新标准大学英语视听说4

Unit 1 Nine to five

Outside view

Part 1

Samantha Graduation. What a day! Your life is about to begin! And then your parents say…

Mother Get a job.

Samantha I tell you! Looking for your first job out of college can be pretty hard.

Reading all the job listings is so annoying. Even trying to figure out what the

actual job is can be difficult. Searching through the want ads can be so boring.

And writing your resume is really hard work.

Samantha I don‘t have that day open.

Samantha Getting a job interview, and than going on it– the whole process is pretty tough .

Interviewer Sorry to keep you waiting. Uh, have a seat. I have your resume here, and you‘re interested in the assistant‘s position.

Samantha Yeah. Yeah, I am.

Interviewer Well, the right candidate for this job has to be very outgoing and sociable.

After all, it is a sales position.

Samantha Well, I‘m a real extrovert. Definitely.

Interviewer And the right candidate has to have great self-confidence. Customers need to fell that you k now what you‘re talking about.

Samantha Well, I‘m really self-confident. Um, I know what I‘m talking about and I think

I can project that.

Interviewer So, what skills would you bring to this job?

Samantha Well, I realize that I‘m completely overqu alified for the position. I mean, um, in my last job, I was running the whole place.

Interviewer Oh, so you‘ve supervised people?

Samantha Yep. Five of them. So, obviously I could do this job, no problem. I also have really good computer skills. Um, what else do you want to know about

me?

Interviewer Uh …

Samantha Even though I was trying really hard, even though I had sent out about 300 resumes, even though I asked all my friends and relatives if they knew

of anything, I wasn‘t getting anyw here! Despite all my best efforts, I was still

unemployed.

Part 2

Mother Please, why don‘t you see a career counselor? I‘ll pay for it. Anything to help you get a job!

Phyllis Samantha, I‘m Phyllis Stein. Welcome.

Samantha Oh, hi, Phyllis. Nice to meet you.

Samantha So. I figure, heck, why not? I met with Phyllis Stein, a professional job coach.

Phyllis Interviewing is vital to getting the job that you want.

Samantha She showed me how to prepare for an interview by doing research on the position and the company. And later, she coached me on my interviewing

skills.

Phyllis I am going to pretend to be your interviewer, and then we‘ll stop it and replay it and look at the video and see what we could learn from that. OK? Phyllis I don‘t think that you should go into an interview having not practiced with some of the questions that are pretty standard.

Phyllis Tell me about yourself.

Samantha Well, my parents – my mom is a social worker, and my dad is an engineer. Phyllis Your preparation is really important.

Phyllis What do you know about our organization?

Samantha Well, I saw on, um, the Internet that you do business publishing? Right? Phyllis There‘s a whole range of things that have to do with h ow you present yourself.

Phyllis Why should I hire you?

Samantha Oh, well, um, I‘m a really outgoing person, and I like, I like people a lot. I‘m responsible and nice.

Phyllis You need to think about what the interviewer is actually looking for. Phyllis Samantha, what was a major problem t hat you‘ve encountered and how did you solve it.

Samantha I haven‘t really had any problems to deal with.

Phyllis Thank you. Now, let‘s look at your mock interview on videotape.

Phyllis I think it boils down to preparation, presentation, and understanding what the interviewer is looking for.

Phyllis Tell me about yourself.

Samantha Um, well, my name is Samantha Green and, um, I grew up in Cambridge and, um, I went to Boston College.

Phyllis Another way of answering it is not telling about yourself, but telling about yourself in relationship to the job. So, they don‘t care so much about your

parents and that your want to live in Cambridge. They may need you to be

able to be a troubleshooter. You use some examples in your life from being

a troubleshooter.

Samantha I haven‘t really had any problems to deal wit.

Phyllis One of things that someone who is an assistant in a trade show is doing, is dealing with problems.

Phyllis You need to be sure that you stay, sourt of, on target with

presenting…presenting yourself in the strongest possible way.

Part3

Samantha This time I felt a lot more confident when I went in for interview. Samantha I have developed strong communication skills. In college I worked on the

school paper, and I‘ve brought some writing samples to show you. I also

worked every summer at a bed-and-breakfast. I worked a lot with our guests.

I booked reservations over the phone, got them what they need, and

handled any complaints.

Samantha Well, I feel like I didn‘t really well, We‘ll see.

Speaker 1Making a good first impression is the most important part of a job interview. Speaker 2Arriving on the important parts of a job interview.

Speaker 3It‘s very important that you are being confident and you‘re being clear in your answers and listening carefully.

Speaker 4Not fidgeting and being confident are the most important things in a job interview.

Speaker 5Writing a thank-you note is the most important thing you want to do after a job interview.

Speaker 6And go in there with a firm handshake.

Listening in

Passage 1

―It‘s not enough to ask what successful people are like…It is only by asking where they are from that we can unravel the logic behind who succeeds and who doesn‘t.‖This is the basic idea of an intriguing book called Outliers, by the American journalist Malcolm Gladwell. The book explores the factors which contribute to people who are extremely successful in their careers,for example, the role that family, culture, and friendship play.

Gladwell examines the causes of why the majority of Canadian ice hockey players are born in the first few months of the calendar year, what the founder of Microsoft Bill Gates did to achieve his extraordinary success, and why the Beatles managed to redefine the whole of popular music in the 1960s.

Gladwell points out that the youth hockey league in Canada recruits from January the first, so that players born early in the year are bigger, stronger and better athletes than others born later in the year. And because they have this advantage at the start of their sports career, they‘re given extra coaching, and so there‘s a greater chance that they‘ll be picked for an elite hockey team in the future.

