欧亨利短篇小说鉴赏 英语文学赏析论文

摘要: 作为世界三大小说家之一，欧亨利与契诃夫和莫泊桑齐名。他的作品因奇巧的艺术构思，出其不意的结尾而著称。本文以欧亨利的三篇著名短篇小说为例，主要分析了“意料之外情理之内”的“欧亨利式结尾”的处理方法，包括营造出人意料但又符合情理的结尾效果的不同方法，以及这样的结尾方式如何能更深刻的表达人物的情感与小说的主旨。

关键词：艺术手法，人性，社会现实，欧亨利式结尾

Unexpected and reasonale ending

——A Brief Comment on O’ Henry’s Short Stories Abstract: O. Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. Exquisite plot, wry humor and twist ending dominate his works. Those surprising but logical endings are the most brilliant in all of the highlights. This thesis mainly analyses O. Henry’s surprising but logical endings of his famous works such as The Gift of the Magi , The Last Leaf an and The Cop and the Anthem.These O. Henry-style endings impress readers ,and at the same time ,help him express his ideas completely and vividly.So this thesis mainly analyses how O’ Henry set the plot to achieve the desired ending effect,and how the twist ending help idea-expression.

Key Words:artistic styles; humanity; social reality; O. Henry-style ending

Contents

1. Introduction (1)

2. Unique O-style ending

method (2)

2.1 Improbable coincidence (3)

2.2 Sharp contrast………………………………………………………………………

4

2.3 Repetition and change (6)

3. Conclusion (8)

Bibliography (9)

1. Introduction

O. Henry, originally named William Sydney Porter, is a distinguished American storywriter. He wrote more than 300 short stories in his life. His stories are full of colorful characters. He creates an original, typically American democratic form of short stories with, at its best, a valuable critical awareness of life and society tellingly expressed through humor. Therefore, some critics call him “the founder of American stories”. Being gifted with humor and a keen awareness of details, he objectively shows us what America looks like. All his stories putting together constitute a true panorama of American life.

This thesis mainly emphasizes O. Henry’s unique twist ending.The ending of an article has long been considered as a conclusion or just a summary of the whole passage. However, O. Henry illustrates a new way, the so-called twist ending or sometimes the O. Henry’s ending. It means that at the end of an article the mental status or the fate of the character has changed greatly. But the whole passage is suddenly endowed with a great charm because of the ending. The author has your nerves all a quiver until the last

sentence. The surprise comes quickly and the story is finished. O. Henry is such a master of the unexpected ending that one must admire his skills. 2. Unique O-style ending method

O. Henry's trademark is the surprising ending that each of his stories contains. He sets a story moving in one direction, and just when the reader is convinced of the general direction of the narrative, the story will be completely reversed.This kind of ynexpected but reasonable ending which called O.Hernry’s ending may be a little sorrowful but it still gives the readers some hope,which is so-called “O.Henry’s humor(smile with tears)”. And if we look back to the total story, the ending seems logical and plausible. As a “plot-maker”, and designer of incident, he is an amazing genius. No one can do better than him to holds the reader in “suspense”. More than that, the reader scarcely knows that he is suspended until the very close of the story. Just as turns on the lights and the whole tale is revealed in its entirety. He uses this device of dramatic and humorous effect in the short story collection The Four Million which including “The Gift of the Magi ”, and “The Cop and the Anthem”, “the Service of Love”, “The last Leaf.”

He often stresses on something important but not the most important in his works.The most important part always seems to write incidentally,which eben the most circunspective reader may ifnore it.When the stories end in a totally unexpected but reasonable way ,we can do nothing but cheer for O.Henry’s literary talent.

2.1 Improbable coincidence (The Gift of the Magi)

The novel “The Gift of the Magi” is about a young couple that is short of money but desperately wants to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unknown to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy platinum as the chain for Jim's watch; unknown to Della, Jim sells his most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair.

In the end ,both gifts became useless——short-haired Della got a comb and Jim got a chain for an already-sold watch.

What a surprising coincidence! However, when we look back, we can find that O.Henry had already given us some suggestions.”Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim’s gold watch that had been his father’s and his

grandfather’s. The other was Della’s hair.” This description is related to how they got the money for gifts and what they bought for each other. The auther used a casual and vague tone deliberately so that few people would think over its meaning before seeing the ending. So the ending turns out to be unexpected but reasonable.

