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大学体验英语2 课文&课文翻译

U1

PassageA

Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 1100's. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London.
牛津大学是英国最古老的大学,也是世界最著名的高等学府。牛津大学始建于12世纪。它位于英格兰的牛津,在伦敦西北约80公里处。

The university has over 16,300 students (1999-2000), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various religious groups. Three of the five private halls are for men only. Of the colleges, St. Hilda's and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women.
牛津大学有16,300多名学生(1999-2000),其中留学生占将近四分之一。他们来自130多个国家。牛津大学有35个学院,还有5个由不同宗教团体建立的私人学院。5个私人学院中,有3个只招男生。学院中,圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生,其他均为男女兼收。

At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their students. 
牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体,由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。部分管委会成员都称为导师的学院教师,其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产,遴选自己的管委会,选择和招收自己的本科生。大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他设施,但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。

Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student's program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They may also attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors.
牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师,他主要通过辅导课监督学生的学习。导师每周和1到2名学生见面一次,学生如需专业指导,还可以去约见其他的导师,也可选听大学老师讲授的课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。

The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences i

s the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects.
学位由大学授予,而不是各个学院。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予最高的学位,颁发文凭和证书。

The Rhodes scholarship program enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. The British government grants Marshall scholarships to citizens of the United States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain.
罗兹德奖学金面向美国、加拿大和很多其他国家的学生,为他们提供至少两年的牛津学习费用。英国政府为在牛津和其他英国境内的大学里求学的美国公民提供"马歇尔奖学金"。

The competition for scholarships and grants is, however, extremely strong and there are usually strict requirements. Students should check carefully that they are eligible to apply for a particular scholarship before making an application as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs.
然而,奖学金和助学金的竞争极其激烈,而且通常要求很严。学生们在申请某一项奖学金之前应仔细核查是否有资格,因为多数奖学金对学生国籍和(或)课程都有限制。

The students and staff at Oxford are actively involved in over 55 initiatives (2001), including visits to more than 3,700 schools and colleges, to encourage the brightest and best students to apply to Oxford, whatever their background.
牛津师生员工积极参与主动招生的活动,2001年这种活动有55项以上,包括走访3,700所中学,以鼓励优秀学生报考牛津大学,而不管其背景如何。

The university has been named the UK's most innovative university in the Launchit 2001 competition, which aimed to discover which British university has demonstrated the greatest achievements in innovation and enterprise across the broadest range of activity. In the national Teaching Quality Assessment exercises for 2000, Oxford was awarded top marks in six out of ten subjects assessed.
在2001年度的"创新"竞赛中,牛津大学被授予英国最具创新精神的大学称号。该竞赛旨在发现哪一所英国大学在最广的领域内取得了创新和进取的最大成就。在2000年全英教学质量评估中,牛津在所评估的10个科目中有6科得分高居榜首。

Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities have recently become partners in a joint 'distance learning' venture, the Alliance for Lifelong Learning, which will provide online courses in the arts and sciences.
牛津、斯坦福和耶鲁三所大学最近合作开发了 "远程学习"项目"终生学习联盟",该项目将提供文科和理科的在线课程。

The mission of Oxford is to aim at achieving and maintaining excellence in every area of its

teaching and research, maintaining and developing its historical position as a world-class university, and enriching the international, national, and regional communities through the fruits of its research and the skills of its graduates.
牛津的使命是在教学和研究的各个领域达到并保持领先地位,保持和加强其世界名校的历史地位,通过其研究成果和毕业生的技能促进地区、全国和全球的发展。

 In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments in the intellectual environment and society at large; and promote challenging and rigorous teaching which benefits from a fruitful interaction with the research environment, facilitating the exchange of ideas through tutorials and small-group learning and exploiting the University's resources in its libraries, museums, and scientific collections, to equip its graduates to play their part at a national and international level.
为了实现这个目标,学校将针对知识环境和整个社会发展的需要,为员工提供进行创新研究所需的设施和支持;提倡既富革新精神又严格认真的教学,使教学与研究环境卓有成效地互动从而推动教学;通过导师指导和小组学习加速思想的交流,通过开发学校图书馆、博物馆以及科学收藏方面的资源,使毕业生能在国内和国际上一展身手打下基础。


PassageB

The following remarks were delivered by the President of Stanford University at the Opening Convocation on September 21, 2001.
以下是斯坦福大学校长在2001年9月21日开学典礼上的致辞。

Parents and students of the Class of 2005: Good afternoon and welcome to Stanford University. Today, we celebrate the arrival of 1,717 new freshmen and transfer students.
各位家长,2005届的同学们:

下午好!欢迎各位来到斯坦福大学。今天,我们在此欢迎1717名新生和转学生的到来。


I have struggled with the format of this Convocation and the content of this speech for the past 10 days. Since the morning of Sept. 11, the campus has been uncommonly quiet. Except for two memorial services, all major events were cancelled. As we considered how to start a new academic year, we decided that a Convocation was, in fact, the most fitting way to resume our normal activities. 
过去的10天,我一直颇费心思,不知这个开学典礼该用什么形式,我的发言要讲什么内容。 9月11日上午以来,校园里异乎寻常的安静。除了两个纪念性的活动以外,所有的大型活动都取消了。我们在考虑怎样开始新学年,后来发现开学典礼实际上是恢复正常秩序的最佳方式。


Students, you represent our best hope for the future and for peace in our world. Americans and good-hearted people of all ages throughout the world will mourn this tra

gedy and carry the memory of that terrible day in their hearts. But it is your generation —— more so than mine or your parents' —— that will face the challenge of building a world in which such inhuman acts can never again occur.
同学们,你们代表了我们世界的未来与和平的最美的希望。美国人民和全世界所有善良的人们,不论长幼,都会为这场悲剧哀悼,会将这可怕的一天永远留存在记忆中,但面临挑战的更是你们这一代,而不是我们或是你们父母这一代,你们要建设一个世界,决不容许类似惨无人道的事件再次发生。

In your time here, you will get to know people whose background, culture or beliefs are different from yours. You may find that your values —— and your prejudices —— are challenged. I hope that you will discover a new understanding and appreciation for the pluralistic society in which we live and find constructive ways to contribute to the world.
你们在这里求学的时光里,将会认识很多人,他们的背景、文化或者信仰可能与你们迥然不同,你们会发现自己的价值观以及偏见将会受到挑战。我们生活在一个多元的社会中,我希望你们能够从新的角度来理解和欣赏它,为世界做出建设性的贡献。

For each of you, this moment is the beginning of a new chapter in your life. Let it also be a moment you remember as the initiation of your journey into the larger world, a time when you consider your role as a citizen and what your future contribution might be.
对你们每个人而言,这一时刻意味着人生翻开了新的篇章。从这一刻开始,你们将踏上一个更广阔世界的旅程,这一刻你们也将开始考虑作为一个公民你们未来应作的贡献。

You will not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.
当然,在这样的智慧之旅上,你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工,他们致力于求知与理解,将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。

I hope you are proud of the accomplishments that have brought you to this important transition inyour lives. I know that all of you have worked hard to get here, but let me also acknowledge the contributions of your parents, family members, teachers, mentors and friends who have supported you on your road to Stanford. Without them, the journey here would have been more difficult and less rewarding. In recognition of the tremendous support and encouragement you have received from these important people in your lives, let me invite our new students to show their appreciation with a round of applause.
你们能取得成就,达到人生中这个重要的转折点,我希望你们能引以为豪。我知道,你们中的每个人都曾经奋发努力

才能来到这里,但我也感谢父母、家人、师长和朋友的贡献,他们曾为你踏上斯坦福之路给予支持。如果没有他们,这条路将会更加艰辛,也不会如此卓有成效。这些人在你们的生活中举足轻重,为你们提供了巨大的支持和鼓励,我谨邀请我们的新生以热烈的掌声对他们表示感谢。

Students, I urge you to pursue your journey at Stanford with vigor. I hope that this beautiful campus will provide an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid you in that journey. And I hope that you will find an intellectual pursuit that excites you and engages you so much that it will keep you up at night and get you out of bed early, even on the weekend! I hope that you find a passion that matches your own talents, so that you may discover, as I did, something that you can pursue for the rest of your life with enthusiasm and joy.
同学们,我强烈希望你们能以无比的热情投入到斯坦福的旅程中来。我希望,这个美丽的校园会为你们提供一个理想空间,让你们沉思,找到灵感,以助你们更好的旅行。我也希望,你们能够找到一种智慧的追求,能够激励你们,让你们沉醉其中,能在深夜苦读,能够黎明即起,甚至连周末都不例外!我希望你们能找到一种激情,无愧于自己的天分,如此你们就能像我一样,找到足以令你穷尽一生追求的目标,而且充满热情,乐此不疲。

Students, while I cannot make any predictions about what paths each of you will take in your journey at Stanford, I urge you to begin this process of intellectual discovery, just as Sen. Leland Stanford urged at the opening day ceremonies for the first freshman class in 1891:
同学们,你们在斯坦福的旅程中将踏上什么样的道路,我无从预言,但我强烈希望你们能够遵循李兰德·斯坦福参议员在1891年的开学典礼上对第一届新生提出的要求来开始你们探索智慧的旅程:

A university may be founded for you; in it, you may study for many years with all the advantages of learning. All that we can do for you is to place the opportunities within your reach; it rests with you to grasp and improve them.
大学可以为你们而建立;在此,你们可以利用各种优越的学习条件进行多年的学习。我们所能做的,只是把机会放在你们伸手可及的范围内;抓住机会,利用机会,得靠你们自己。

I welcome all our new students and their parents, not just to the campus but to the Stanford family. Students, I hope your time here transforms your lives, just as it has transformed the lives of so many alumni. And, finally, I hope your time here will help to provide a foundation on which you will make your contributions to humanity and to a better future for yourselves and the generations that will follow.
我欢迎所有的新生和家长来到我们的校园,并

融入斯坦福家族。同学们,我希望你们在此渡过的时光能改变你们的生活,正如它改变了很多以前的校友的生活那样。最后,我希望你们在此度过的时光能够有助于你们打下良好的基础,以便你们能为人类做出贡献,为自己和后代创造更美好的未来。

B-1. Why did the president consider the Convocation as the resumption of their normal activities?
A) The new term began with the arrival of 1,717 new students.
B) All major events in the university were called off after Sept. 11.
C) The freshmen would face the challenge of building a new world.
D) The entire faculty and staff would start their intellectual journey.

D-2. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A) College students tend to have prejudices against other people.
B) The students are trying to find a constructive way to contribute to the world.
C) The students will live in a pluralistic society after they entered-college.
D) The students should learn to understand and appreciate people from other cultures.

A-3. According to the president, the faculty and the staff play an important role in ________.
A) encouraging the students to pursue knowledge
B) supporting the students on their road to Stanford
C) helping the students find a passion for study
D) bringing the students to a transition in their lives

A-4. From the passage, we learn that the president of Stanford greatly appreciates ______.
A) those who have helped the students to enter the university
B) people with different backgrounds and beliefs
C) the students who pursue their journey at Stanford
D) those who contributed to the building of the world

B-5. What can be inferred from the passage?
A) The parents have made contributions to the university.
B) Stanford University is named after Sen. Leland Stanford.
C) Only the students at Stanford represent the hope of the future.
D) The students don't know what paths they will take in their journey.



U2

PassageA

Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about education. They want to know what to study, or whether it's okay to drop out of college since that's what I did.
每年都有数以百计的学生给我发电子邮件,要我就接受教育给他们提建议。他们想知道该学些什么,或者可不可以从大学辍学,因为我就没有读完大学。

A smaller number of parents send messages, seeking guidance for their son or daughter. "How can we steer our child toward success?" they ask.
也有不少家长给我写信,为子女寻求指导。他们问:“我们怎样才能把孩子引向成功之路?”

My basic advice is simple and heartfelt: Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.
我的基本忠告很简单,而且是发自内心的:全力获得最佳教育,充分利用高中和大学,学会如何学习。

It's tr

ue that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out——and I'd love to have the time to go back. As I've said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.
不错,为创建微软,我未完成大学学业,不过辍学之前我已经在哈佛呆了三年,而且我真心希望有一天能重返校园。以前我也说过,谁也不应该辍学,除非他坚信自己正面临着一个一生仅有一次的机会,但就算在那个时候也还是应该深思熟虑。

Kathy Cridland, a sixth-grade teacher in Ohio, wrote to say, "Several of my students claim that you never finished high school. Since you are a success, my students perceive that as a reason not to care much about getting a good education."
在俄亥俄州教六年级的老师凯西·克里德兰写道,“我的好几个学生声称你根本没有读完高中。因为你成功了,我的学生就觉得他们也可以不必要接受良好的教育。”

I finished high school!
我高中毕业了的!

The computer industry has lots of people who didn't finish college, but I'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don't know any high school dropouts, let alone any successful ones.
计算机行业中确实有很多人没有读完大学,但是我从来没有见过有谁高中没读完就成功创业的。确切地说,我认识的人当中根本没有高中辍学的,更没有高中辍学后事业成功的。

In my company's early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threatened to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.
我的公司创立早期,有一个相当出色的兼职程序员,声称要从高中辍学来做全职。我们叫他不要这么做。

Quite a few of our people didn't finish college, but we discourage dropping out. Having a diploma certainly helps somebody who is looking to us for a job.
我们公司里确实有好些人没有读完大学,但我们不希望人们辍学。谁要想在我们公司谋职,有毕业证书肯定会优先考虑。

College isn't the only place where information exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody handing you a book doesn't automatically foster learning. You want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way to test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.
不一定只有在大学才能获取信息,在图书馆也可以学习。但人家递给你一本书并不能自动地让你学到东西。你需要向别人学习,提问题,将设想付诸实施,设法验证自己的能力。这一切,往往不是读一两本书就可以做得到的。

Education should be broad, although it's fine to have deep interests, too.
接受的教育应该是广泛的,虽然对某些领域情有独钟也不失为

一件好事。

In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing software, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests. My parents encouraged this, and I'm grateful that they did.
读高中时,我有一段时间醉心于软件编写,但大部分时间里,我的学习兴趣相当广泛。我父母鼓励我这么做,对此我感激不尽。

Although I attended a lot of different kinds of classes in college, I signed up for only one computer class the whole time. I read about all kinds of things.
大学期间,我修了很多不同的课程,但我从头至尾只选修了一门计算机课。我读书涉猎很广。

One parent wrote me that her 15-year-old son "lost himself in the hole of the computer." He got an A in website design, but other grades were sinking, she said.
有位家长写信说,她15岁的儿子“钻进计算机无底洞里了”。他的网站设计课得了“A”,但别的科目分数都在下降,她写道。

This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn broadly — math, history, various sciences — and to do projects with other kids that teach you first-hand about group dynamics. It's fine to take a deep interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes breadth.
这个孩子犯了一个错误。高中和大学给你提供了最佳机会,你可以广泛学习——数学,历史,各种学科——有机会跟着别的孩子一起做项目,亲身感受到群体的动力。你对计算机、舞蹈、语言或其他任何的科目有深入的兴趣也无可厚非,但太偏执而舍弃学习广度就不是一件好事了。

If you fall into an obsessive pattern in high school, you've got two problems. One is that you're unlikely to change when you go to college. The other is that if you don't get reasonably good grades, it's hard to go to a college that has the highly motivated, capable students who can really help you learn about the world.
 如果高中阶段兴趣过于集中,你会面临两个问题。第一个就是进了大学以后你很可能没法改变。另一个问题就是如果分数不够高,你就很难考入大学,而无法向那些积极性很高,很有才能的学生一起学习,他们可以真正帮助你了解这个世界。

In college it's appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real expertise in an area of interest can lead to success——unless the specialty ends up being a dead end or you're not good at. Graduate school is one way to get specialized knowledge, although extended college education isn't always a good investment from a purely economic standpoint.
大学期间可以适当考虑专业的问题。深入掌握自己感兴趣的领域的专业知识,能够引导你走向成功,除非这个专业没有发展前途,或者你并不很擅长这个方面。读研究生是获取专业

知识的一个途径,虽然从纯经济角度来看,大学毕业后再接受教育不一定算是明智的投资。


PassageB


My First Job
我的第一份工作

Two distinguished Americans recalling their first job experience 
两名杰出的美国人回忆他们第一份工作的经历

Louis Caldera: The Parking-Lot Sweeper
路易斯·卡尔德拉:停车场的清洁工


My parents imbued in me the concepts of family, faith and patriotism when I was young. Even though we struggled to make ends meet, they stressed to me and my four brothers and sisters how fortunate we were to live in a great country with limitless opportunities.
我很小的时候,我父母就给我灌输了有关家庭、信念和爱国主义的观念。虽说生计艰难,他们对我和四个兄弟姐妹总是强调,我们很幸运,生活在一个伟大的国家,有无穷无尽的机会。


I got my first real job when I was ten. My dad, Benjamin, injured his back working in a cardboard-box factory and was retrained as a hairstylist. The owner of the shopping center gave Dad a discount on his rent for cleaning the parking lot three nights a week, which meant getting up at 3 A.M. To pick up trash, Dad used a little machine that looked like a lawn mower. Mom and I emptied garbage cans and picked up litter by hand. It took two to three hours to clean the lot. I'd sleep in the car on the way home.
我开始做第一份正式工作时,才十岁。我父亲本杰明在一家纸箱工厂工作时,背部受伤,此后重新接受培训,成了一名理发师。那个购物中心的老板免去了父亲的部分租金,作为交换,父亲要清扫停车场,每星期三个晚上,这就意味着我们得凌晨三点起床。父亲用一台类似割草机的机器来收集垃圾,母亲和我就清空垃圾箱,用手捡垃圾。清扫完停车场要花两三个小时。回家途中,我就在车里睡着了。


I did this for two years, but the lessons I learned have lasted a lifetime. I acquired discipline and a strong work ethic, and learned at an early age the importance of balancing life's competing interests — in my case, school, homework and a job. This really helped during my senior year of high school, when I worked 40 hours a week flipping burgers at a fast-food joint while taking a full load of college-prep courses.
这件事我只做了两年,但从中学到的东西却令我终生受益。我懂得了自我约束,培养了一种强烈的工作责任感,从小就懂得协调生活中相互矛盾的各种兴趣的重要性——对我而言,就是协调好上学、家庭作业和工作的关系。我上高中的最后一年,这个经历对我的帮助真的很大。那时我在一家快餐店做汉堡包,每周工作40小时,同时学习全部大学预科课程。


The hard work paid off. I attended the U.S. Military Academy and went on to receive graduate degrees in law and business from

Harvard. Later, I joined a big Los Angeles law firm and was elected to the California state assembly. In these jobs and in everything else I've done, I have never forgotten those nights in the parking lot. The experience taught me that there is dignity in all work and that if people are working to provide for themselves and their families, that is something we should honor.
天道酬勤。我上了美国军事学院,接着又获得了哈佛的法学和商业两个硕士学位。后来,我加入了芝加哥一家大型律师事务所,并入选加州议会。不论是从事这些工作还是做别的任何事情,我从未忘记在停车场度过的那些夜晚。这种经历让我明白:所有的工作都有尊严,只要人们能自食其力,养家活口,就该受到尊重。



Suze Orman: The Waitress 
苏丝·奥曼:女餐厅服务员


I had my first job at a local diner called the Buttercup Bakery when I was 22. I worked there for seven years and learned so many lessons, especially from a fellow waitress Helen who had incredible self respect and did what she loved — serving people. She made everyone smile and feel good, customers and co-workers alike. 
我第一份工作是在当地一家叫小黄花面包房的餐厅工作,那年我22岁。我在那儿工作了七年,学到了很多东西,从工友海伦身上我学到的东西尤其多,她非常自爱,做着自己热爱的事情——为他人服务。她会让大家都微笑并心情舒畅,顾客和工友人人如此。


Being a waitress changed my life. One of my regular customers was Fred Hasbrook, an electronics salesman. He always ate a ham-and-Monterey-Jack omelet, and when I saw him walking toward the diner, I tried to have it on his table as soon as he sat down.
服务员这个工作改变了我的一生。我认识一个老主顾,电子产品销售员弗莱德·哈斯布鲁克。他总是点一份火腿加干酪煎蛋,我一看见他朝餐厅走来,就尽量在他刚坐下时就把一份煎蛋放在他的桌子上。


Thanks to the newfound confidence I picked up from Helen, I dreamed of having my own restaurant. But when I called my parents to ask for a loan, they said, “We just don't have the money.”
受了海伦的激励,我重新找到了自信,梦想开一家自己的饭店。我打电话问父母借钱,但他们说,“我们没有那么一笔钱。”


The next day, Fred saw me and asked, “What's wrong, sunshine? You're not smiling today.” I shared my dream with him and said, “Fred, I know I can do more if somebody would just have faith in me.”
第二天,弗莱德见到我,问道,“怎么啦,阳光女孩?你今天没有笑啊。”我给他讲了我的梦想,对他说,“弗莱德,我知道我可以做得更多,只要有人相信我。”


He walked over to some of the other diner regulars and the next day handed me checks totaling $50,000 — along with a

note that I have to this day. It reads, “The only collateral on this loan is my trust in your honesty as a person. Good people with a dream should have the opportunity to make that dream come true.”
他朝店里其他的一些常客走去。第二天,他递给我几张支票,总共有50,000美元,还有一张便条。上面写道,“这笔借款的唯一抵押是我相信你为人诚实。有梦想的好人应该有机会把梦想变为现实。” 那便条我一直保留至今


I took the checks to Merrill Lynch — the first time I had ever entered a brokerage house — where the money was invested for me. I continued working at the Buttercup, making plans for the restaurant I would open. My investments soured, though, and I lost the money.
我把支票拿到Merrill Lynch证券公司,这是我平生第一次走进证券公司,让他们替我投资。同时,我继续在小黄花餐厅工作,计划着自己要开的饭店。然而,我的投资泡了汤,血本无归。


I found myself thinking about what it would be like to be a stockbroker. After great deliberation I decided to apply for a job at Merrill Lynch. Even though I had no experience, I was hired and ended up becoming a pretty good broker. Eventually I paid back Fred and my customers the $50,000, plus 14-percent annual interest. Five years later, I was able to open my own firm.
不知怎么的,我开始想象当一个股票经纪人会是什么样子。慎重考虑之后,我决定向Merrill Lynch证券公司求职。虽然我没有任何经验,他们还是雇用了我,我最终成了一名相当不错的经纪人。最后我偿还了弗莱德和其他顾客的那50,000美元,外加14%的年利。五年后我有能力开了一家自己的公司。


I got a thank-you note from Fred, which will be imprinted on my heart forever. He had been sick and wrote that my check had helped cover his mounting medical bills. His letter read, “That loan may have been one of the best investments that I will ever make. Who else could have invested in a counter ‘girl’ with a million-dollar personality and watch that investment mature into a very successful career woman. How few ‘investors’ have that opportunity?”
弗莱德写了封感谢信给我,这封信将永远铭刻在我的心中。他当时病倒了,说我的支票帮他付清了不断增加的医疗费用。他在信中写道,“那笔贷款,也许将是我一生中最好的一次投资。还有谁会投资在一个人格值百万的女店员身上,然后看着那笔投资成长为一位成功的职业女性呢?又有几个投资者有这种机会呢?”

B-1. What can we learn about Louis's family when he was young?
A) They hardly had to struggle for their lives.
B) They could barely make enough money for their needs.
C) They would get a discount on their rent.
D) They were unfortunate although they lived in a great country.

D-2. Louis's father coul

d get a discount on condition that _________.
A) he used a machine to pick up litter
B) he worked in a cardboard-box factory
C) he got up at 3 A.M. every day
D) he cleaned the parking lot three nights a week

D-3. By saying that "there is dignity in all work" the author means that _________.
A) we should honor those who work hard to support their families
B) he will never forget working in the parking lot
C) people should work hard to make a living
D) no matter what job one does, one deserves respect

C-4. What made Suze's customer lend her money according to the passage?
A) Her maturity.
B) Her faithfulness.
C) Her honesty.
D) Her success.

A-5. Which of the following proverbs best describes the story of the waitress?
A) One never loses by doing a good turn.
B) One cannot see the forest for the trees.
C) One may change places but not change the grief.
D) One may see daylight through a little hole.


U3
PA

The Victim
广告的受害者


You could call me a shop-a-holic, as most of my friends do, but I call myself a lover of fashion. Sitting in my room, I look in my closet at all my belongings and wonder what else I want to buy. Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew and Ralph Lauren are just a few of the name-brand items that clutter my room. And I want more. I've never stopped to question whether I'm getting what I'm paying for, though I've always been a "smart" shopper, a sale shopper. But, as I learn more about my future field, marketing, I realize that I am a victim of advertising. All the things I want and buy are influenced by what magazines, television, and other advertisers tell me I need to buy.
你可以说我是购物狂,朋友大都这样说我,不过我自认为是个时尚爱好者。坐在房间里,看着衣橱里所有的东西,我总是在想还有什么要买的。Abercrombie, Guess, J Crew, Ralph Lauren,还有其他名牌产品,充斥着我的房间,但我还想要更多。我从不考虑我买的东西是否物有所值,虽然我买东西一直都很“精明”,买的都是打折的商品。然而,我对将来要从事的营销领域了解越深入,就越明白自己原来是深受广告的左右。我想要的,我所买的,都受到杂志、电视或别的广告商的影响,它们在告诉我该买些什么。


Everyone wears clothes. They can be a statement, a style, or a definition of who you are. They can also be a simple necessity. For me, clothing has meant different things. As a child, I wore what my mother gave me or the hand-me-downs from my sister. I never questioned how I looked, but I liked to dress up.
人人都穿衣服,衣着可以展现个性,显示品味,定义性格,也可以只是为了满足基本的需求。对我而言,衣着在不同时期有不同的意义。小时候,妈妈给什么我就穿什么,要不就穿姐姐的旧衣服。我从不考虑衣着打扮,不过我喜欢穿得漂漂亮亮的。


In m

iddle school, I became more concerned with my appearance, like most girls. But as I progressed to high school, advertising became a big influence. Boys began to notice girls, and all the girls wanted to look good. The clothing in high school became something that defined you; it identified you with a certain group. Wearing Abercrombie jeans meant you were the preppy all-American girl, a Guess shirt meant you were the snobby rich girl, and anything worse or less than that was unacceptable.
初中时,像大多数女生一样,我开始在意自己的打扮。但从高中开始,广告对我产生了很大的影响。男生开始留意女生,每个女生都想打扮得漂漂亮亮。高中时衣着界定你的身份,并将你归入某一群体。穿Abercrombie牌的牛仔裤说明你是典型的美国女生,干净利落;穿Guess的衬衫说明你是富家千金,自命不凡,任何其他差一些的衣服都是不可接受的。


In college, advertising hit me in a different way. College is a place where typically no one knows you at first, so you can be whoever you want to be. There are so many students and such a variety of people that clothing begins to define you less and less and your personality begins to define you more and more. Everyone is growing and changing and beginning to learn who they really are. Yet my friends and I still turn to advertising, now not only to stay in fashion but more so to find our own style. In my quest for identity, the style of clothing I choose reflects me. It shows my personality and shows what type of person I am.
上大学后,广告又用另外的方式影响着我。大学里,最初通常没有人认识你,所以你想怎样穿戴都行。学生很多,而且什么人都有,以穿戴看人的情况越来越少,以个性判断人的情况越来越多。每个人都在成长、改变,开始为真正的自己定位。我和朋友们依然关注广告,不过现在不只是为了紧跟时尚,更多的是想找到自己的风格。在寻找个性的过程中,我所选择的衣服样式反映我,显示我的个性,表明我是哪种类型的人。


Despite my choice to have my clothing reflect and not define me, I remain a victim of advertising. Although I look to ads for the upcoming styles, I am still affected by the underlying images behind them. Advertising reflects society and also adds to societal definitions. Advertisers show us people around us, yet they choose only a certain look. By showing us just these people, they are defining those few as the beautiful people. Advertising feeds off human insecurities and makes us want to be like these beautiful people. Our insecurities with wanting to be popular and wanting to be loved are used against us. Society fosters the fascination that we should not be who we are, and advertisers use this to influence us to believe certain messages. If we do not look like the models, we are not beautiful. If we are not thin and c

urvy we are not attractive. Even if we have great personalities, most people will not like us if we are not physically beautiful.
虽然我决心让衣服反映,而不是代表我本人,但广告还是在左右着我。虽然我看广告的目的是想了解最新潮流,可我还是会受到广告的潜在信息的影响。广告反映社会,也丰富了社会的含义。广告给我们看到的是我们身边的人,但他们只选择特定的类型。通过展现这一类人,广告将这极少数人定义为俊男美女。广告利用人们不甘人后的心理,怂恿我们去学这些俊男美女。我们想受人欢迎、想得到拥戴,这些心理正好被用来对付我们自己。人们向往变成别的模样,社会又推波助澜,广告就利用这些来影响我们去相信某些信息:要是穿戴与模特有差距,就不能算漂亮;要是不苗条,曲线不美,就没有吸引力;要是其貌不扬,就算性格再好,大多数人还是不会喜欢我们。


Advertisers use our weaknesses to tell us what is new, what we should be like, what is cool, and what is hot. Because human nature makes us want to be popular and glamorous, we follow the lead ads give us. Is it the victim's fault for believing, or the fault of society for allowing advertisers to do so? These are the questions I often ask myself as I enter the field of marketing. It is very easy to use human insecurities as a means of targeting consumption, but is it right? How will we ever know unless we step back and stop reading magazines and watching television? Until then, I will remain a victim of advertising. And so will almost everyone else. 
广告利用我们的弱点告诉我们什么最新潮,我们应该是什么样子,什么最酷,什么最热门。我们都想受人欢迎,魅力四射,这是人性使然,所以我们会对广告言听计从。这应该怪人们相信广告吗?还是该怪社会纵容广告误导人?我进入营销业之后,经常考虑的就是这些问题。利用人的不甘人后的心理来促进消费固然是件轻而易举的事,但这样做对吗?要想找出答案,我们就得退一步,不再读杂志,不再看电视。不然的话,我还是摆脱不了广告的左右。别的人也是如此。


PB

The Ad Council at a Glance
广告委员会剪影

You may not immediately know us by name, but you do know us. For 59 years, the Ad Council has created timely and compelling public service messages for our nation. Our slogans and characters are more than memorable — they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action, and save lives. The following results testify to the power of the Ad Council’s messages to make lasting and positive social change:
你可能不太清楚我们的名字,不过你肯定知道我们。59年来,广告委员会为美国创作了大量公益广告,出手及时,引人入胜。我们提出的口号和创作形象不仅令人

难忘,而且能引起广泛关注,激励人们采取行动,挽救了无数的生命。广告委员会的作品所产生的久远影响,以及所引发的积极社会变革,由以下的结果可见一斑:

●Smokey Bear and his famous words of wisdom, “Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires,” are recognized by 95% of adults and 77% of children. Launched in 1944, the Smokey Bear Forest Fire Prevention campaign is one of the longest-running and famous public service advertising campaigns in history.
●95%的成年人和77%的儿童都知道黑熊斯莫奇和它那充满智慧的名言:“只有你才能预防森林火灾”。始于1944年的“黑熊斯莫奇预防森林火灾运动”,持续时间之长,知名度之大,在公益广告运动史上尚属罕见。

●Since the Ad Council began its “Friends Don’t Let Friends Drive Drunk” campaign, 70% of Americans have tried to stop someone from driving drunk. In 1998, America experienced the lowest number of alcohol-related fatalities (15,935) since the U.S. Department of Transportation began maintaining these records. The tagline is the most recognized anti-drinking and driving slogan in America.
●广告委员会发起了“是朋友就不让朋友酒后驾车”的运动后,70%的美国人都劝阻过别人酒后不要驾车。1998年美国与酗酒有关的伤亡人数是15,935,是美国运输部有史以来最低的一年,而这条广告语是美国最广为人知的反酒后驾车的口号。

●The United Negro College Fund has been reminding Americans that “A Mind is a Terrible Thing to Waste,” since 1972. UNCF has raised over $1.4 billion, and helped more than 300,000 minority students graduate from college.
●从1972年开始,“联合黑人大学基金会”(UNCF)就一直提醒着美国人,“天才可贵,岂容浪费”。基金会筹集了14多亿美元,资助30,000多名少数民族学生读完大学。

●Since the Crash Test Dummies, Vince and Larry, were introduced to the American public in 1985, safety belt usage has increased from 21% to 70%, saving an estimated 75,000 lives.
●撞车测试假人文斯和拉里于1985年与美国公众见面后,使用安全带的比率从21%增加到70%,估计有75,000人的生命。

Since creating the category of public service advertisements (PSAs) in 1942, the Ad Council has played an increasingly critical role in our changing society. The War Advertising Council, a private, non-profit organization, was founded to rally support for World War II-related efforts. The War Ad Council produced PSA campaigns that raised $35 billion in War Bonds, encouraged the planting of 50 million Victory Gardens, reminded people that “Loose Lips Sink Ships,” and recruited 2 million women into the job force through the powerful symbol, "Rosie the Riveter." After the War, the President asked the War Ad Council to continue as a peacetime public service organization to help solve the most

pressing social issues of the day. Hence, the Ad Council was born.
1942年,首次出现了公益广告这个类别,自那时起,广告委员会在我们这个不断变化的社会中扮演着越来越关键的角色。战时广告委员会是一个私人建立的非盈利性机构,成立的初衷是为与二战有关的活动募集资助。战时广告委员会发起了很多公益广告运动,通过战时公债筹集了350亿美元,鼓励人们开发了50,000,000个战时菜园,告诫人们“一言不慎,千帆尽沉”,通过感染力极强的铆工罗奇的形象,吸收了2,000,000名女性加入劳动大军。二战结束后,总统要求战时广告委员会继续存在下去,以和平时期的公益广告机构的身份,帮助解决当时迫在眉睫的社会问题,因此广告委员会应运而生。

The Ad Council’s mission is to identify a select number of significant public issues and stimulate action on those issues through communications programs that make a measurable difference in our society. To that end, the Ad Council marshals volunteer talent from the advertising and communications industries, the facilities of the media, and the resources of the business and non-profit communities to create awareness, foster understanding and motivate action.
广告委员会的使命是精心挑选出若干重大社会问题,通过传播方案,激励人们采取相应的行动,在一定程度上改变社会现状。为了达到这个目的,广告委员会募集了广告业和通信业的精英志愿工作者,利用媒体的设施,以及工商业界和非赢利团体的资源,来提高公民的意识,促进理解,激发行动。

As the nation’s leading producer of PSAs, the Ad Council has created more than 1,000 public service campaigns concerning critical issues such as crime prevention and drug abuse, and has brought issues such as child abuse, recycling and AIDS to national attention. In 1995, to maximize the impact of all of the campaigns, the Ad Council’s Board of Directors voted unanimously to adopt a new, ten-year initiative to help Americans who can’t speak for themselves — our children. Dubbed “Commitment 2000,” its objective is to raise awareness and stimulate individuals to take positive action, so that our nation’s children will have a better chance of achieving their full potential.
作为美国公益广告界的头号制作者,广告委员会发起的公益广告运动超过1,000项,内容涉及制止犯罪和毒品滥用等重大问题,也使全美人民注意到虐待儿童、垃圾回收、艾滋病等问题。1995年,为了最大限度地发挥所有这些运动的影响力,广告委员会的董事会一致投票决定采取一项新的倡议,为期十年,来帮助不能为自己说话的美国人——美国儿童。该项行动名为“承诺2000”,目的是提高认识,激励个人采取积极行动,使美国儿童能有更好

的机会来充分发挥他们的潜力。

For the past two years the Ad Council has been frequently listed as a Top 25 Internet Advertiser, according to Nielsen/NetRatings rankings, registering approximately 11 billion impressions in 2000. The organization’s Website, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f216119673.html,, features all of the campaigns. The Ad Council’s pledge is to remain committed and vigilant in establishing a foothold for public service advertising in a rapidly changing media landscape.
根据尼尔森网络测评公司的排名,在过去的两年中,广告委员会在互联网广告商中的排名一般都在前25位,2000年的点击量约为110亿次。该机构的网站https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f216119673.html,上介绍了所有的这些运动。广告委员会保证,要在这个瞬息万变的传媒世界,为公益广告建立一个立足之地,并且忠于职守,保持警觉。

Since the tragedies of September 11th, Americans have experienced profound grief and immobilizing fear that has shaken beliefs, threatened security and deepened the economic decline. The Ad Council reached out to the federal government as well as important national non-profits with an offer to create and also distribute their crisis-related messages to media outlets nationwide. These new messages are designed to inform, inspire and involve all Americans to participate in activities that will strengthen the nation and help win the war on terrorism.
9月11日的惨剧之后,美国人极为悲痛,恐惧心理挥之不去,信仰开始动摇,安全受到威胁,经济下降更趋严重。广告委员会主动联系联邦政府及美国重要的非赢利机构,提出创作与危机相关的公益广告,在全国媒体播出。这些新广告的设计理念是教育和激励全体美国人民积极行动起来,使美国人民坚强起来,为最终战胜恐怖主义贡献力量。


D-1. The main idea of the passage is that__________.
A) the slogans and characters in public service advertisements are easy to remember
B) the Ad Council pledged to remain watchful for PSAs in the media
C) advertisers helped to solve the most demanding social issues of the day
D) public service advertisements have made a positive contribution to social changes

B-2. The public service slogans mentioned in the passage have raised people's awareness of their _________.
A) health
B) safety
C) wealth
D) creativity

D-3. From the passage, we can learn that __________.
A) some people helped the Ad Council to fulfill its mission
B) the Ad Council has profited from public service advertisements
C) the Ad Council testified to its ability to deliver messages
D) the War Advertising Council finished its mission after World War II

D-4. The promise of the Ad Council for children is to _________.
A) help them create their awareness of preventing forest fires
B) adopt an initiative to help them speak for themselves
C) launch a campaign to prevent them from drug ab

use
D) help them get a chance of gaining their full potential

B-5. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A) the Ad Council is the nation's leading producer of PSAs
B) people remember advertisements easily through slogans
C) a lot of people benefited from public service advertisements
D) people like to discuss issues concerning crime prevention



U4

PA

Death of a Dream
梦断魂萦

They boarded the plane in New York City with high hopes. The 18 members of the United States figure skating team would fly to Brussels, Belgium. Then they were to go on to Prague, Czechoslovakia, for the world ice skating championships. A photo was taken of the team members as they stood on the steps of the Sabena Airlines 707 jet. The best of America’s skaters beamed for the camera. Mostly young, they laughed and giggled, their eyes dancing with excitement. This was going to be the time of their lives.
在纽约,美国花样滑冰队的18名成员踌躇满志地登上飞机。他们将飞往比利时的布鲁塞尔,在那儿转机,到(前)捷克斯洛伐克去参加在布拉格举办的世界花样滑冰锦标赛。站在比利时沙比那航空公司的707喷气机的舷梯上,全体成员合影留念。这批全美顶尖的滑冰运动员在照相机前笑脸盈盈,开心地笑着,眼睛里舞动着激动与兴奋。这将成为他们生命中珍贵的一刻。

There were three ice skating pairs on the plane. Two were brother-and-sister teams: Laurie and William Hickox and Ida and Ray Hadley. There was also the husband-and-wife team of Patricia and Robert Dineen. But the brightest star of all was a singles skater. Her name was Laurence “Laurie” Owen. Only 16 years old, she had won the North American title for women just two days earlier. Laurie had great skill, dazzling grace, and a winning smile.
机上有三对双人组合,其中两对是兄妹组合:希科克斯兄妹和哈德利兄妹,另一对是夫妻搭档,迪宁夫妇。但众星之中最耀眼的是一名单人滑选手。她叫劳伦斯·欧文,人称“劳利”。年仅16岁的她,两天前刚夺得北美花样滑冰女子冠军。劳利技巧娴熟,优雅无比,笑靥如花。

Laurie came from a skating family. Her mother, Maribel, had won the U.S figure skating championship nine times. Laurie had an older sister who shared her mother’s name. Maribel Owen, age 20, was not quite as strong a skater as Laurie. Still, she had just won the U.S. senior pairs championship. All three of the Owen women were on the plane bound for Brussels.
劳利出生于滑冰世家。母亲玛丽贝尔曾九次将美国花样滑冰冠军收入囊中。劳利还有一个姐姐,与母亲同名。玛丽贝尔·欧文20岁,实力不如劳利,但也刚刚获得美国双人滑大龄组的冠军。欧文家的三员女将都在飞往布鲁塞尔的航班上。

Sabena Flight 548 took off at 7:30 P.M. on February 14, 1961. The flight a

cross the Atlantic was pleasant. Early the next day, the plane neared the airport at Brussels. There seemed to be no cause for concern. There was no distress signal of any kind from the pilot, Captain Louis Lambrechts. There were no storms or high winds in the region. In fact, the weather was perfect. It was warm and sunny. 
1961年2月14日下午7点30分,沙比那548号航班起飞了。飞越大西洋的航程是很惬意的。第二天一早,飞机飞临布鲁塞尔的机场,没有任何异常。驾驶飞机的路易斯·兰布莱奇机长,没有发出任何遇难信号。该地区没有暴风雨,也没有大风。事实上,天气很好,暖和而晴朗。

But something must have gone wrong in the cockpit. During the last few minutes before the scheduled landing, Captain Lambrechts did not contact the Brussels airport. Just before 10:00 A.M., he lowered the wheels of the jet and began his approach to land. But, at the last moment, he pulled the plane up. Perhaps he saw another jet taking off and feared a collision. Or perhaps he already knew that something was wrong with his plane. In any case, he circled the airport and prepared to try again.
但驾驶员座舱肯定出了什么差错。在预定着陆的最后几分钟内,兰布莱奇机长没有与布鲁塞尔机场联系。快到上午十点时,他放下了起落架,开始着陆。但在最后一刻,他又把飞机机头拉起往上攀升。也许他看见另一架飞机正在起飞,害怕撞机。也许他已经知道他的飞机出了故障。不管怎么样,他绕着机场飞了一圈,再次尝试着陆。

Lambrechts came in a second time, flying about 500 feet over a farm near the village of Berg, northeast of Brussels. Then he suddenly increased his speed and pulled the plane into a steep climb. By this time, officials in the Brussels control tower could tell that something was very wrong. “We saw the crash coming,” said one official. “They couldn’t have been faster,” the official said. “But there was nothing they could do.”
兰布莱奇第二次出现了,飞过布鲁塞尔东北部的一个叫博格的村庄附近的农场,飞行了大约500英尺。突然他猛地提速,飞机急遽攀升。这时候,布鲁塞尔控制塔的官员们知道大事不妙了。“我们眼睁睁地看着惨剧发生,”有个官员说。“他们的反应够快的了,可是无能为力,”他说。

A man riding on a train saw that the plane was in trouble. “The plane appeared to be making a normal approach to land when it suddenly reared up into the sky,” he said. “Then it fell back like a great stone and we heard the explosion.” 
有个坐火车的人看见飞机出问题了。“飞机好像准备正常着陆,突然又攀升到天空,”他说。“然后掉了下来,像块大石头一样,接着我们就听见了爆炸声。”

It was 10:05 A.M. when the Sabena jet hit the ground and exploded in a ball of flame

s. It just missed hitting a row of houses. All 72 people on board were killed, including 49 Americans and 11 members of the crew. There was nothing anyone could do. The crash site was a scene of total destruction. Debris was scattered over 200 yards. Charred remains and body parts were strewn all over the area. Several couples on the plane were found locked in a final embrace.
10点05分,飞机撞到地面爆炸了,燃成了一团火球。还险些就撞上一排房子。机上72人全部遇难,其中包括49名美国人和11名机组人员。人们无能为力。失事现场一片狼藉。碎片散落到200码开外。烧焦的残骸以及肢体满地都是。机上的几对夫妇最后一次紧紧抱在一起。

The crash stunned skaters and figure skating fans around the globe. Never before had anything so tragic happened in their sport. To honor the dead, the Prague competition was canceled. The crash was particularly devastating for some families. In addition to the Owen family, with its loss of three women, nine other skating families suffered more than one death. The hopes and dreams of these athletes had ended in a flash. All that remained as rescuers combed through the wreckage were three pairs of melted skates dangling from one of the wings. 
这场空难震惊了全球滑冰界以及热爱花样滑冰的人们。滑冰界以前从来没有发生过类似的惨剧。为了纪念遇难者,布拉格的冠军赛取消了。这次坠机对某些家庭尤其令人悲痛欲绝。欧文家三名女性全部丧生。除此之外,还有九个家庭至少痛失两名亲人。明星们的希望和梦想在一瞬间破灭了。救援人员仔细搜寻了遇难现场,只找到三双已经烧焦的冰鞋,在残留的机翼上摇曳。


PB

In the Nick of Time
刹那之间

As Katie Pritchard unloaded bags of groceries from the trunk of her car on May 1, 1989, her sons Todd and Scott played happily in the driveway. The family lived at the end of a dead-end street in Ramsey, New Jersey. So Katie was not worried about her kids wandering out to the street and getting hit by a car. But she often warned three-year-old Todd not to go near the railroad tracks. The tracks were less than 300 feet from the house, just beyond a cluster of trees.
1989年5月1日,凯蒂·普里查德正在把商店里买来的一包包东西从汽车的行李箱里卸下来,她的两个儿子托德和斯科特在车道上玩得很开心。他们住在新泽西州的拉姆齐城的一个死胡同里,所以凯蒂不用担心孩子们会跑到街上被汽车撞倒。但她经常警告三岁的托德,不要靠近铁路。铁路离房子不足300英尺,只隔着一片树丛。

After putting away her first load of groceries, Katie returned to her car to get more bags. She saw the boys still at play. Katie also heard the roar of a passenger express train as it rolled by. Then she went back into the house with another load of grocery bags.

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