He calls this phenomenon accumulative advantage, a bit like the idea that the rich get richer and poor get pooer. Success depends on the process by which talented athletes are identified as much as it does on their own abilities.

Another aspect which contributes to success is the 10,000 hour rule. Great success demands an enormous amount of time for practice and Training. For example, the Beatles performed live in Hamvurg Germany more than 1,200 times over four years, much more than the 10,000 hours Gladwell claims is necessary for great success. So by the time they returned to England, they had developed their talent and sounded completely different from any other group.

In the same way , Bill Gates had thousands of hours‘ worth of progra mming because he had access to a computer at his high school. He also became a teenager just at the right time to take advantage of the latest developments in computer technology.

All through the book, Gladwell repeats his claim that it‘s not just tal ent or genius which determines someone‘s success, but opportunity, advantage and even simple good luck.

Outliers has met with extraordinary success, matched only by Gladwell‘s own career over 25 years in journalism. As a result, many critics have seen it as an autobiography, in which the writer appears to be apologizing for his own personal achievements. But the idea that you have to be born at the right moment, in the right place and in the right family, and then you have to work really hard is a thought-provoking way of revisiting our traditional view of genius and great achievement. It‘s certainly worth reading, as long as you don‘t take it too seriously.

Passage2

Presenter:Hi we‘re talking about typical working hours in the US and in Brazil.Eric…

u m… you‘re from the States, tell me what are the typical working hours in the States? Eric:Er…traditionally people go to work at 9 o‘clock in the morning and they finish at about 5,so sort of a 9 to 5.

Presenter:And, and Penny I…I know you‘re English but yo u work in Brazil, what are the hours in Brazil?

Penny:Um varies slightly, sometimes you can start um on an earlier shift, say, 8 o‘clock in the morning to 5 um or 9 until 6. But in Brazil often people will work longer hours than this. Presenter:Right, right, OK. And what kind of clothes do you wear? I mean do you, do you dress up formally or in a relaxed way?

Eric:It used to be that you would wear a jacket and a tie to work for…for men but er nowadays an open shirt is OK. You don‘t necessarily have to wear a tie and sometimes on a Friday you can wear a pair of jeans to work.

Presenter:Oh right, the dress down Friday?

Eric:The dress down Friday ,that‘s right.

Presenter:Does that still happen?

Eric:Yes, yes sure it does.

Presenter:And how about in Brazil?

Penny:Um it‘s fairly casual, quite informal, um I mean you need to look neat and tidy obviously, but you, you have your own choice really on what you would wear, there are no rules and regulations. It‘s important to look smart but be comfortable.

Presenter:Rig ht, yeah and do you have meal breaks or is that… you just fit in meals when you can or…?

Eric:Lunch, lunch is usually an hour, sometimes a little shorter if you have to do a lot of work from your desk.

Presenter:Yeah. How about Brazil?

Penny:That‘s the sam e, about an hour.

Presenter:And, and with overtime, I mean, if you… I mean you‘re obviously contracted to

do a certain number of hours. What happens if you do more than the hours that you… that‘s in your… that are in your contract?

Eric:I have to make a fa irly strict record of my hours so if I go beyond 5 o‘clock on most days I put in for overtime.

Presenter:Right.

Eric:And it‘s… the first hours is one hour of overtime and then there‘s I think 15 minute periods after that. So I could work an hour and a quarter.

Presenter:And you‘d be paid for the quarter hours?

Eric:That‘s right, by the quarter hour.

Presenter:How about in Brazil?

Penny:It‘s, it‘s a lot looser in Brazil actually. We, we often end up doing overtime but unfortunately not paid.

Presenter:Fine. That‘s hard luck. And what about holidays, what about in the States? You don‘t have much holidays in the States, do you?

Eric:No, when you, when you start at a company you get two weeks holiday or two weeks vacation as we say…

Presenter:Yeah

Eric:Um then i t‘s usually not until you‘ve been at the company for about five years that they give you another week. So you get three weeks after you‘ve been there for five years. Presenter:And, and, and what about in Brazil?

Penny:Um it‘s quite good actually—30days.

Presenter:Sounds very generous.

Penny:Yeah I can,I can pop back to…

Presenter:Is that 30 working days or 30 days in total?

Penny:That‘s 30 working days.

Presenter:Wow that‘s….

Penny:Yes yeah it‘s a good deal.

Presenter:What about retirement？I know it‘s a lon g way off?When do you retire?

Eric:Generally speaking it‘s at 65.

Presenter:And,and the same for women?

Eric:Um,I think a little sooner than that for women. Women I think 62 or 63.

Presenter:Right, good. And, and in Brazil is it similar?

Penny:Similar to t he states. It‘s um after 60 for women,65 for men,or um if you‘ve clocked up about 30 or 35 years of service then you can retire after that.

Presenter:Right.And when…do you have a pay day? When is pay day?

Eric:Um well we get paid, er, twice a month, so we get paid at the beginning of the month and then we get paid in the middle of the month at the 15th give or take.

Presenter:Yeah, and what about Brazil、

Penny:I think it all depends which company you‘re working for .For the one I am working for right now I get paid twice a month but when I began ,with a different company that was once a month so,it varies.

Presenter:And are there any company benefits that you have in the states? Do you have a company car or a pension？

Eric:Yean we get a company car.We‘re able to…we lease a car in effect but it‘s a

company car that we get for 18 months to two years and then we ,er…we can move on to another model from that. There is a fairly good pension scheme, that‘s still working, and hospitalization as well.

Presenter:Oh th at‘s important.

Eric:Yeah,a health plan through work is very important.

Presenter:Right.And what about in Brazil?

