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版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife夯基提能作业新人教版选修60628167

版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife夯基提能作业新人教版选修60628167
版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife夯基提能作业新人教版选修60628167

Unit 3 A healthy life

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2018山东寿光现代中学高三开学考试,D)

Drive through any suburb in the U.S. today, and it's hard to miss the bins that have become companions to America's trash cans. Recycling has become commonplace, as people recognize the need to care for the environment. But most people's recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans. People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e-waste.

E-waste rapidly increases as the electronics frequently upgrade, and the majority of the old devices end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地).Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, VCRs, computers, cellphones, and other electronics every year. Unless we can find a safe replacement, the e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous chemicals, such as lead, mercury and arsenic. Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.

However, e-waste often contains reusable silver, gold and other electrical materials. Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such materials, which can destroy ecosystems.

A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping e-waste. Still, less than a quarter of the refuse will reach lawful recycling programs. Some companies advertising safe disposal(处置)in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills. These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out-of-sight-out-of-mind location.

However, a small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e-waste responsibly represents progress towards making the world a cleaner and better place.

1.What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A.Most Americans have realized the dangers of e-waste.

B.E-waste cannot be put into trash cans in the U.S.

C.Many Americans now have access to recycling bins.

D.Most of America's trash cans are made of recycled materials.

2.What can bes t replace the underlined word “contaminates”in Paragraph 2?

A.Pollutes.

B.Heats.

C.Absorbs.

D.Reduces.

3.How does the author feel about burying e-waste in landfills?

A.It's important.

B.It's unsafe.

C.It's acceptable.

D.It's uncommon.

4.What's the author's purpose of writing this text?

A.To tell us how to recycle e-waste.

B.To talk about the future of e-waste.

C.To discuss if it's necessary to recycle e-waste.

D.To encourage us to deal with e-waste properly.

Ⅱ.七选五

(2017河南鹤壁高级中学9月周练)

Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross,gained worldwide honor for her dedication to easing human suffering and earned the nickname “Angel of the Battlefield”.

Barton was born into a liberal (开明的) free-thinking family in 1821.Her elder brothers and sisters happily tutored her in math and reading, so when she entered school at three years old, she could read and spell three-syllable words. 1

Concerned about Barton's difficulty in making friends, her parents sent her to a boarding school, hoping it would make her more comfortable with her peers. 2 Barton lost her appetite and cried constantly. After only one term, she had to be brought home. Then, Barton stayed out

of school to nurse her older brother through a serious injury and also volunteered to care for poor families during a smallpox (天花)outbreak.

In 1861,the Civil War broke out. The sight of wounded soldiers touched Barton deeply. She began to collect and distribute food, bandages, medicines, and other supplies for the Union army.

3 There, with little concern for her own safety, she cooked meals, assisted surgeons,

and comforted wounded soldiers.

Eventually,because of working too hard,Barton collapsed,ill with typhoid fever (伤寒). 4

It was there that she learned of an organization based in Switzerland—called the International Red Cross, whose work mirrored her own.

Shortly after Barton arrived back home in 1873,her sister died. 5 When recuperating (休养)at a health facility in New York,she began planning for the establishment of an American wing of the International Red Cross. Although at first the government resisted,her efforts finally

paid off. The American Red Cross was officially organized on May 21, 1881.Her influence lives on today in the work of the organization she founded.

A.Barton fell into a deep depression.

B.Unfortunately, it had the opposite effect.

C.Many people felt sorry for the loss of her sister and her own health.

D.Barton risked her life to transport wagonloads(货车装载量)of supplies to the front lines.

E.When she recovered, her doctors prescribed (指示) a long, restful trip to Europe.

F.Barton spent the following several months learning basics about Swiss Cross.

G.She easily kept up with the older children academically but did not fit in socially.

Ⅲ.完形填空

(2017江西调研考试)

Almost everything was fantastic in the nature camp except for a girl, Elizabeth. When I saw her sitting alone in the hot sun at lunchtime, I asked her to eat with us under a 1 tree. However, Elizabeth refused my kind 2 . When we invited her to play volleyball with us, Elizabeth 3 our invitation, too. After a few more 4 refusals like that, I decided to stay away from Elizabeth.

It 5 that we were going on a nature 6 and that our instructor paired everyone up with a partner. Guess who my partner turned out to be!It was Elizabeth!