This coincidence is filled with complex emotions. People feel touched by the longlasting true love between the young couple and at the same

time ,pity for them for their “unwise” gifts and their cruel bitter life.Though confronted with cruel reality and dull daily routine, Della and Jim can never change their eagerness toward love. To them the most valuable material possession is so slight and insignificant ,when compared with the spiritual possession of love romance.Perhaps the gifts were "unwise" as the author says, but, as he further writes, "let it be said that of all who give gifts, these two were the wisest.”

In The Gift of the Magi , we feel so pity that Della has her precious long hair cut. But to our surprise ,Jim has sold the watch to buy the jeweled tortoise-shell combs for her wife’s hair. O.Henry does not end on the note of irony and surprise but gives to what he calls his uneventful coincidence

of two foolish children the appearance of a little parable with a significant meaning. The magi , he reminds the reader ,were wise men who brought gifts to the Christ child. As for Jim and Della, the are the magi. This is the ending of the story with O.Henry’s own style.

2. 2 Sharp contrast (The last leaf)

In this story, Johnsy and Sue are artists who move into Greenwich Village in New York City. As Winter approaches and the weather gets colder, Johnsy becomes ill with pneumonia. She gets so sick that she believes that when the last leaf falls from the vine outside her window, she will die. An old artist, named Behrman, who lives in the same building as the girls, braves a storm one night to paint a leaf on the wall — a leaf that will never fall. Cold and wet from painting in the icy rain, he catches pneumonia and dies. This gives Sue the hope to survive her illness, and it also creates the masterpiece Behrman had always dreamed of painting.

After reading the novel,we can find that Behrman rarely appears and O.Henry spent few words on him .We only know that he is a bad-tempered old painter. “He was past sixty and had a Michael Angelo's Moses beard curling down from the head of a satyr along with the body of an imp.”

“Behrman was a failure in art”. Behrman earned little money by serving as a non-professional model and was a terrible alcoholic who sometimes “talked of his coming masterpiece”. He was “a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one”.

To be honest, Behrman was not a traditonal pleasing hero at all. He was fierce in personality , poor in money and untalented in painting.However, it is exactly him who saved Johnsy in a silent and artistic way——painting a leaf on a wall. This leaf gives Sue the hope of living, making her realize that: “It is a sin to want to die”.

O.Henry did not tell how he helped Sue, how he painted his masterpiece and why he chose to do it deliberately but readers knew it from the conversation between Sue and Johnsy indirectly . Many details point to a truth that the old artist sacruificed his life to restore Sue’s will to live. All these things took place in a cold storming night and Behrman told no one about his plan. It shows that he did it not for praise, but just for saving a young girl.

Behrman, given few show-ups and descriptions by the author , was rarely concerned by readers in early plot.Many people even think he is just an unimportant supporting role.But when we see the ending and know the truth, we find we were completely wrong. Behrman was a hero and a savior who did not only save a person’s life, but successfully saved an American dream for all the people who seek freedom and peace, connecting the social reality of that time.“The last leaf” is the symbol of hope, life and faith. Behrman seemed more alive than dead.

This Sharp contrast strenthens the theme of love and sacrifice. Behrman’s behavior seemed more praiseworthy and inspiring after readers’psychological change . That’s what O.Henry wants to achieve. Though the touching ending makes us absorbed in sadness, the readers can still find gleams of hope and desire out of despair.

2.3 Repetition and change (The Cop and the Anthem)

In the story The Cop and the Anthem, Soapy, a homeless tramp, deciding to be sent to the prison on the Island which he called his winter quarter against the rigor and the hunger, attempted to practice several illegal activities for the purpose of “wooing capture”; but the cop, who stood nearby when Soapy was trying to attract his attention by his anti-law behavior, paid no special attention to Soapy every time, even “seemed to

regard him as a king who could do no wrong”.

Developing up here, the story must give the reader the conclusion that Soapy had to go back disappointedly to his home—a park bench. On his way, the sweet music of anthem from the church played by the organist and the beautiful moonlight scenery “wrought a sudden and wonderful change in his soul”, he made up his mind to “pull himself out of the mire”and “make a man of himself again”.

