高中英语必修三---课文详解Book-3---unit-4

必修三U n i t4A s t r o n o m y:t h e S c i e n c e O f T h e S t a r s天文学：恒星的科学I．Vocabulary

astronomy n.天文学astronomer n.天文学家solar system 太阳系religion n.宗教；宗教信仰theory n.学说；理论

Big Bang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸

atom n.原子

globe n.球体；地球仪；地球violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的carbon n.碳

nitrogen n.氮

vapour n.蒸汽；水蒸气atmosphere n.大气层；气氛fundamental adj.基本的；基础的

dissolve vt. & vi.溶解；解散harmful adj.有害的

get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解

break out突发；爆发acid n.酸

reaction n.反应；回应

multiply vi. & vt.乘；增加

oxygen n.氧

shellfish n.水生有壳动物

amphibian n.两栖动物

reptile n.爬行动物；爬虫

lay eggs 下蛋

dinosaur n.恐龙

exist vi.存在；生存

mammal n.哺乳动物

give birth to产生；分娩

in one’s turn轮到某人；接着

carbon dioxide二氧化碳

prevent…from…阻止；制止

puzzle n.迷；难题vt. & vi.

exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力竭

cabin n.小屋；船舱

biologist n.生物学家

biology n.生物学

gravity n.万有引力；重力

satellite n.卫星；人造卫星

gentle adj.温和的；文雅的

geologist n.地质学家

physicists n.物理学家

block out 挡住（光线）

extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的

climate n.气候

comet n.彗星

crash vi. & vt.碰撞；坠落

lessen vi. & vt.减少；减轻

cheer up 感到高兴；感到兴奋

weightlessly adv.失重地

mass n.质量；团；块；大量

now that 既然

watch out密切注意；当心；提防

II．Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH 地球上的生命是怎样开始的

No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 由于地球的产生是那么的久远，所以没有人确切知道地球是怎样产生的。【注释：as it happened 碰巧eg. They were all out, as it happened.真巧, 他们全出去了。】However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions.然而，根据一个广泛接受的理论，宇宙开始于一次“创世大爆炸”，该爆炸将物质抛向各个方向。【注释：in all directions四面八方；各个方向eg. The birds flew away in all directions when he fired a salute with a“bang”.当他“砰”的一声鸣礼炮时，鸟飞向各个方向。】After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.之后，原子开始形成，并结合形成恒星和其他物体。

For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.就在“宇宙大爆炸”之后的几十亿年间，地球依然是一团尘埃。What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.这一团尘埃会变成什么还不能确定，直到45亿至38亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固定的球体。【注释：settle into有头绪, 上正轨eg. Things soon settled into shape.事情很快

有了头绪。】The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球

变得如此剧烈，以致于它能否持续下来还不清楚。【注释：①so… that…如此…以致于…：eg. The words tumbled out so fast that I could barely hear them.话说得那么快，我几乎都听不清。②it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.句

中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether the shape would last or not.】It exploded loudly with fire and rock. “大爆炸”发生时伴有(艳丽的)火焰和岩石。【注释：explode vt. & vi.使爆炸；爆发explode with anger勃然大怒；explode with laughter哄然大笑；explode into laughte r突然大笑起来；explode into pieces炸得粉碎。如：Many people were injured

when the boiler exploded.锅炉爆炸时，许多人受了伤。】They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.他们最终形成了碳、氮、水蒸气和其它

气体，而这些就构成了地球的大气。【注释：in time (1)迟早, 最后eg. In time you'll forget him.你迟早会忘了他的。(2)及时, 不迟eg. He is believed to arrive in time.相信他会及时到达。against time争分夺秒地，尽快地eg. he was working against time.他正争分夺秒地工作。ahead of time提前，提早eg. We completed the work five days ahead of time.我们提前五天完成工作。all the time一直，始终eg. I have been busy all the time.我一直很忙。at no time绝不，在任何情况下都不eg. At no time will we give up.我们绝不屈服。in no time立刻，马上eg. I'll be back in no time.我马上就回来。at one time曾经；at a time一次；at the same time同时，然而，可是；from time to time有时，偶尔

考题：1. ______，I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on studying hard, and you’ll succeed _______.”

A．At a time；in time B．At a time；on time C．At one time；in time D．At one time；on time

2. —Does he often ask you for help? —Oh，no，only________.

A．all the time B．at one time C．at a time D．at times

3．—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday. —________.

