2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题及答案

2015职称英语综合类B真题及答案(完整版)

第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The organization was bold enough to face the press.

A. pleased

B. powerful

C. brave D .sensible

2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

A. accept

B. control

C. observe

D. regulate

3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.

A limit B. fear C. power D. fool

4. Most people find rejection hard to accept.

A. excuse

B. client

C. destiny

D. refusal

5. She's extremely competent and industrious.

A. hardworking

B. honest

C. objective

D. independent

6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.

A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish

7. He tried to assemble his thoughts.

A. clear

B. share

C. gather

D. spare

8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.

A. message

B. punishment

C. guilt

D. obligation

9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.

A. flexible

B. terrible

C. reasonable

D. serious

10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year.

A. poorer than

B. narrower than

C. larger than

D. richer than

11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.

A. improved

B. changed

C. worsened

D. developed

12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.

A. coexisting

B. fair

C. full D .pubic

13. They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.

A. requesting B .planning C. preparing D. looking

14. He said some harsh words about his brother.

A. unkind

B. proper

C. normal

D. unclear

15. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.

A. amount

B. supply

C. sum

D. temp

第2部分: 阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A: 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息问中没有提及，请选择C。

Living History at Jamestown Settlement

A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的) cameras. This is Jamestown Settlement today.

Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first places in the world where people from Europe, America, and Africa came together in 1608. Today, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history. In a living history museum, actors wear clothes from the past and demonstrate many of the activities of daily life back then. The actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do.

At aLiving History museum, there are always many things to touch, hear ,and smell Visitors at Jamestown Settlement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonists to Virginia and even lie down in a colonist’s bed. The colonists stayed on the crowed, dangerous ships for more than four months. When they got to Virginia they built an area of houses with a high wall around it in today’s fort(堡垒)，you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate. Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can help them with their sewing and cooking.

There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown Settlement, and it looks very different from the fort. It shows how the Indians lived in long houses and grew corn and other crops in large fields. Actors there make

pottery(陶器) and teach visitors how to play Indian games. You can even help them make an Indian boat from a tree.

Today the living history museum of Jamestown is very popular, especially with children and families. People come here to have fun, but also to learn. Many school classes visit to experience old ways of getting things done. A living history museum is the best way to understand how people lived in the past.

16.Tourists like to take pictures in Jamestown Settlement today.

A Right

B wrong

C Not mentioned

17, in Jamestown Settlement, people from three different cultures came together in 1608.

A Right

B wrong

C Not mentioned

18. At a living history museum, visitors cannot touch any of the things on display.

A Right

B wrong

C Not mentioned

19. The first colonists to Jamestown Settlement were from England.

A Right

B wrong

C Not mentioned

20. The actors working at the museum explain what they to do the visitors.

A Right

B wrong

C Not mentioned

21. in Jamestown, visitors can walk through the real ships the colonists used.

A Right

B wrong

C Not mentioned

22. Children and families enjoy playing Indian games.

A Right

B wrong

C Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中未第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”

1) The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11~16), and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.

2) The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people

decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners, 24 is a good example. “ I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacher—but when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isn’t a very lucrative(赚钱的)job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher.”

3) It’s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London:” I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more resp ect for teachers.”

4) “ It makes me feel so proud.” Says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers?” “My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.”

5) The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a

very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also

suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. “Hopefully,” the report concludes, “these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future.

【题干】

23. Paragraph 1__________

24. Paragraph 2__________

25. Paragraph 3__________

26. Paragraph 4__________

【选项】

A. Students’ bad behavior and lack of discipline

B. Improvement of children behavior

C. Heavy workload on teachers

D. The problem of low salary

E. A report on teacher shortage

F. A nationwide publicity campaign

【题干】

27. More and more young people are held back from

teaching____________.

28. Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are_________

29. The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease_________.

30. The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising_________.

【选项】

A. Its benefits

B. Their childhood memories

C. their stress

D. more training

E. discipline problems

F. because of its low pay

第4部分阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?

When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.

Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.

Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by

buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.

31.What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.

B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.

C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.

D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.

32.The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.

A. the positive effects of coffee.

B. a change of coffee growth.

C. something that is the most important.

D. how coffee production used to be.

33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?

A. More insects.

B. Better quality coffee.

C. Larger farms.

D. Higher profits.

34.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?

A. They buy more land from other farmers.

B. They cut down trees.

C. They move to another country.

D. They turn grassland into farmland.

35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun

A. insects.

B. air.

C. birds

D. humans

第二篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.

Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,

Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like," Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardeners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence

36. The Gardeners’ experiment with Washoe_____.

A. began in 1969

B. won a big prize

C. lasted three years

D. influenced primate research

37. The second paragraph mainly discusses_____.

A. a report about Washoe’s progress in learning sign language

B. the whole direction of primate research

C. new primate researches conducted by many language scientific

D. an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.

38. The Gardener s’ experiment with Washoe was criticized because______.

A. just ask some simple question

B. only copy teachers’ sign language

C. only memorize about 250words

D. just repeat short sentences.

39. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. Roger Fouts taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees.