Penny:Yean excellent benefits like that. Well I mean it does depend on the company and the status of you ,of your job but um you might get a car ,un living accommodation ,um school for the children ,um they‘ll pay for your lunch ,travel passes ,um gasoline ,health insurance ,all sorts of benefits actually it‘s very good.

Presenter:Sounds very good, with the holiday and all those benefits it sounds a great place to work..

Unit 2 A good read

Outside view

Part1

British people read a lot. They read books,Newspapers and magazines. And of course they read text messages on their mobile phones. Sixty-five percent of British people list ―reading for pleasure‖ as a major hobby. A quarter of the population reads more than 20 books each year. So where do these books come from? Well, there are bookshops where you can buy books. And there are lots of public libraries where you can borrow books for free.

Part2

In this library you can borrow books but you can also buy a cup of coffee, look at an art exhibition, sit in a quiet study area or connect to the Internet. You can also now borrow CDs, videos or DVDs of films and television programmes. Some libraries even let you borrow computer games. There are often reference rooms where you can go to look something up or go to study. Many libraries have also got special rooms with books and photographs about the history of the area. Libraries are very important in schools and universities both for reading for pleasure.

Part3

The British Library is one of the world‘s greatest Libraries. The Queen opened it‘s new building in 1998.It receives a copy of every book published in Britain and adds three million new ite ms every year. It‘s got books of course, but also sound recordings, music, maps, newspapers and magazines. People predicted that radio ,then television, then the internet would kill reading, but it is still a very popular activity.

Listening in

Passage 1

Mike So how long has your book group been running ?

Chris Well , let me see, it‘s over 20 years now. I think it‘s actually one of the oldest book groups around , because it was only about 20 years ago that they started to become fashionable in the UK.

Mike And how often do you have meetings ?

Chris We meet about once every four or five weeks , although we try to avoid meetings in the summer holidays, and during the run-up to Christmas when we all start to get busy with other things.

Mike And how many members do you have?

Chris We‘re ten in all .although it‘s rare that everyone can attend.

Mike And what happens during the meeting?

Chris Well,we usually meet at one of our homes ,and we start fairly late, around

8.30 ,and the host prepares di nner, and sometime during the meal , someone asks ―So what did you think of the book ?‖ and that‘s when the discussion starts.

Mik e It sounds quite informal.

Chris It is , yes , and sometimes if we haven‘t enjoyed the book , the meal becomes more impor tant than the discussion. But it‘s fairly rare that no one likes the book, and it gets quite interesting when opinions about it are divided

Mkie and what sort of books do you read?

Chris Oh, all kinds, actually, not just novels, although I must admit that being a member of the club makes me read more modern fiction than I might do otherwise. But we also read the classics, you know the novels we all read or should have read 30 years ago, and it‘s quite good fun to revisit them, to see if our views of the books have changed. We re-read Thomas Hardy recently, and whereas I used to love it when I was a student, this time I thought it was exasperatingly dull. And we read non-fiction, quite a lot of history and travel writing. A couple of the members like poet ry, which I don‘t, but you know, we‘re tolerant of each other‘s choice, and it gives us a chance to try things we wouldn‘t usually read

Mike And how do you choose the books?

Chris Well,at the end of the evening the person who hosts the dinner-basically, the cook-Has the right to choose the next book.

Mike And that works OK?

Chris Yes, although there‘s quite a lot of stress on choosing something that will earn everyone else‘s respect. And we‘ve got one member who likes science fiction, so we try not to goto his place too often!

Passage 2

Well, thank you for your kind welcome, and for giving me the opportunity to give this brief tour of Literary England. I can‘t claim it‘s an authoritative tour, as I‘m not a

professional literary specialist. However, I have two amateur passions: one is travel and the other is reading, and English literature in particular. And this lecture is a description of different visits I have made to places in Britain and Ireland, chosen specifically for their close links with well-known writers of what we call the classics of English literature. Just to give you an overview of the lecture, I‘m going to start in my home town of London, which is also the home of many well-known writers. But I think that the picture we have in our mind of London has been largely fashioned by the work of Charles Dickens and Shakespeare. Dickensian London illustrated most clearly by his book Oliver Twist, and Shakespeare‘s London brings to mind the plays written and performed here, such as Romeo and Juliet. We‘ll also have a look at the memorial of great British writers, Poets‘ Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Then off we go to Oxford, another city rich in its literary history. I‘m going to focus on the greatest of Oxford‘s literary alumni, JRR Tolkie n, the professor of English who wrote Lord of the Rings, which is now famous throughout the world because of the recent series of films.

Then we turn south towards the gentle countryside of Hampshire, home of Jane Austen, where her various novels, including Pride and Prejudice are set. She also spent a period of her life in the magnificent Georgian city Bath.

Then we turn north to the hills of West Yorkshire where we find Bronte country, so called because it was the home of the three sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte. Perhaps the two best known novels are Charlotte Bronte‘s Jane Eyre, and Emily Bronte‘s Wuthering Heights, also made into successful films.

Then up to the northwest, to the stunning land of mountains and Lakeland poets. Perhaps its most famous son is William Wordsworth, whose poem ―I wandered lonely as a cloud‖ has been learnt by generations of school children not just in Britain, but around the English-speaking world.

So that‘s the basic route Literary England, although I‘ll be taking several days to visit other famous writers whose work contributes to the glory which is English literature. Let‘s start…

Unit 3 Fashion statements

Outside view

London has always prided itself on being a little bit different when it comes to fashion. At the catwalk shows, designers showcase the hottest new trends for journalists and buyers from all over the world.

But away from the glamour of designer collections, what do London girls actually wear? How do they create the affordable, personal style they are famous for?

Hannah, who works for a fashion magazine, says London‘s unique style is all about mixing and matching.

―One day you can be punk.. Next day you can be really girlie. It‘s kind of choosing what you want in your wardrobe. Maybe taking an expensive piece but mixing it with something

cheaper or second-hand. I thank that‘s what London girls are really good at doing.‖Portobello Road, in the trendy Nothing Hill area, is home to one of the most famous markets in London. Here, you name it and people wear it-anything from market stall bargains to to-die-for designer labels sold in trendy shops.

But how de the capital‘s women view their style?

―Eclectic. My style is certainly eclectic.‖

―It‘s from Tesco. It‘s the Catherine Kidston range from Tesco. ‖

Sam‘s matched her outfit today with a bag she bought in a supermarket.

Angela is a fashion stylist.

―So tell me a little bit about your style. What are you wearing and what would you say your style is? ‖

―My style tends to change week by week. Today I‘m wearing some jeans from Uniqlo. I‘ve discovered Uniqlo jeans and bought about five pairs‘cause they fit really well. The boots are by Aldo. My T-shirt is from Topshop. The jacket is a really old jacket that I bought in the States a few years ago. But u m, year I mean, it just…it does tend to change a lot.‖Over to New Bond Street, London‘s designer shopping mecca and the style stakes have gone up a little. Some of the most famous and expensive shops in the world can be found here.

Shops where you have to ask the price of that handbag…orpair of shoes…then you kown you can‘t really afford it.

Natatie, a student form the city, says being laid back is what gives London style its edge.

―Er…I don‘t know…Everyone says like…French is like so fashionable and stu ff but I think we‘re quite trendy, we‘re a bit more casua, but I think we‘re still got a good style going on and everyone still looks cool.‖

Seylia works in a jewellery shop. No shabby chic here.

―Cashmere scarf from Louboutin, because it‘s clod. Black coa t from Prada and a Valentino bag, which is probably as colourful as it gets.‖

Katie is a model and loves how people dress in London because everyone has their own individual style.

―I love London, it‘s so unique. And like everyone‘s got their own fashion. I love it here. Because you can wear whatever and just fit in, it's great. I love London for that."

Laura is a student and says she doesn't really put any thought into what she's wearing. "Fashion, I wouldn't really call it fashion. It's just kind of chunked together, basically, what I'm comfortable in."

Camden is known for its grungy, daring and sometime outrageous styles.

Here fashion is whatever you want it to be. T eenagers don't hold back when it comes to choosing clothes, they just want to make a personal statement.

"We're just crazy!"

"We don't hold back so much, It's not all about being elegant or something like that. It's more making a statement, some people."

"And we don't care."

Listening in

Passage 1

Presenter:How often do you change your clothes during the day?

Penny:Um I think it all depends on what I'm going to do. Um it might be as many as three times if...

Presenter:Three times.

Penny:Yes, if I was going to go to the gym, for instance, having dropped the children off at school, I'd be wearing an outfit for... just a causal outfit for doing the school run , then I'd go to the gym and, and get changed and er, and then if I was going out in the evening I'd change again.

Presenter:Yeah, How about you ?

Eric:Yeah um I think it depends what happens during the day. Most of the time though I just put on my clothes for work. I go to work, I come home. Um maybe, maybe take something off, like er my shoes and change into a pair of slippers or something, just a pair of sneakers. Um but there are times when if I go to the gym, like penny said ,or if we're going out, my wife and I are going out for some occasion, I have to change into something a little nicer.

Presenter:And, and so what would, what would be the occasion when you changed into something nicer ? It would be different from a work...?

Eric:Yeah like going to someone's house for dinner or going out for dinner, or going to some kind of event.

Presenter:Yeah,yeah, Would that be the same for you ?

Penny:Definitely. Going to the theatre,um or meeting, meeting friends for a drink, yes. Presenter:So you'd always change for a social circumstances ?

Penny:Definitely makes it feel more of occasion.

Presenter:Ok,and what about the clothes you are wearing at the moment, how would you...you know,how...what made you choose these clothes this morning ?

Penny:Well. I'm going for an interview in an hour's time so I've got to look quite smart and presentable so that‘s why I‘m looking smarter than I normally would do in the day. Presenter:I think you‘ve got a head start here because you look very presentable. Penny:Ah thank you.

Presenter:How about you?

Eric:I‘m able to go to work in fairly casual clothes so, um you know it‘s fairly relaxed, nice and easy, anything I‘m comfortable with, but as it‘s clean and the boss says it‘s all right. Presenter:And so you dress for comfort or do you think you're fashion conscious as well? Eric:Maybe a little bit fashion conscious, yeah. You don't want to stand out like a sore thumb and people make fun of you, you know for some reason, but at the same time you want to have your own bit of individuality.

Presenter:I think you're discreetly fashion conscious, would you agree with...? Penny:Yes, and, and another... a good trick I always do is carry um my high heels in my hand bag and go in my traines you see, and then I can charge along and jump on the bus and then, and then look…

Presente r: And you manage high heels?

Penny:Yes, once I‘m there and haven‘t got to move around too much.

Presenter:Very impressive, very impressive. What do you think your clothes say about your, your mood or your personality? Do you change depending…if you get up in the morning do you put on certain clothes depending how you feel?

Penny:Definitely, yes .I f I‘m if I‘m feeling maybe a bit down I do not want to wear black because it‘s quite draining and also as you get older it‘s draining too, so I might I might put on some um warm colours or…which um, I don‘t know , sort of make your skin look lighter and your eyes sparkle a little more. Um I, I c hange…I would say I‘ve got a lot of different colours clothes according to my mood.

Presenter:Yeah, and what about you? Do you change dramatically in the evening when you go out on town on the razz you know?

Eric: Well not really. Um yeah I might put on a nicer pair of shoes or maybe er get out of my jeans and put on a nicer pair of pants, something like that. But um for the most part it‘s a young organization that I work for and the boss is fairly young so we all dress um with a …with a youthful thought in mind.

Presenter: Thank you .

Passage2

Organizers of the London Fashion Show have confirmed today that they will not be following the ban on size zero models which was introduced during similar events in Madrid and Milan.

Faced with a disturbing incre ase in the number of cases of the slimmer‘s disease , anorexia, city authorities in Milan and Madrid decided to take action against the appearance in fashion shoes of models whose Body Mass Index was less than 18.5-the level below which a person‘s health i s considered to be at risk.

The ban follows the death of a Mexican model who ate salads and drank Coke for three months. She had been told by her model agency that she would be extremely successful in the fashion world ,but only if she lost weight. A short while after finishing her catwalk display, she complained of feeling unwell ,and later died of heart failure.

The London Fashion Show was expected to introduce a similar ban on its own size zero models—which is a UK size 4, or a European size 32. In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency by designers to use only the slimmest of models who show off their clothes to the best advantage. Critics claimed that the size zero models encourage young women of all sizes to reduce their weight to unhealthy levels.

The Body Mess Index is measured by taking your weight in kilos divided by your height in metres squared. It‘s considered to be a more accurate measurement of a person‘s health than the dress size they wear.

But it appears that contributors to the London Fashion Show are nervous about Milan and Madrid‘s concern for the health of their fashion models. A spokesperson said,―We refuse to comment on or interfere in the creativity of the designers displaying their collections at our show.‖Other s claimed that designers were not uncaring, and would use their common sense.―It‘s an obvious choice not to use a model who is clearly unhealthy,‖said one industry insider.

One unnamed designer said that he couldn‘t afford to design dresses in sizes whi ch are more realistic for the average woman. He said that if he made them any bigger, no one would use them in photo shoots for magazines. It‘s not the designers who are promoting size zero models. It‘s the fashion magazines and ultimately, it‘s the custom ers—the people who buy the magazines—who decide what we design and promote in fashion shows.

To explore the different sides of the debate we‘ve invited a couple of leading fashion specialists into the studio…

Unit4 Money talks

Outside view

Part1

Voiceover So you want to win a million dollars. Who doesn‘t, right? Everyone has fun thinking about how they would spend all that money.

Speaker1If I won a million dollars, I would take a vacation around the world. Speaker2If I won a million dollars, I would feed the hungry children in Africa. Speaker3I would buy a Learjet and get out of here.

Speaker4If I won a million dollars, I would buy a cabin and live in the woods. Speaker5If I won a million dollars, I would take a trip around the world, and the rest of it I would give to charities.

Voiceover Winning a million dollars is a nice fantasy. But for many people, their fantasy can get them in trouble. Criminals called con artists, scam artists, or frauds, take advantage of people‘s dreams of winning it big.

Maria My dad told my mom, ―Don‘t do that, because you don‘t know if they‘re going to trick you or not!‖

Voiceover Scam artists trick Maria Ellan‘s mother out of thousands of dollars. These criminals told Maria‘s mother that she had won part of a million-dollar jackpot. But, they said ,since she was not a US citizen, she was not allowed to claim the prize. They promised to collect the prize for her if she gave them thousands of dollars.

Maria $15,000, uh, at 5 o‘clock in the Lottery Texas Department . That‘s what they told her. And my mom said, ―OK, I‘ll be there at that time.‖

Voiceover Police at the Dollars Lotto Claims. Office say that dozens of people have been tricked out of their money in this latest fraud. Fraud is a common crime. Hoping to win millions, people make poor decisions and lose their money. But people who really do win millions can make poor decisions too. Bob Kenny works for an organization called More Than Money. More Than Money helps who come into large amounts of money make good decisions about how to manage their unexpected wealth.

Bob What‘s really important to me? My family . The health of my family . The education of my family .The long-term care of my family . These are the things that are importa nt to me. These are the things I‘m going to use my money to get in the world.

Part2

Voiceover Albert Miller and Dorothy Adams who won a whopping $40 million had many choices to make on how to spend their new wealth.

Albert I was finally able to afford some health insurance, so……

Voiceover And you didn‘t have it before this?

Albert No I didn‘t , and I worked every, every day of my adult life.

Bob That‘s a great decision, buying health insurance . He knows his health is important to him. His family‘s health is important to him. He knows he‘s important to his family. So it‘s a really easy decision. I have the money. I need the health insurance. I‘m going to buy it.

Voiceover Now Albert can afford almost anything he wants. He bought an everyday car, a top of the line Infinity.

Albert It‘s low-key…it‘s a low-profile car for me.

Voiceover His other new one is not. It‘s a special edition Rolls-Royce. There are fewer than two dozen like this in the world. With a cognac bar, a twelve-cylinder engine, and one smooth ride.

Albert You fly a Rolls, you don‘t drive a Rolls. So, you know, you just fly along. Bob He decided to buy one car that was practical,that he could use every day. And then he decided to buy another car that he knows is not practical, that‘s been a fantasy of his. It‘s something that, in some ways, he‘s always wanted. And having a little fun with money while he‘s trying to make these decisions is a perfectly normal thing to do Voiceove r Last time we talked, you were talking diamonds. What happened?

Dorothy Uh, well I got diamonds!

Voiceover Big ones.Eleven carats in all.

Bob I think that was a very sweet thing to do. He had his fantasies, she had hers, and having diamonds is something she always wanted.

Voiceover A few weeks after the big win, the couple closed their restaurant, called Bentley‘s.Now they have more time to travel, golf and play on the boat Albert just bought.Still,a lot‘s the same. They live in the same house, in the same neighborhood where they both grew up.

Albert’s son We try to keep everything pretty much the same as it was before. You know, we tried not to let money change us.

Part3

Bob Our culture wants us to believe that if we‘re not hap py,if we had more money,we would be happy.And the research shows that that‘s just not true.Y ou‘ll still wake up some mornings with a headache.You‘ll still wake up sometimes in a bad mood.You‘ll still have fights with your friends sometimes.It won‘t make al l of that better.Having more money will not necessarily improve the quality of your relationships or the happiness that you actually have in your life.What money does is allow us to make more choices.And making wise choices is what will make us happy.

Voiceover Despite every man‘s dream come true,Albert still thinks about money. Albert The money pressures not there, but other pressures of having the money

come then, so, you know,I mean,you‘re never totally free of something to worry about Bob Albert‘s a pretty wise guy. He understands that the money is going to create another set of issues for him.

Voiceover I still think.most of us would trade our money problems for Albert‘s any day. Bob I think most of us think that the problems that we have in life would get solved if we had more money. But what I‘m suggesting is that isn‘t necessarily so that money gives us more choices, but it doesn‘t give us the blissful answer.

Listening in

Passage1

Presenter With me today is Tara Black,author of the History of Money.T ara,before we had money,we exchanged things,didn‘t we?

Tara Yes,that‘s right.In the Stone Age,people exchanged things like salt or cattle.But of course the problem is that the things you exchange don‘t last.And so money was introduced as a more permanent way of paying for things.And of couse,money‘s also a lot easier to use.You can carry it around with you very easily.

Presenter So when did people start changing from exchanging goods to paying for things with money?

Tara Well,as far back as 5000BC,people in China and the Middle East were exchanging metals for goods.

Presenter As long ago as that?

Tara Yes.The first silver ingots…

Presenter Silver bars?

Tara Yes-they appeared around 2200BC in Europe and were used as currency.Coins then appeared in Lydia around 700BC.

Presenter Lydia?

Tara Lydia was a country in what‘s now known as Turkey.Then other countries followed their example and started producing them.A Greek coin,the drachma,became standard form of money in large of Aisa and Europe.

Presenter And the first paper money?

Tara Paper money was first used in China around 960AD.

Presenter It‘s always China,isn‘t it?

Tara Quite often,yes.

Presenter So as well as being long-lasting and convenient,a big advantage of coins and paper money is that they have a standard value.

Tara Yes.They‘ve what‘s known as representative money.Every coin or paper note has a certain value that doesn‘t depend on the actual value of the paper or metal. Presenter And how did banks start?

Tara Both the early Persians and tne Ancient Egyptians had storehouses where they kept their country‘s grain- we're talking about 3000 BC. They exchanged the grain for promissory notes.This meant a written promise to pay back a sum of money to

someone.Really,these storehouses can be seen as the first banks.

Presenter I see.

Tara So over a great many centuries banks became places where money was deposited and lent.And they guaranteed that a note of a certain value could be exchanged for a certain amount of silver.

Presenter And then there was the gold standard,wasn‘t there?

Tara Yes,the gold standard was applied all over the world from 1870 to 1915,but it was slowly abandoned.

Presenter When did it become easier…

P a s s a g e2

Speaker 1 As a student, you are probably living on a very limited amount of money,so here are our top useful tips to help you make your money go further.

Speaker 2One. Say no to credit cards! Bands may encourage you to use their cheap credit card facilit ies where you buy now and pay later. It looks great but it‘s so easy to get into debt. If you do have a credit card, hide it and get it out only when you absolutely have to.

Speaker 1Two. Look for bargains! You can look great in second-hand clothes and you can find real bargins in second-hand shops and charity shops. Learn to love eBay and look there first rather than in shop windows. It could make all the difference.

Speaker 2Three. Stick to a budget! Work out exactly how much you have coming in each month and your necessary expenditure – what you absolutely must spend, like rent, bills and food before you look at your disposable income –this means what you‘ve got left for any extras and treats. Think first – do you really need that pair of shoes and can you afford to go to a restaurant this month?

Speaker 1Four. Give up your bad habits (or at least keep them under control!) If yo smoke, drink,buy expensive coffee or regularly eat out,giving it up or at least reducing the amount you spend on these th ings will save you more money than you‘d think.

Speaker 2 Five. Find ways to save money! If you go to the supermarket at the ehd of the day you may find some fresh produce like meat and vegetables marked down in price. If you go to afternoon shows at the cinema or theatre you will save money while still going out and enjoying yourself.

Speaker 1 Six.Beg and borrow before you buy! If you need a book for an essay, has anyone else got it?Try and borrow it rather than buy it.

Speaker 2 Seven.Plan ahead!A lot of unnecessary spending occurs because people fail to plan ahead and have to spend a lot of money at the last moment. Check your diary. When will you need those books for the essay you have to write in June? Can you borrow them now? Or you need to make a trip. Can you buy the ticket in advance rather than at the last moment at a higher price?

Speaker 1The economical habits you develop now while you‘re at college will help you in later life. Don‘t think ―I‘m poor and miserable‖ but instead tell yourself,‖I‘m developing a highly important life skill.‖And it‘s absolutely true.

Unit5 Gender studies

Outside view

In South Korea, women are participating more in the economic and political sectors than they were a decade ago.

But career aspirations for female students in South Korea still tend to be based on the traditional division of gender roles. They are accustomed to thinking of such jobs as teaching and nursing, whilst their male counterparts aim to

become scientists and judges.

Many of these young women are aware that if they want to be independent they need to train so they can have their own source of income.

―In the previous generation, women did not have the right to speak, because they did not have their own financial support. Therefore, our generation of women must work to be financially independent.‖ The growth in the number of women who work has caused the typical Soutn Korean household to change. For example, there are more women living alone. This is because the they can make their own money rather than depend on a man to support them.

There has also been a rapid rise in the number of families in which both parents work. Married women increasingly want to participate in society but they need to balance family life and work.

―After marriage, we all struggle with how to take care of

our children and work.‖ The introduction of day care centres at

some work places, such as the Chohung Bank, has helped to make it possible for mothers to work.

Whilst there women are at work, their children are in the day care centre. There they are usually very well looked after, receiving a balanced diet, playing lots of game and doing plenty of exercise.

Day care centres are increasingly popular all across the world because they enable parents to work. Women employees at Chohung bank find it a big help, although the system is far from perfect.

―So far, my children have been well taken care of by our day care centre. However, it will be difficult when my children go to elementary school because I often have to work late. Who will take care of them? Our family recently decided to live together with our grandparents who might be able to take care of my children.

Mothers also face other problems when they go to work. Women have traditionally been responsible for raising their children and often feel a strong sense of guilt when they put their children into day care. Some worry that it will have a negative impact on their children and that they may fail as a parent.

On top of this, South Korean women often end up being less well paid than men with the same education.

―Korean women‘s status in the labour market has not been much improved in spite of a continuing rise in their presence in the labour force and the level of their education. The majority of working women are still crowded in low status job; many of

which are found in the secondary market.‖ So there are still lots of issues facing women going to work- they are still having to choose between their families and their careers. What can be done to ensure that women are rewarded for their valuable contribution to the working world?

Listening in

Passage 1

Presenter Has feminism gone too far in the way men are shown in advertisements? Do you think there are too many ads now in which men are shown as stupid or weak? Speaker 1 Definitely, yes. I can think of three ads right now where men are shown as stupid. The one that annoys me most is the one where this guy is doing this DIY job and he‘s no good at it, and his girlfriend is standing by waiting to do the job herself. Fine, if it was one ad, but it‘s not, it‘s a whole attitude now to men, It‘s not good for us, it‘s not good for women either.

Speaker2 Um, well, yes, I do feel that feminism has gone too far. I mean, great, women have made a lot of progress in the last 40 years, but it shouldn‘t mean we treat men as inferior, which is what we see in quite a few ads these days. So no,I don‘t really like the way men are portrayed in advertisements.

Speaker 3 Has feminism gone too far in advertisements? No way! Feminism has only just begun,there‘s no real equality of pay in this country, men still have all the top jobs.Women continue to be shown as objects in ads rather than as real people, and until that stops I really don‘t think we can say that feminism has gone too far. I agree that in advertisements these days men aren‘t always shown as supermasculine, but that‘s good and much nearer the truth.

Sperker 4 Ads are about selling and I guess selling the idea that men are weak makes people laugh. And if people laugh at an ad they‘re more likely to remember it and therefore more likely to buy the product. But on the whole, I‘d disagree. I think men are still shown driving expensive cars and working, you know, looking powerful. Then coming home to their wives who look after the children.

Speaker 5 Well I find the way men are shown in ads annoying.There‘s that one where this woman is angry with her partner for his choice of car insurance. The idea is that she‘s sma rt and he‘s dumb.

Speaker 6 I‘ve never really thought about it. I think it‘s just to make people luagh, isn‘t it? To show the guy as a bit of an

and the woman as the boss. It‘s just a joke.I don‘t really know much about much about feminism.I don‘t think so,no.

Passage 2

The differences between men and women interest everyone. What are these differences exactly? How great are they? To what extent are they due to biology and how much the result of upbringing? A lot of research has been done on the subject. Tests show,

for example, that men tend to be more logical and analytical than women. Their spatial skills are better and they‘re better at problem-solving and mathematics. Girls, on the other hand, learn to speak earlier than boys and in general women have better verbal skills than men .They are more nurturing ,have more empathy and have better social skills. Research suggests that at least some of these differences are a result of our biochemistry and brain function. Brain scans show that men have bigger brains than women. Before men get too excited about this we should point out that both sexes do equally well in intelligence tests. So the fact that men have bigger brains does not mean they‘re more intelligent. But there are other important brain differe nces. Men have more grey matter in their brains and women have more white matter. Because of the different ways in which white matter and grey matter function, this could explain why men are better at spatial tasks and mathematics, and women are better at language skills.

Now let‘s take a look at the effect of hormones on the brain. Testosterone is the hormone that makes the body masculine .It‘s present in both men and women but obviously there‘s a lot more of it in men .It seems that testosterone has the effect of making men more interested in systems and less interested in people .This would explain why women have better social skills than men.

All this is not to say that it‘s biological differences alone that make men and women different. Upbringing is very important too and parents treat boys and girls quite differently. For example, up to the age of two , mothers make more eye contact with daughters and talk to them more. Men are a lot more physical with their sons and play rougher and noisier games with them. Both men and women speak more loudly to boys than to girls and girls are stroked more than boys. We will probably never be able to decide exactly how important upbringing and biology are in creating male and female differences. But the journey of discovery is fascinating.