A．Don’t be afraid B．Be careful C．Not at all D．Take your time】

What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

更为重要的是：当地球冷却下来后，水开始在地球表面出现了。【注释：①what is even more important是由what引导的名词从句作主语；that…on its surface是由that引导的名词从句作表语，系表语从句，在这个表语从句中又含有由as引导的时间状语从句。②what is more而且, 此外; 更有甚者eg. They are going to get married, and what's more they are setting up in business together.他们就要结婚了, 而且还要一起做生意呢。】

Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.水在其它行星上如火星也出现过，不过，不像地球上，它消失了。It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.（但），这并没有立刻就表明：水是生命发展的必要部分。【注释：①fundamental adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的eg. Fresh air is fundamental to good health.新鲜空气对健康是不可缺少的。

②It was not immediately obvious that…句中的“it”是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句。】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.许多科学家认为水的持续存在让地球将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋中去。【注释：①What many

scientists believe是由what引导的主语从句，作整个句子的主语。②dissolve vt. & vi.(使)溶解eg. The sun dissolves

snow.太阳使雪融化。③harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的be harmful to…对…有害处eg. Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟有害健康。do sb. harm/ do harm to sb.对某人有害；do more harm than good弊大于利；There is no harm in (sb’s) doing sth.(= It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.)做某事无害处；come to harm身体上、精神上或道义上受到损害；do sb. good/ do good to sb.对某人有好处。如：1) The court case will do serious harm to my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。2) My brother's ship was caught in a storm but he came to no harm.我兄弟的船遇上了暴风雨, 但他没出事。3) You should do good to others.你应该对人行善。4) If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.

如果我们干预的话, 可能弊多利少。】This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一系列的反应，这种反应使得生命的产生成为可能。【注释：made it possible for life to develop中的“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语为for life to develop.】

Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.数百万年之后，在水的表面上开始出现最初的极其微小的植物。【注释：extremely adv.极端;极其;非常eg. 1) That is extremely interesting.那极为有趣。2) Outwardly she looked confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.表面上她显得很自信,其实她非常紧张。】They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.他们开始繁殖，并使得海洋充满了氧气，

而这又激励了早期的贝壳类动物和所有鱼类的发展。【注释：①multiply(1)乘, (使)相乘eg. 1) His son is learning to multiply and divide.他儿子正在学习乘法和除法。2) One can make 18 by multiplying 3 and 6 (together).以3和6相乘可得18。(2) (使)增加eg. 1) Spending on military equipment has multiplied in the last five years.过去的五年中军事装备的开支大大增加。2) His experience was multiplied as the years passed.随着岁月的流逝, 他的经验丰富了。(3) (使)繁殖eg. 1) When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster.动物在有较多的食物时, 一般繁殖得较快。2) Hot weather multiplied the bacteria in milk rapidly.炎热的天气使牛奶中的细菌迅速繁殖。②fill … with sth.用…装满eg. I filled up

the bottle with water.我把瓶子装满了水。】Next, green plants began to grow on land.随后，绿色植物开始在陆地上出现。They were followed in time by land animals.最后，陆地动物跟着出现。Some were insects.有些是昆

虫。Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.其它的，被称为两栖类的，既能够生活中水中，也能生活在陆地。【注释：as well as conj.还，而且eg. she is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才的音乐家. 】Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.后来，当植物长成森林后，爬行类动物开始第一次出现。【注释：for the first time第一次，在句子作状语；the first time常用于引导(状语)从句：(1) It’s the first time sb. have done sth. (2) Sb. was doing sth. the first time I came here.】They produced young generally by laying eggs.一般情况下，他们通过下蛋产幼仔。After that , some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.而后，一些大型动物——恐龙，产生了。They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.恐龙也下蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。

However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.可是，在6千5百万年前，恐龙世纪结束。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.恐龙为什么突然消失依然还是个迷。【注释：sth. remain to be done某事有待于解决】This disappearance made it possible the rise of mammals on the earth.恐龙的消失使得哺乳动物在地球上的兴起成为可能。These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.这种动物不同于过去所有的生命形式，

因为他们生产幼子，并且产奶来喂养幼子。【注释：give birth to…生; 引起, 产生eg. 1) She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.她生了一个健康可爱的婴儿。2）The scientist's experiments gave birth to a new drug.那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。】

Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.最后，大约在2百6十万年前，一些小的聪明的动物，现在有手有脚，出现，遍及到各个角

落。【注释：spread all over遍及；spread sth. (out) on/ over sth.在…上展开/摊开；spread oneself（=stretch oneself）舒展四肢；spread out散开；伸展；spread to传到；波及，蔓延到；word spread消息传开。辨析：extend, spread, stretch, expand(1) extend:伸出；延伸指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也指时间的延长。如：1) The headmaster extended(= prolong) our holiday by four days. 2) France has greatly extended its influence in world affairs.在世界事务中, 法国的影响已大大地扩大了。(2) spread指向四面八方扩大宣传的范围，如传播疾病，散布信息的(3) stretch伸展；拉长（=extend）一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展。如：stretch/ extend the radio antenna.将天线拉长。(4) expand扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。如：expand his store扩大店面。Air expands when heated.空气受热膨胀。试题：Papermaking began in China and from here it ____ to North Africa and Europe. A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed 】

Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.这样，轮到他们，成为这个

星体上最重要的动物。【注释：in one’s turn轮到某人；it’s your turn。该你了！in turn 依次，轮流；反之，反过来；by turns 轮流；交替地；take turns to do sth.轮流做某事；It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。考题：People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _____ creates further problems. A．in short B．in case C．in doubt D．in turn 】

But they are not looking after the earth very well.但，他们却不能很好地呵护好地球。They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这就阻碍了热从地球散发到太空。【注释：prevent/stop …(from)…阻止, 防止

eg. 1) My only idea was to prevent the woman from speaking.我唯一的想法就是不让那女人讲话。2) Cotton mittens will prevent the baby from scratching his own face.棉的连指手套使婴儿不会抓伤自己的脸。3) His prompt action prevented the fire from spreading.他的果断行动制止了火势的蔓延。考题：All possible means ________.However，nothing can________him dying of lung cancer.

A．has tried；stop B．have tried；keep C．has been tried；prevent D．have been tried; stop 】

As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.由于这样，许多科学家

认为地球将会变得炎热难住。【注释：live on(1)住在…上eg. I have always wanted to live on an island in the middle of a lake.我总是想在一座湖心小岛上生活。(2) 继续活着; 继续存在eg. 1) He's ninety, but still he lives on.他90岁了, 还健在。

2) These traditions will live on for centuries.这些传统将世代相传。】So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，生命能否在地球上继续存在数百万年将取决于这个问题能否得以解决。

试题：

1. She started as an office junior, and ____ became the director of the whole company.

A. in surprise

B. in return

C. in turn

D. in time

2. He is always ready to help others and many people ____ a live Lei Feng.

A. to think of him as

B. think of him as

C. think him like

D. look him as

3. _____ you are familiar with the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.

A. Now that

B. Ever since

C. So that

D. As long as

4. It is not expected ____ he said caused so much discussion at the meeting.

A. that

B. what that

C. what

D. that what

5.* Animals suffered at the hands of man ____ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.

A. in which

B. for which

C. so that

D. in that

6. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.

A. many of

B. masses of

C. the number of

D. a large amount of

重点句型：

1．What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.【精提取】What it was to become是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作become的宾语。【巧应用】使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。

________ ________ ________ ________ ________he didn’t come to the meeting.

答案：What surprised everybody is that

2．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

【精提取】whether...(or not)引导的从句还可充当宾语、表语、同位语等。

【巧应用】他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。

It is uncertain_______ ______ ________ ________passing the driving test ____ ________.

答案：whether he'll succeed in; or not

3．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

【精提取】which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个概念，也可代指单个先行词。

【巧应用】杰克开车太快，这是危险的。

Jack drove too fast，________ ________ ________. 答案：which was dangerous

4．We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.【精提取】amazed是形容词化的过去分词，在此处作状语用。

【巧应用】他躺在床上，醒着。

He ________ ________ ________ ________，________. 答案：lay on the bed，awake

高中英语必修1 课文翻译(人教新课标)

第一单元友谊 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… ……令人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前，但观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。

Using Language Reading, listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐： 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好，我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意相互帮助。我们成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同学却开始在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑： 我是苏州高中的一名学生。我有一个难题，我不太善于同人们交际。虽然我的确试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时候我感到十分孤独。我确实想改变这种现状，但是我却不知道该怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非常感激的。 第二单元世界上的英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16世纪末期大约有5百万到7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子： 英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓（flat）里来看看，好吗？” 美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到你的公寓（apartment）去。” 那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展，有所变化。首先，在公元450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语

人教版高中英语必修四课文翻译

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2019人教版高中英语必修3电子课本 word版

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(完整版)高中英语必修三教材分析_英语_教材分析_人教版

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人教版新课标高中英语必修1课文翻译

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必修1 第一单元 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。 Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so she had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hidden away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ―I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.‖ Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：―我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。‖现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.

人教版高中英语必修4课文原文Unit1--5

必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages

人教版2020版高中英语必修3课文逐句翻译

1.必修三Unit1 Festivals and celebrations节日和庆典 Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。Sometimes celebrate would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们会挨饿。Today’s festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。 Festivals of the Dead亡灵节 Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。For the Japanese festival. Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. 他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上到邻居家要糖吃。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 Festivals to Honour People纪念名人的节日 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people . 也有纪念名人的节日。The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. 中国的端午节（龙舟节），是纪念著名古代诗人屈原的。In the USA Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in New World. 美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。 Harvest Festivals庆丰收的节日 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 收获与感恩节是非常喜庆的节日。People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. 在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. 有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy