来。要加大转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构力度，更加注重发展质量，更加注重改善民生。要稳步推进国际经济金融体系改革，完善全球治理机制，为世界经济健康稳定增长提供保障。亚洲历来具有自我变革活力，要勇做时代的弄潮儿，使亚洲变革和世界发展相互促进、相得益彰。 第二，同心维护和平，为促进共同发展提供安全保障。和平是人民的永恒期望。和平犹如空气和阳光，受益而不觉，失之则难存。没有和平，发展就无从谈起。国家无论大小、强弱、贫富，都应该做和平的维护者和促进者，不能这边搭台、那边拆台，而应该相互补台、好戏连台。国际社会应该倡导综合安全、共同安全、合作安全的理念，使我们的地球村成为共谋发展的大舞台，而不是相互角力的竞技场，更不能为一己之私把一个地区乃至世界搞乱。各国交往频繁，磕磕碰碰在所难免，关键是要坚持通过对话协商与和平谈判，妥善解决矛盾分歧，维护相互关系发展大局。 第三，着力推进合作，为促进共同发展提供有效途径。“一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。”世界各国联系紧密、利益交融，要互通有无、优势互补，在追求本国利益时兼顾他国合理关切，在谋求自身发展中促进各国共同发展，不断扩大共同利益汇合点。要加强南南合作和南北对话，推动发展中国家和发达国家平衡发展，夯实世界经济长期稳定发展基础。要积极创造更多合作机遇，提高合作水平，让发展成果更好惠及各国人民，为促进世界经济增长多作贡献。 第四，坚持开放包容，为促进共同发展提供广阔空间。“海纳百川，有容乃大。”我们应该尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，消除疑虑和隔阂，把世界多样性和各国差异性转化为发展活力和动力。我们要秉持开放精神，积极借鉴其他地区发展经验，共享发展资源，推进区域合作。进入新世纪10多年来，亚洲地区内贸易额从8000亿美元增长到3万亿美元，亚洲同世界其他地区贸易额从1.5万亿美元增长到4.8万亿美元，这表明亚洲合作是开放的，区域内合作和同其他地区合作并行不悖，大家都从合作中得到了好处。亚洲应该欢迎域外国家为本地区稳定和发展发挥建设性作用，同时，域外国家也应该尊重亚洲的多样性特点和已经形成的合作传统，形成亚洲发展同其他地区发展良性互动、齐头并进的良好态势。 女士们、先生们、朋友们！ 中国是亚洲和世界大家庭的重要成员。中国发展离不开亚洲和世界，亚洲和世界繁荣稳定也需要中国。 去年11月，中国共产党召开了第十八次全国代表大会，明确了中国今后一个时期的发展蓝图。我们的奋斗目标是，到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入在2010年的基础上翻一番，全面建成小康社会；到本世纪中叶建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。展望未来，我们充满信心。 我们也认识到，中国依然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国发展仍面临着不少困难和挑战，要使全体中国人民都过上美好生活，还需要付出长期不懈的努力。我们将坚持改革开放不动摇，牢牢把握转变经济发展方式这条主线，集中精力把自己的事情办好，不断推进社会主义现代化建设。