Unit 6 All in the past

Outside view

In England no town is more than 170 kilometers from the sea .so it's no surprise that Brita in has a very important history of ships and the sea .the British navy was the biggest nav y in the world at one time.Now it's smaller,but many other ships are still used for importin g and exporting goods and for taking people on business or holiday in Liverpool there is a great museum of maritime history. it's got several ships in the docks outside.inside it sho ws what it was like to be on some of the ships. ships like this one the cutty sark at green wich in London brought tea from India to Britain.It was a very profitable trade and made many people very rich.the ships used ONLY sail and achieved very high speeds.Young men had to climb the ringging to put up the sails. it was very dangerous.between1830 an d 1930,more than nine million people from all over Europe left from the Port of Liverpool t o Start a new life in America or Australia.in the early 20th century,thete were large numbe rs of very elegant passenger ship.they crossed the Atlantic from Liverpool or southampto n to newyork in five or six days.the most famous ship was probably the Titanic.IT sank in

1912 and over 1500 people drowned.IT was the worst disaster in maritime history.you pr obably konw about it from one of the most expensive films ever made Titanic!one of the most famous shipping companies is cunard. it's got the worlds biggest cruise ship,the Qu een Mary 2,which crosses the Atlantic from southampton to newyork.it still takes five or si x days but some people prefer that to five or six hours in an aeroplane. the majority of pe ople do travel around the world by plane but ships are still very important for moving goo ds.these metal boxes,or containers,are packed with clothes,television sets,computers,fur niture and toys.here at the southampton container terminal,they unload more than one an d a half million containers each years.so the sea still plays a very important part inlife Brit ain.

Listening in

Passage1

Just as Chinese children learn about the emperors of China,English children learn about Englands history through its kings and queens.there have been many more kings than qu eens but one of the greatest and most loved rulers of England was a woman,Queen Eliza beth I.during her reign in the second half of the 16th century

Elizabeth made England rich from international trade and also defeated one of the most f rightening invasions England ever faved.

Elizabeth Father,King henry VIII,had six wives he divorced two of them and execute two. Elizabeths mother ,Queen Anne boleyn ,was henrys second wife and one of those whom he execute,when Elizabeth was three years old.

Elizabeth,who was born in 1533,was very intelligent talented,and, education.however,for much of her early life she was afraid that she would be execute like her mother.but after t he death of her halfbrother and half sister,she become Queen in 1588 at the age of 25.all the rulers of Europe wanted to marry her and Elizabeths advisors also wanted her to mar ry and have a son.but Elizabeth never did ,because she was afraid a husband would try t o control her.

one of Elizabeths greatest problem Was her Cousin,Mary,Queen of Scots.Mary believed she should have been ruler of England. believing that her Cousin was a danger to her as long as she remained alive,Elizabeth imprisoned Mary in 1568 and finally execute her in 1587.

TheKing of Spain,Philip II had once wanted to marry Elizabeth but the two countries then became enemies .Mary,Queen of scots shared the same religion as Philip,and her death gave the King an excuse to go to War with England,At the.same time Spain was the most powerful country in Europe and in 1558 Philip assembled a huge.navy called the Spanis h armada.it sailed for England with the intention of invading it.Queen Elizabeth made a fa mous speech to her soldiers,in which she said. i konw i have the body of a weak and fee ble woman,but i have the heart and stomach of a King ,and of a King of England too .the Spanish armada was defeated.

by the time she died in 1603,Elizabeth was ruler of one of the most powerful and richest c ountries in the world.

Passage2

Presenter Nature disaster happen everywhere in the world and more of the most famous. Natural disasters is the volcanic that destroyed ompeii,a town in thesouth of Italy,almost 2,000years ago.I'm with me is Rebecca Young,a guid to the town.She's going to tell more about what happened on that terrible day So,what did happen,Rebecca?

Rebecca Well -turn around -what do you see?

Presenter A mountain,a smoking mountain ,it must be the volcano, Vesuvius.So is it still active?

Rebecca Y es,it could erupt again. And almost 2.000 years ago on August 24th,in

AD79,that volcano suddenly erupted. People weren't expecting it, they were just doing what they normally do, walking through he streets, buying food at the market. And suddenly, there was this terrible noise and huge rocks and hot ash started raining down on the town. Lava was pouring down the mountain and - people died where they stood. Look over there. What do you see?

Presenter A man and woman, lying with their arms around each other, And what's this man doing with his hands? Is he praying or something?

Rebecca Y es, he was praying?

Presenter They look so real! How long did the eruption last?

Rebecca Two days. And by the time it had finished, the city had completely disappeared, buried by ten meters of ash.And everyone forgot about it.

Presenter So when was it discovered again?

Rebecca Not until 1748.People started excavating and they found Pompeii again.The ash had preserved it and everything exactly as it was on that day in AD 79.There was a forum,four public baths,26public fountains…

Presenter Twenty-six public fountains?

Rebecca Yes! Two theaters,a hotel……

Presenter A hotel?

Rebecca Y es.Let's go into this house here.This is the entrance courtyard.

Presenter What kind of person owned it?

Rebecca There two owners - they had a small business. Look at the floor.Can you see some kind of writing?

Presenter Y es. So what does it say?

Rebecca It says,"Welcome, money."On Latin,of course.

Presenter"Welcome,money.'that's wonderful?

Rebecca I'm going to take you to another hose, belonging to a wealthy man this time. Presenter All these beautiful paintings on the walls!

Rebecca Yes,they covered their walls with these frescoes, which is wonderful for archaeologists. Look at this woman. Isn't she beautiful?

Presenter Y es! What's she holding?

Rebecca We think it was a mirror although we haven't had…

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Unite test DBACA BCDAD BDBC 第二单元 Outside view 1. 3 4 6 1.It's best suited to the download generation. Although the interview says "No one in the industry is suggesting the conventional bookshop is dead", the figures discussed indicate that the conventional bookshop will lose out to digital publishing. Downloadable books sell more than hardbacks and paperbacks. The e-book is delivered in a very convenient way. 2.undergoing a fundamental change600consuming content get it editedclick of a few buttons earning money for an author never really catch on Talk 1.B D A D 2.C B A

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Correct answers Happi ness Correct answers

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