“What do you like to do7 ?” I asked, trying to make small 8 as we started out. “I like to 9 in peace,” Elizabeth 10 . So we had the quietest and most peaceful hike in the world 11 we saw a bird. “I think his wing is hurt. Poor little bird,” Elizabeth said 12 . “He might be taking a rest over there,” I said. Elizabeth nodded. Then she whispered, “But what if he's in 13 , like my granddad?” “Your granddad?” I asked. “He14 and broke his leg the day the activity started. He's 15 in hospital and is in so much pain,” Elizabeth explained. I noticed she was 16 . “I'm sorry for what I have done. For some reason, whenever I get really sad, I act 17 and want to be alone,” she added.

“I get it,” I said. “I don't alw ays know how to 18 it when I'm feeling down, either.” “Thanks,” she said, wiping off her tears.

After that, Elizabeth seemed to get along well with us, and I thought she actually 19 the last few days of the hike.

Next time, if someone is unfriendly, give him a second 20 . Maybe he's going through a tough time.

1.A.tall B.shady C.warm D.pretty

2.A.proposal B.help C.symbol D.order

3.A.turned over B.turned in C.turned out D.turned down

4.A.unfair B.unfit C.unfriendly D.uncertain

5.A.seemed B.appeared C.looked D.happened

6.A.talk B.discussion C.voyage D.hike

7.A.for free B.for ever C.for fun D.for certain

8.A.mistake B.talk C.change D.promise

9.A.jog B.work C.live D.walk

10.A.replied B.insisted https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f115789240.html,plained D.shouted

11.A.unless B.though C.until D.since

12.A.happily B.coldly C.sadly D.luckily

13.A.silence B.pain C.peace D.trouble

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f115789240.html,y B.sat C.ate D.fell

15.A.still B.yet C.already D.ever

16.A.smiling B.crying C.drawing D.coughing

17.A.nicely B.properly C.rudely D.naturally

18.A.ruin B.recognize C.repair D.handle

19.A.enjoyed B.planned C.hated D.avoided

20.A.life B.bird C.chance D.try

答案精解精析

Ⅰ.阅读理解

[语篇解读] 本文介绍了电子垃圾会对环境造成危害,呼吁人们妥善处理电子垃圾。

1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“it's hard to miss the bins that have become companions to America's trash cans”及“Recycling has become commonplace”可推知美国现在广泛使用回收箱。故选C。

2.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“the e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous chemicals, such as lead, mer cury and arsenic”可推知,如果燃烧这些东西会对空气造成污染。故选A。

3.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Unless we can find a safe replacement, the e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous chemicals”可知,作者认为电子垃圾填埋后,会对土地和水造成危害。故选B。

4.D 推理判断题。文章介绍了电子垃圾会对环境造成危害,并提到越来越多的城市和公司在妥善处理电子垃圾,向着创造一个更清洁、更美好的世界前进。由此可推知作者写这篇短文的目的是呼吁人们妥善处理电子垃圾。故选D。

Ⅱ.七选五

[语篇解读] 文章讲述了美国红十字会创始人Clara Barton的人生经历及其创建红十字会的经过。

1.G 本段讲述了Barton在哥哥姐姐的引导下智力开发很早,3岁上学并且能读会写,与G项内容呼应。

2.B 上句讲到父母为了让她多和同龄人接触把她送去寄宿学校;下句讲她失去了食欲,不停地哭喊。B项起到

了承上启下的作用。故选B。

3.D 下句讲Barton在战争中不顾个人安危积极做饭、帮助医生和照顾伤员。这与D项是并列关系,都是她的具体表现。故选D。

4.E 上句讲Barton由于劳累病倒得了伤寒,下句讲在那里她接触了国际红十字会。E项起到了承上启下的作用。故选E。

5.A 上句讲到1873年她回家后不久姐姐去世了。A项内容承接上文。故选A。

Ⅲ.完形填空

[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。伊丽莎白独来独往,显得不太合群。作者后来了解到,伊丽莎白的爷爷摔伤住院了,这使得她很伤心以至于不愿意和其他人来往。当作者得知实情后对伊丽莎白表示理解,在作者的关心下,伊丽莎白重新融入了集体生活。

1.B 根据前文中的the hot sun可推知作者邀请伊丽莎白到一棵背阴的(shady)树下吃饭。

2.A 伊丽莎白拒绝了作者善意的提议(proposal)。

3.D 根据本句中的“too”,再结合上句中的refused可推知本空答案为D项。turn down拒绝。

4.C 根据最后一段中的“if someone is unfriendly”,再结合主句内容可知答案为C项(不友好的)。

5.D It happened that...意为“碰巧……”。

6.D 根据下段中的“So we had the quietest and most peaceful hike in the world”可知答案为D项(远足)。

7.C 句意:你喜欢做什么来取乐?for fun为了好玩;for free免费地;for ever永远;for certain肯定,无疑。

8.B make small talk为固定短语,意为“闲聊”。本句表示作者为了打破僵局,力图和伊丽莎白找话说。

9.D 根据下句中“So we had the quietest and most peaceful hike in the world.”可知答案为D项。

10.A 前面是问句,本句是伊丽莎白的回答,故答案为A项(回答)。

11.C 他们进行了世界上最平静的远足,直到(until)他们看见一只鸟儿。

12.C 从伊丽莎白所说的话可知,她对这只鸟的遭遇感到悲伤,故答案为C项(悲伤地)。

13.B 根据设空处后的“like my granddad”及下文中的“in so much pain”可知答案为B项。

14.D 根据下文中的broke his leg可推知伊丽莎白的爷爷摔倒了(fell)。

15.A 根据上下文可推知“他仍然(still)在住院”。故选A项。

16.B 根据下文中“wiping off her tears”可知作者注意到伊丽莎白在哭(crying),故答案为B项。

17.C 根据第一段伊丽莎白的表现可知:每当伊丽莎白难过时,她的行为总是很粗鲁,并愿意独处。

18.D 当作者情绪低落时,也并不总是知道如何应对(handle)。

19.A 根据本句中的“get along well with us”可知,在最后几天,伊丽莎白玩得很开心。

20.C 下次,如果有人不友好,再给他一次机会(chance)。

2019届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习17阅读理解七选五一

阅读理解:七选五 A Have you wanted to try an ebook? Has the cost of ebooks stopped you? Well, there are ebooks that you can download.__1__ Others share information about where to find free or discounted ebooks. There are several reasons some ebooks are free.In some cases, the book's copyright (版权) has come to an end.In other cases, writers offer books for free to grow a readership.__2__ The writer hopes you will like the first book enough to buy those that follow.Similarly, Amazon is filled with free ebooks, with a list of the top 100 free ebooks.This list changes constantly, based on how well the books are “selling” and whether they become or remain free. When you find a free ebook you want to read, get it right away.__3__ If you wait too long, you may discover the book now has a price attached. __4__ They offer free ebook files to download directly from the sites.These files could have bad software designed to infect your computer.It is best not to download ebooks, or any file, from an unknown site. Some free ebook sites offer referral (推荐) links to other websites. __5__ These referral sites help you find free ebooks of interest to you.They also let you know when an ebook is free or goes on sale. A.Be careful of some websites. B.So visit Amazon's list quickly. C.Several websites offer free ebooks. D.Referral links provide lists of best sellers. E.Often the offer is open only for a short time. F.Often a free ebook will be the first in a series. G.Therefore, you can download free ebooks there. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了获取免费电子图书的一些注意事项。 1.选C根据上句的“you can download”和下文的“Others share information ...”可知,此处是指一些网站提供免费电子图书,而另外一些网站则提供关于免费或者打折电子图书的信息。 2.选 F 第二段主要介绍了提供免费电子图书的一些原因。根据下句的“buy those that follow”可知,有些作者为了吸引读者,系列丛书的第一本往往是免费的,一旦你喜欢上了,你就会花钱购买系列中的其他图书。 3.选E 根据上句的“get it right away”和下句的“If you wait too long, you may

第一章 第三节 简单的逻辑联结词、全称量词与存在量词(优秀经典课时作业练习及答案详解)

[课时作业·巩固练习]实战演练夯基提能 [A组基础保分练] 1.下列命题中的假命题是() A.?x∈R,log2x=0B.?x∈R,x2>0 C.?x∈R,cos x=1 D.?x∈R,2x>0 解析:对于A,令x=1,成立;对于B,x=0时,不成立;对于C,令x=0,成立;对于D,根据指数函数的性质,成立.故选B. 答案:B 2.下列命题中假命题的个数为() ①?x∈R,x2+1≥1; ②?x∈R,2x+1=3; ③?x∈Z,x能被2和3整除; ④?x∈R,x2+2x+3=0. A.0 B.1 C.2 D.4 解析:①?x∈R,x2≥0,∴x2+1≥1,正确;②x=1时,2x+1=3,正确;③x=6时,x能被2和3整除,正确;④∵Δ=4-12=-8<0,∴x2+2x+3=0无实数根,不正确.综上可知,只有④是假命题.故选B. 答案:B 3.(2020·武汉市部分高中联考)命题“?x∈[1,2],x2-3x+2≤0”的否定为() A.?x∈[1,2],x2-3x+2>0 B.?x?[1,2],x2-3x+2>0 C.?x0∈[1,2],x20-3x0+2>0 D.?x0?[1,2],x20-3x0+2>0 解析:由全称命题的否定为特称命题,知该命题的否定为“?x0∈[1,2],x20-3x0+2>0”,故选C. 答案:C 4.已知命题p,q,则“綈p为假命题”是“p∧q是真命题”的() A.充分而不必要条件 B.必要而不充分条件