Moving like this, the plot is not completely understandable at once. When the reader is puzzled about the use and meaning of growing plot, and just while Soapy was planning his tomorrow’s action for being “somebody in the world”, an unforeseen plot, and just while abruptly: he was arrested because a policeman thought him doubtful, and the next day he was sentence to “three months on the Island”.

The story stops here suddenly in spite of the reader’s not immediate understanding. But after a moment of consideration, the reader’s surprise turns into admiration for his astonishing contrivance of tricky ending which reveals rigorously the real facts of reversal between truth and falsehood in capitalist society which confuses right and wrong.

In this short stories, the plot develops as Soapy’s various anti-law behaviors being ignored by the cop time and time again. This kind of repetition may disappoint and bore readers in some degree.However, it’s exactly the highlights of the story. The more such repetition occurs the more confused and curious readers become. They can’t help wondering, “Why did all these happen again and again? What followed next? How will Soapy finally become?”and so on. Then there comes the change,which is also the climax——Soapy was inspired by the anthem from the church, but before he can truly make a brand new start in his life ,he got arrestted just because he looked like a criminal. With those repetitions in early times, the final ending seems so ironic and unexpected. Soapy seems more suffered being born in that rough-and-tumble age.

3. Conclusion

Totally speaking, in O. Henry’s works, the events of some short stories are arranged in the spe cific order which exceed reader’s normal expectation to the arrangement of those events in his works, make the ending unpredictable and strange. O. Henry deliberately designs the little tricks with words, for he is a master of language and not its slave.

These unexpected but reasonable endings, in many conditions ,are the most remarkable parts in the novel. They also engage something profound in the human psyche and reflect sociel reality in that age . Bibliography

[1] Medrick, Fred. An introduction to American literature[M]. Henan University Press, 1985

[2] Hudson, Long. O Henry The Man and His Work[C]. New York:Russell and Russell, 1969

[3] O, Henry, Heart of the West[M]. New York: McClure, 1907

[4] O, Henry, The Four Million[M]. New York: Dobleday, Doran and Company. 1906

[5] O, Henry, 欧亨利短篇小说

[6] 李国宁. 欧亨利式结尾的艺术魅力

[7] 赵书颖. “含泪的笑”与“含笑的泪”浅析欧?亨利的主题

[8] 赵丽，黄春妮. 欧亨利作品导读[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社2003 P3

[9] 欧亨利. 四百万[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1988

年轻人必读的29本英文短篇小说,分分钟刷新你三观

年轻人必读的29本英文短篇小说，分分钟刷新你三观 本周，著名网站Buzzfeed 罗列了一份年轻人必读的29 篇短篇小说书单，这份书单的作者覆盖了英语世界，尤其是美国文学界最富盛名的小说家。《外滩画报》精选出10 篇已经翻译成中文的小说作重点推荐。 编辑：谭浩制图：唐卓人部分图片来自Buzzfeed 2013年，瑞典学院将诺贝尔文学奖颁给了以写作短篇小说见长的加拿大作家爱丽丝·门罗，这在某种程度上褒扬了中短篇小说为世界文学做出的重要贡献。阿根廷女作家萨曼塔·施维伯林甚至说：“门罗能够得到诺贝尔文学奖，让我们这些写作短篇的都松了一口气。”虽然很多人不一定赞同顾彬关于“长篇小说已经没落”的论调，但是短篇小说作为一种更为有力凝练的文学形式，确实更加符合如今这个时代的节奏。本周，著名网站Buzzfeed 罗列了一份年轻人必读的29 篇短篇小说书单，这份书单的作者覆盖了英语世界，尤其是美国文学界最富盛名的小说家。《外滩画报》精选出10 篇已经翻译成中文的小说作重点推荐： 1. 弗兰纳里·奥康纳：《流离失所的人》 《流离失所的人》选自小说集《好人难寻》在弗兰纳里·奥康纳的小说里，尽管大部分时间故事里的人物都被堕

落、自私、愚昧、自负、欺骗或冷漠所掌控，但是，总有那么一个时刻（往往在接近小说结尾处），奥康纳会安排上帝的恩惠（或曰天惠）降临到他们身上。在这圣灵显现的一瞬间，这些人物突然受到某种精神上的启迪，进而达到某种“顿悟”，他们也许会接受这一天惠，也许会拒绝它，但不管怎样，这一灵光闪现的“天惠时刻”会使他们的内心发生改变。——比目鱼，书评人 2. 朱诺?迪亚斯：《沉溺》 选自小说集《沉溺》《沉溺》里面的九个小短篇和一个准中篇都是以朱诺?迪亚斯自己和他的家庭的真实经历为蓝本书写出来的半自传作品，它所处理的是一个移民家族心灵史上最特殊的时段：移民前在多米尼加共和国的等待期和移民初期在美国的无望岁月。朱诺?迪亚斯在写这些“少作”的时候，还没有获得他后来的作品中罗伯特?波拉尼奥式的喷薄的语言强度，但这种语流清浅、句法简朴的写法与作者的青春期原型所附体的叙述者尤尼尔非常合拍：如此“低限度”的风格，恰好能够为那些在生理、心理与地理的转换交接处所蛰伏的晦暗不明的能量提供随机释放的可能性。——胡续东，作家 3. 米兰达·裘丽：《楼梯上的男人》

《英语短篇小说选读》教学大纲

《英语短篇小说选读》教学大纲 作为一门选修课，《英语短篇小说选读》主要面向英语专业本、专科学生，同时兼顾非英语专业各科英语成绩优异并对英语文学感兴趣的学生。本课程旨在通过引导学生仔细研读英语短篇小说，欣赏其精美的语言和深邃的思想，提高学生的语言素养，帮助学生了解西方的思想与文化，培养学生阅读、欣赏英语文学作品、撰写读后感和简短评论的能力。 课时安排：每周两次，每次两小时，共授课一学期。 使用教材：姜晓梅（编著）《英语小说名篇赏析》，世界图书出版公司，1999年10月，西安具体教学内容： Chapter 1 I Want to Know Why by Sherwood Anderson Chapter 2 The Darling by Anton Chekhov Chapter 3 A Rose for Emily by William Faukner Chapter 4 The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway Chapter 5 The Cap and the Anthem by O. Henry Chapter 6 Araby by Jamse Joyce Chapter 7 The Magic Barrel by Bernard Malamud Chapter 8 Life of Ma Parker by Katherine Mansfield Chapter 9 The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant Chapter 10 The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin 参考书目： 叶华年《英语短篇小说导读—结构与理解》，华东师范大学出版社，1999 《英国短篇小说选》（上、下），上海译文出版社，1982 王佐良，刘承沛《美国短篇小说选》，商务印书馆，1984

《英美经典短篇小说赏析》课程教学大纲

《英美经典短篇小说赏析》课程教学大纲 A Guide to Classic British and American Short Stories 学分：2 总学时：32 课程性质：选修课 考核方式：考查适用专业：各类专业 一、课程性质、目的与任务 1. 课程性质：本课程是高等学校非英语专业的一门选修课，是为培养学生了解英国和美国文学短篇小说知识而设置的一门选修课程。 2. 教学目的：本课程旨在帮助学生全面了解英国和美国在不同历史时期所出现的重要作家与作品、风土人情与习俗、历史与文化等，通过经典短篇小说的分析，让学生能欣赏原作的风格、语言等，从而更好地把握英语，更全面地了解英国和美国的政治、经济与传统，扩大知识面，提高文学修养。 3. 教学任务：通过对英国文学和美国文学发展的主要阶段中的著名作家的短篇作品的分析，使学生掌握基本的短篇小说构成要素、在英美文学史上著名的短篇小说家以及分析小说的基本方法。本门课虽然是一门选修课程，但是，它对学生进一步学习和掌握英美文学有着重要的辅助作用。因此，要求学生在培养自己学习兴趣同时，增加短篇小说理论知识，更重要的是，加强学生对短篇小说理解及分析能力。 二、教学基本要求 1. 重点掌握：所选短篇小说涉及到的著名作家的写作特色，短篇小说的重要因素包括主题，内容，写作技巧，象征意义等。 2. 一般了解：作者的生平，所选短篇小说涉及的与英国和美国文化相关的背景知识。 三、课程内容与学时分配 第一讲英美短篇小说简介（4学时） 1. 重点：短篇小说的概念、短篇小说的基本要素、Rip Van Winkle和The Minister's Black Veil的基本要素及主旨内涵。 2. 难点：短篇小说的基本要素、Rip Van Winkle和The Minister's Black Veil主旨内涵。 3. 主要内容 3.1、短篇小说的概念

经典英文短篇小说 (108)

