2008高考英语复习系列知识
2008高考英语复习系列知识
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握本站将推出高考语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对
喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very
happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now
D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold
B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold
D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets
B. sweetly
C. nicely
D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
C. latest
D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead
B. died
C. dyed
D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us
B. Us, we
C. We, our
D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd
B. crowding
C. crowded
D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its
B. it
C. that
D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks
B. is looked
C. is being looked
D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that
B. when
C. in which
D. where
前三题做不做都可以第四题答案: 1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB
大家重点做一下第四题,有些题目比较难(当然是相对于我们刚复习的语法而言,比如第一题是定语从句,这个我们还没有复习到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完题之后,回过头来再看一下一句话语法是不是很有用.
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句
二、简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
特点: 用句号结束一个句子
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
疑问句就是问句
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
祈使句: 表示命令或者请求. 和有没有主语没有关系
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
还有一个结构是用what. how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：
e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不要和自己较劲
（四）高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，
时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.
三、选择填空：重点做
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and
B. or
C. if
D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he
B. isn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan’t we
B. shall we
C. won’t we
D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. is he
D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you
B. had you
C. shall you
D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then
B. but
C. and
D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too
B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has
D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,
____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or
B. for
C. while
D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home? ---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which
B. How
C. How hot
D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he? ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t
B. No, he isn’t
C. No, he is
D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she
B. What, is she
C. How, she is
D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or
B. so
C. for
D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making
B. makes
C. is making
D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me
B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me
D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he
B. but he
C. and
D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since
B. but
C. because
D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turned
D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and
B. and, but
C. or, and
D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was
talking about my daughter.
A. whom
B. where
C. which
D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind
B. Glance at
C. Stare at
D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?
（完成反意疑问）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑问）
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.
（对画线部分提问）
一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；
8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句
二、
I hope you are very well（复合句）. I'm fine, but tired（简单句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（简单句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（简单句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句）. These parties often make us very happy（简单句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句）. It's great（简单句）!
Americans eat a lot of meat —too much in my opinion（简单句）. Some of my friends drink beer （简单句）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句）. There are five different time areas in the States（简单句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）.
三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD
四、1. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here? 3. won’t there 4. Be careful with your pronunciation. 5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is! 7. How often does this magazine come out? 8. could they 9. How brightly the moon is shining! 10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?
高考语法复习二、主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由连接词and或both …and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动
词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些学科名词是以–ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either …or, neither …nor, whether …or …, not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
语法复习二、主谓一致
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
key: A who指的是I; I am 所以who am
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are
B.is
C.has
D.have
key: A the+adj 指一类人,当然用复数了; be happy,所以不用have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are
B.am
C.is
D.was
key: A 就近原则;主语是Jack and I
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying
B. have studied
C. studies
D. study
key: C 句子主语Mary; as well as her sisters不是主语
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
key: A 就近原则
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us
____ good painters.,
A.are;are
B.am;am
C.am;are
D.is;is
key: C 第一空就近原则
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish
B.wishes
C.is like
D.like
key: B
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was
B.is
C. would be
D.are
key: D population这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
key: A
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been
B.is to be
C.are to be
D. has been
key: D means不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished
B. punished
C. were punished
D. being punished
key: A
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the meeting
this afternoon.
A.is
B.was
C.are
D.is being
key: C the League secretary和the monitor 两个人;比较: the doctor and writer is coming...
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man
B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man
D. were two Chinese
key: A
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are
B.is
C.has
D.have
key: B 就近原则
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are
B. was
C. is
D. be
key: A a large number of... 很多,相当于many的用法;比较: the number of...指的是数字,所以谓语动词用单数的形式
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people
leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change
B.don't change
C.change
D.changed
key: A
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
key: A the Arabian Nights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been
B.have been
C.was
D.is
key: B works 著作,作品毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being
B.have been
C. were to
D.has been
key: D works 工厂
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four
B.are;four
C.is;five
D.are;five
key: B
21 .The United States of America ____one of the most developed
countries in the world.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
key: A 主语是一个国家
22.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected.
A. are
B.have
C.has
D.is
key: D 比较: He is one of the students who are elected.
23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have
B.has
C. have been
D.has been
key: C
24.Many a man ____ come to help us.
A.have
B.has
C.is
D.are
key: B 这个把它背下来
25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.
A.is;is
B.are;are
C.are;is
D.is;are
key: A 第一个all 指所有人;第二个all是情况
26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for
B. were searching for
C. are searching for
D. were searching
key: B 是警方的人,不是一个单位;search 为搜(身);search for=look for
27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.
A.is;il
B.are;it
C.are;them
D.is;them
key: C 有人戏说裤子两条腿,所以是复数.有道理
28.This pair of trousers ____ too long for him.
A.is
B.be
C.are
D.were
key: A 注意主语不是裤子,是pair, this pair
29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
key: A a +名词+and a half , one and a half + 名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two bananas have been left on the table.
30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.
A.is
B.are
C.get
D.equal
key: A
高考语法复习二
主谓一致这个语法,规则记住就可以.如果觉得规则太多,很难一时记住,可以配合练习题解析来记
语法复习二、主谓一致
31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A.seems
B.seem
C.seemed
D.seemes
key: A 把ten minutes看成一个整体.
32.____of the money____ nm out.
A. Three-fifth; has
B. Three-fifth; has been
C. Three-fifths; has
D. Three-fifths; have
key: C 第一空分数表达法,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数;主语
是money,不可数.
33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to
B. is listening to
C.are listening
D. is listening
key: A the whole class 指全体学生
34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
key: A the rest 后面用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的事物.如果指代不可数名词,当然用当数;如果指代可数名词,要看它所指代的是几个,如果是一个也要用单数.
35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.
A.stand
B.stands
C. standing
D.are
key: B 注意这是倒装句,主语是the teaching building
36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.
A. is needed
B. has -needed
C. are needed
D. need
key: A 主语是A large quantities of 用法相当于much;比较: several bottles of water are needed. 这时句子的主语就是bottle,所以谓语动词用复数
37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.
A. is
B.was
C.are
D.all
key: A 主语从句.相当于It is now clear to us all that they were wrong in these matters.
38.What we need____ good textbooks.
A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has
key: B 我们需要的东西是好的教科书,也就是说what we need 所指是教科书们
39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.
A.have something to at
B. has something to do with
C.had something to do with
D.has been something to do with
key: B
40. More than one member ____ against the plan.
A. is
B.are
C.has
D.have
41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. has not decided
B. is not decided
C. are not decided
D. have not decided
key: B When and where to build the new factory讲的是一个事情
42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. are
B. has
C. is
D. have
key: C
43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have
B. Had
C. Has
D. Is
key: C
44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
key: C Mathematics 数学
45. My family ____ small.
A. is
B. were
C. are
D. makes
key: A 所指不是家里的人,而是把家作为一个单位来说.
46. The following ____ some other examples.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
key: A the following指代的是一些其它的例子们
47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.
A. is
B. will be
C. was
D. are
key: D
48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. has
key: B
49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
key: B
50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
key: C
比较一下48-50三个题
51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
key: B 就近原则
52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
key: A 同51
53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. will
key: C An iron and steel works 钢铁厂,不是钢厂和铁厂;
54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.
A. are
B. were
C. will
D. is
55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.
A. is, are
B. are, is
C. is, is
D. are, are
key: A
56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
key: B 强调句式,原句: I am going to attend the meeting tomorrow.对主语进行强调.注意强调句式只是用it is/was....that/who(指人时可以使用who,当然也可以使用that)...这个结构改变词序,其它的什么也不能动.
57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.
A. is
B. are
C. is from
D. are from
key: D
58. Many a man ____ the novel.
A. has read
B. have read
C. is read
D. are read
key: A
59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
key: A
60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
key: B
高考语法复习三
很多同学看了很多语法书, 可是觉得自己做题的时候, 自己对语法掌握得还不是很好. 当然原因很多. 其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情), 比如哪些词可以做主语, 背得很熟, 可是做题时却用不上. 其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握本站推出语法复习专题, 从高考的角度来讲语法希望对有需要的同学有帮助.
本专题使用的材料来源于网络,作者不祥. 本编写组在原来的基础上进一步做了解析。
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习三：名词性从句
在前面我们已经知道了什么是句子.我们可以这样解释什么叫从句:在一个句子的前面加上一个连接词,这个句子就变成了从句.如果这个从句做了主语,它就是主语从句.其它的以此类推. 注: 1.特殊疑问句本身可以做从句,它不需要加连接词.
2.所有的从句要使用陈述语序. 陈述语序: 句子第一个词永远是主语;第二个词可能是情态动词\助动词等加上动词,或者是动词本身.
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
名词性从句,顾名思义,它具有名词性.所以可以作主语,宾语等等.回忆一下句子成分那一章（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, that
（二）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
实用例句:
Is it true that he will be punished seriously by the headmaster?
Does it make any difference who bought these gifts?
How strange it is that these children are so quiet!
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（三）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
The question was who could go there.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
注意: 表示是否,只能使用whether.
（四）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。
I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
if和whether区别
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，
容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I d on’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
The y don’t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time. 状语从句
实用例句: 使用it作形式宾语
I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
注意: 形式主语和形式宾语只有一个替代词: it
（五）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody
高考语法复习三
语法复习三：名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
参考答案: 1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation
in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting
surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the pla n or not.
参考答案: 1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether
三、选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean?
A. that
B./
C. how
D. what
key: D 宾语从句that引导宾语从句无词义,也不作成分.mean是及物动词,必须有宾语.所以不选A; how是副词,也不能作mean的宾语.what I mean, what I did, what I said,等是一个非常重要的名词结构.
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. why
key: B what is on your mind 是what名词结构．句意：告诉我你的心事．
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what
B. that
C. /
D. how
key: A
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio
B. whether I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio
D. whether can I repair the radio
key: B 从句使用陈述语序注意选项C可以看成是省略了that的宾语从句,在语法上来讲它是正确的,但语义不通.
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said
B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say
D. what the teacher said
key: D what名词结构作keep宾语.
6. Could you advise me _____?
A. which book should I read first
B. what book should I read first
C. that book I should read first
D. which book I should read first
key: D
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it
B. what he had done
C. what had he done
D. that he had done it
key: B
8. Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
key: B
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China
B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China
D. which had she seen in China
key: C
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming
B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not
D. were they not coining
key: A
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next
B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next
D. how I should do next
key: C
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
key: A
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand
B. where I stood
C. I stood there
D. where I stood there
key: B where I stood 我站的地方
14. Can you tell me _____?
A. who is that gentleman
B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is
D. whom .is that gentleman
key: C 陈述语序
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need
B. what do you need
C. whatever you need
D. whether do you need
key: C whatever: 1. no matter what 表示让步,副词性2. anything that ,名词性
如果一个副词性的疑问词加上ever后缀,它只具有副词性.如whenever=no matter when; however 它是一个很特殊的词: 1.表示转折关系,副词,词义:然而2.no matter how 无论怎么
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they
B. what they can
C. how they can
D. how can they
key: B what they can (do), what作do的宾语.
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned
B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned
D. what have we learned
key: A
18. Did she say anything about _____?
A. that the work was to be done
B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done
D. how the work was to be done
key: D
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved
B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved
D. that she achieved
key: A
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
key: B
高考语法复习三
特色: 推出一句话语法.一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.
高考英语资料库编写组
语法复习三：名词性从句
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that
B. what
C. that
D. on which
key: C insist 后面加that从句要用虚拟的形式: should+v, should可省略
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when
B. where
C. why
D. that
key: D 同上
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did
B. that you had done
C. that what you did
D. what did you do
key: A
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D./
key: A
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him
B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him
D. that do I know of him
key: A
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever
B. anyone
C. whoever
D. someone
key: C any one who wants to have it
27._____ they will come here hasn't been decided yet.
A. What
B. That C . When D. Where
key: C
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who
B. The thing
C. Whatever
D. Where
key: C
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if
B. that
C. what
D. when
key: D
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not
B. Whether or not
C. If
D. That
key: B
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. how
key: A
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. where
key: B
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That
B. When
C. What
D. Whether
key: C
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if
B. whether
C. why
D. that
key: D
比较: It hasn't been decided whether he will be sent there.
35. It doesn't matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. when
key: B
36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when
B. that
C. why
D. where
key: B
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when
B. why
C. where
D. that
2020年高考：英语知识点高频必考归纳
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高考英语新名词知识点知识点复习(3)
高考英语新名词知识点知识点复习(3) 一、选择题 1．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．Determination is the most important of all the ____________ because without determination, you will end up doing nothing. A．tactics B．virtues C．emotions 4．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake. A．edge B．course C．exit 5．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 6．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 7．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill. A．sight B．scene C．look D．view 8．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 9．Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A．instructions B．solution C．descriptions D．message 10．No ______ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem. A．doubt B．wonder C．evidence D．belief 11．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother. —Me too, and there is no obvious________between them. A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression 12．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be. A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression 13．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________. A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．To everyone's surprise, the three-year-old boy recited Three-Character Canon without making a single . A．slide B．slip C．sneeze D．squeeze 16．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach
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