C .充分必要条件 D .既不充分也不必要条件 解析:充分性:若綈p 为假命题,则p 为真命题,由于不知道q 的真假性,所以推不出p ∧q 是真命题.必要性:p ∧q 是真命题,则p ,q 均为真命题,则綈p 为假命题.所以“綈p 为假命题”是“p ∧q 是真命题”的必要而不充分条件,故选B. 答案:B 5.已知下列两个命题p 1:存在正数a ,使函数y =2x +a ·2- x 在R 上为偶函数;p 2:函数y =sin x +cos x +2无零点.则在命题q 1:p 1∨p 2,q 2:p 1∧p 2,q 3:(綈p 1)∨p 2,q 4:p 1∧(綈p 2)中,真命题是( ) A .q 1,q 4 B .q 2,q 3 C .q 1,q 3 D .q 2,q 4 解析:当a =1时,y =2x +2-x 在R 上是偶函数,所以命题p 1为真命题.当x =5π4 时,函数y =sin x +cos x +2=0,所以命题p 2是假命题.所以p 1∨p 2,p 1∧(綈p 2)是真命题,故选A. 答案:A 6.已知命题p :?x 0∈R ,使sin x 0= 52;命题q :?x ∈R ,都有x 2+x +1>0,给出下列结论: ①命题p ∧q 是真命题; ②命题p ∧(綈q )是假命题; ③命题(綈p )∨q 是真命题; ④命题(綈p )∨(綈q )是假命题. 其中正确的结论是( ) A .②③ B .②④ C .③④ D .①②③ 解析:∵52 >1,∴命题p 是假命题.∵x 2+x +1=????x +122+34≥34>0,∴命题q 是真命题.由真值表可以判断p ∧q 为假,p ∧(綈q )为假,(綈p )∨q 为真,(綈p )∨(綈q )为真,所以只有②③正确,故选A. 答案:A

【高考一轮】2018课标版文科数学一轮复习 3.1变化率与导数、导数的计算 夯基提能作业本(含答案)

第一节变化率与导数、导数的计算 A组基础题组 1.已知函数f(x)=cos x,则f(π)+f '=( ) A.- B.- C.- D.- 2.(2017黑龙江、吉林八校联考)函数f(x)=x+sin x的图象在x=处的切线与两坐标轴围成的三角形的面 积为( ) A. B. C. D.+1 3.已知f(x)=x(2 014+ln x),若f '(x0)=2 015,则x0=( ) A.e2 B.1 C.ln 2 D.e 4.(2016安徽安庆二模)给出定义:设f '(x)是函数y=f(x)的导函数, f ″(x)是函数f '(x)的导函数,若方程f ″(x)=0有实数解x0,则称点(x0, f(x0))为函数y=f(x)的“拐点”.已知函数f(x)=3x+4sin x-cos x的拐点是M(x0, f(x0)),则点M( ) A.在直线y=-3x上 B.在直线y=3x上 C.在直线y=-4x上 D.在直线y=4x上 5.(2015河南郑州质检二)已知y=f(x)是可导函数,如图,直线y=kx+2是曲线y=f(x)在x=3处的切线,令g(x)=xf(x),g'(x)是g(x)的导函数,则g'(3)=( ) A.-1 B.0 C.2 D.4 6.若曲线y=xln x上点P处的切线平行于直线2x-y+1=0,则点P的坐标是. 7.(2016课标全国Ⅲ,16,5分)已知f(x)为偶函数,当x≤0时, f(x)=e-x-1-x,则曲线y=f(x)在点(1,2)处的切线方程是. 8.已知函数f(x)=e x-mx+1的图象为曲线C,若曲线C存在与直线y=ex垂直的切线,则实数m的取值范围为. 9.已知函数f(x)=x3-2x2+3x(x∈R)的图象为曲线C. (1)求过曲线C上任意一点切线斜率的取值范围; (2)若在曲线C上存在两条相互垂直的切线,求其中一条切线与曲线C的切点的横坐标的取值范围.

夯基提能作业 (4)

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