The Romance of a Busy Broker by O. Henry Pitcher, confidential clerk in the office of Harvey Maxwell, broker, allowed a look of mild interest and surprise to visit his usually expressionless countenance when his employer briskly entered at half past nine in company with his young lady stenographer. With a snappy "Good-morning, Pitcher," Maxwell dashed at his desk as though he were intending to leap over it, and then plunged into the great heap of letters and telegrams waiting there for him. The young lady had been Maxwell's stenographer for a year. She was beautiful in a way that was decidedly unstenographic. She forewent the pomp of the alluring pompadour. She wore no chains, bracelets or lockets. She had not the air of being about to accept an invitation to luncheon. Her dress was grey and plain, but it fitted her figure with fidelity and discretion. In her neat black turban hat was the gold-green wing of a macaw. On this morning she was softly and shyly radiant. Her eyes were dreamily bright, her cheeks genuine peachblow, her expression a happy one, tinged with reminiscence. Pitcher, still mildly curious, noticed a difference in her ways this morning. Instead of going straight into the adjoining room, where her desk was, she lingered, slightly irresolute, in the outer office. Once she moved over by Maxwell's desk, near enough for him to be aware of her presence. The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker, moved by buzzing wheels and uncoiling springs. "Well--what is it? Anything?" asked Maxwell sharply. His opened mail lay like a bank of stage snow on his crowded desk. His keen grey eye, impersonal and brusque, flashed upon her half impatiently. "Nothing," answered the stenographer, moving away with a little smile. "Mr. Pitcher," she said to the confidential clerk, did Mr. Maxwell say anything yesterday about engaging another stenographer?" "He did," answered Pitcher. "He told me to get another one. I notified the agency yesterday afternoon to send over a few samples this morning. It's 9.45 o'clock, and not a single picture hat or piece of pineapple chewing gum has showed up yet." "I will do the work as usual, then," said the young lady, "until some one comes to fill the place." And she went to her desk at once and hung the black turban hat with the gold-green macaw wing in its accustomed place. He who has been denied the spectacle of a busy Manhattan broker during a rush of business is handicapped for the profession of anthropology. The poet sings

欧亨利短篇小说调查研究报告

欧亨利短篇小说调查研究报告篇一：英语论文-欧亨利短篇小说中的人物形象分析 英语论文-欧亨利短篇小说中的人物形象分析 附表6： 本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告 课题名称： 欧亨利短篇小说中的人物形象分析 系别： 专业： 英语教育 指导教师： 作者姓名： 一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义 欧·亨利（o·hey,1862-1910）.美国著名短篇小说家。欧亨利善于观察生活各个方面，其故事人物一般都是他寄予同情的小市民，情节颇多偶然巧合，结局往往出人意料。国内外对欧·亨利的短篇小说的研究已经深入到了他的作品的各个方面，如欧·亨利小说的结构艺术。象他的独特的小说结尾；他的小说的写作技巧与风格，象充斥于作品的字里行间的幽默与讽刺。以及作品的主题社会意义等各个方面。评论家弗门（h·j·forman）认为亨利“具备漠泊桑的技巧，

而幽默上则远超过他。” 描写社会底层的小人物是十九世纪末和二十世纪初现实主义文学的一大特色，但从世界范围来进行衡量，象欧亨利在《四百万》中那样以明快，抒情的描写手法写出这些小人物的命运，写出他们的内心痛苦和快乐的小说实不多见。更主要的是通过一些小人物命运的描写，在戏而不谑的讽刺和怒而不哀的揭露中，显示出作者对社会的抨击。 本选题将在国内外学者研究的基础上，着重探讨作者在短篇小说中所创造的人物形象。在作者数量众多的短篇小说中，我们可以见到当时美国社会形形色色的人物：小人物、骗子、富翁等。这些形象已有不少成为世界公认的艺术典型。欧·亨利短篇小说中塑造的人物形象为人们认识十九世纪末至二十世纪初期的美国社会提供了生动而准确的形象材料。 二、研究的基本内容，拟解决的主要问题： 欧·亨利是美国文学史上优秀的短篇小说家。本课题研究的是欧·亨利短篇小说中塑造的人物形象。作者写了许多故事，围绕虚假的掩饰，无情的欺骗，伪装的高贵等主题，塑造了众多栩栩如生的人物—贫穷但快乐的小人物，善良的骗子，阴险狡诈的富翁等等。他运用写实手法，具体刻画情节，同时穿插幽默与讽刺于情节中，成功的塑造了许多典型的人物形象。作者独特的小说结构艺术，写作技巧与风格是小说人物形象塑造成功的重要因素，是值得我们模仿和借鉴