B. Washoe was the first chimp to use American Sign Language

C. A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center

D. Nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees

40. We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that_____.

A. Whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswered

B. primate have the ability to speak a language

C. animals cannot learn a human sign

D. Washoe is as intelligent as humans

第三篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England

A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007,toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.

"It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride," said the woman.

The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.

Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.

"I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me." said Hendrick van Eck,27,of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London."I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."

There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.

The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931,measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.

41. The biggest earthquake took place in Britain_____.

A in 1931

B in 1580

C in 2002

D in 2007

42. The word “collapsed” in paragraph 4 most probably means_____.

A. Fell apart

B. Flew off

C. Shook up

D. Blew out

43. The phrase “this scale” in paragraph 6 refers to_____.

A. 4.8-magnitude quake

B. 4.3-magnitude quake

C. 5.8on the Richer scale

D 6.1on the Richer scale

44. The following statements are true Except____.

A. the quake caused a power failure in Kent Country

B. the tremor lasted for 10-15 seconds.

C. people in Canterbury felt strong quake

D. the quake was centered under the Channel Tunnel.

45. It can be learned from the last paragraph that____.

A. moderate earthquakes often strike London in the history

B. earthquake warming system of Britain can predict the forthcoming quake

C. another earthquake is predicted to occur in England

D. the French also felt the earthquake taking place on 28,April

第5部分补全短文(第46-50题，每题1分，共5分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复原貌。

Saving a City's Public Art

Avoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may be impossible, but the city's colorful freeway murals(壁画)can brighten even the worst commute. Paintings that depict(描述)famous people and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls all access the city. With a collection of more than 2,000 murals, Los Angeles is the unofficial mural capital of the world.

But the combination of graffiti(涂鸦), pollution, and hot sun has left many L.A. murals in terrible condition. _____(46)in the past, experts say, little attention was given to caring for public art. Artists were even expected to maintain their own works, not an easy task with cars racing

by along the freeway. _____(47)The work started in 2003. So far, 16 walls have been selected and more may be added later.

Until about 1960, public murals in Los Angeles were rare. But in the 1960s and 1970s, young L.A. artists began to study early 20th-century Mexican mural painting_____(48)

The most famous mural in the city is Judith Baca's "The Great Wall," a 13-foot-high(4-meter-high)painting that runs for half a mile (0.8 kilometer) in North Hollywood, _____(49)it took eight years to complete—400 underprivileged teenagers painted the designs—and is probably the longest mural in the world.

One of the murals that will be restored now is Kent Twitchell's "Seventh Street Altarpiece." which he painted for the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984. _____ (50) Twitchell said, "it was meant as a kind of gateway through which the traveler to L.A. must drive. The open hands represent peace."

Artists often call murals the people's art. Along a busy freeway or hidden in a quiet neighborhood, murals can teach people who would never pay money to see fine art in a museum, "Murals give a voice to the silent majority," said one artist.

A. The city trying to stop the spread of graffiti, has painted over some of the murals complete.

B. This striking work depicts two people facing each other on opposite sides of the freeway near downtown Los Angeles.

C. Artists like murals because they like the work of Mexican artists.

D. Now the city is beginning a huge project to restore the city's murals.

E. The mural represents the history of ethnic groups in California.

F. Soon, their murals became a symbol of the city's cultural expressions and a showcase for L.A.'s cultural diversity.

第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Internet House

A leading British building and design company has just announced their plans for the home of the future. The new design,_____(51)as the “Internet House, has five bedrooms, plenty of bathrooms and a double garage. But these are not the main selling _____(52),for it is the ￡25000_____(53)of automation that makes this house really different.

It will be _____(54),for people who have plenty of money, but not a great _____(55)of time; young professionals in other words. They are likely to be _____(56)to the idea of a microwave that provides

easy-to-cook _____(57)via the Internet and cooker that switches itself on or off at a command received via e-mail.

All the appliances in the house,_____(58)the heating and lighting controls, are linked together _____(59)means of a gadget(小装置)called a “router ”。Using what's called a “Webpad”, a kind of portable lap-top computer, the owners of the house tap in commands from _____(60)they may be. The Webpad _____(61)a signal to the router, which _____(62)the message and then activates the necessary controls. On the home at night, for example, the owners can switch on the lights or _____(63)the central heating working, and so_____(64)sure that they have a nice warm welcome when they _____(65)into their home.

( ) 51. A. entitled B. known C. referred D. named

( ) 52. A. plots B. plans C. points D. paths

( ) 53. A. value B. price C. worth D. cost

( ) 54. A. accurate B. model C. precise D. ideal

( ) 55. A. length B. deal C. lot D. extent

( ) 56. A. excited B. intended C. interested D. attracted

( ) 57. A. recipes B. projects C. receipts D. invitations

( ) 58. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as well as D. as far as

( ) 59. A. for B. in C. with D. by

( ) 60. A. whatever B. however C. whichever D. wherever

( ) 61. A. draws B. speaks C. sends D. hearsay

( ) 62. A. decodes B. discounts C. decides D. deserves

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