短篇小说《猎手》赏析

短篇小说《猎手》赏析 贾平凹 的短篇小说 《猎手》玄幻怪诞，神秘奇崛，寓意深刻。要如何进行赏析呢? 《猎手》 是贾平凹的短篇小说集 《太白山记》 中的一篇， 该篇小说玄幻怪诞， 神秘奇崛，寓意深刻。2012 年江苏省连云港市中考语文试题 “理解感悟 ”部分有一道以该小说为材料的阅读分析题，该试题所设计的问题精准恰 当，能够客观地考查学生的阅读能力。选用名家经典作品来设计试题，显示出了 命题者的眼光和水平， 但这道题的参考答案部分有些值得商榷的地方。 本文试着 对这篇小说进行赏析，并对其中试题的部分答案加以商榷。 小说的开头用简洁精炼、朴实严谨的语言点明了故事 发生的环境和矛盾对立的双方，为故事的发展奠定了基础。“从太白 山的北麓往上，越往上树木越密越高，上到山的中腰再往上，树木则越稀越矮， 待到大稀大矮的境界，繁衍着狼的族类，也住了一户猎狼的人家。”作者 让故事在开阔宏大的场景中展开，从山麓到山腰再往上，犹如电影 画面一般形象地展现了猎手和狼生存的环境， “ 大稀大矮的境界 ”几个字暗示出狼生存的环境随着人类生存环境的不断扩张已经变得非常 狭小、极端险恶，猎手和狼的对立已经到了十分尖锐的地步。开门见山式的开头 为全文烘托出了紧张的气氛，使整个故事充满了张力。 接下来，作者用“粗脚大手”四个字表现出了猎手身体的强壮， “熟知狼的习性”暗示他猎狼历史长、经验 丰富， 用枪射击“声响狼倒”强调猎手射杀技术的高超， 暗示出 他在争斗中处于优势地位。本来能用枪猎狼，却偏要用棍虐杀;最后把狼吊起来 在狼的吼叫声中迅速剥掉狼皮， 这表现了猎手对待狼的极端残忍以及人性的缺失。 在这种力量悬殊的较量中，狼几乎绝了踪迹。“几年里，矮林中的狼竟被 猎杀尽了”，这句话在结构上承接上文进一步表现出了猎手猎狼技术的高 超，又启示下文表现猎手杀狼数量之多及造成的结果。当猎手把狼猎杀殆尽，没 有了敌人的猎手也百无聊赖，只能以喝酒解闷，“倏忽听见一声嚎叫，鸟

英语短篇小说-菊花

The Chrysanthemum Elisa Allen, a woman approaching middle age, is at a point in her life when she has begun to realize that her energy and creative drive far exceed the opportunities for their expression. Her marriage is reasonably happy—when she notices that her husband is proud of selling thirty head of steers he has raised, she gives him the compliment he hopes for, while he, in turn, appreciates her ability to grow flowers of exceptional quality. There is an easy banter between them, and while they have settled into a fairly familiar routine, they are still responsive to each other’s moods, and eager to celebrate an achievement in each other’s company with a night on the town. On the other hand, their marriage is childless, and Elisa generally wears bland, bulging clothes that tend to de-sex her. Their house is described as “hard-swept” and “hard-polished”; it is the only outlet for her talents and it is an insufficient focus for her energy. She has begun to sense that an important part of her is lying dormant and that the future will be predictable and rather mundane.

The-Raven中英文赏析

哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在 充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。 一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论 爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。 二、意象塑造 1、人与物的塑造 《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。 诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时，悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字，乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”，但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时，当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时，以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时，乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答，也正是这个词，使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。 2、场景设置 读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷： 阴森的气氛，令人毛骨悚然的场景，神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜，除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音，周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂，屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下，而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗，突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响，但当他打开房门查看时，却不见敲门人，只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。然而，当他回到屋内，之前的敲门声却再次响起，乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间，并栖息于他房门之上。 但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间？午夜意味着恐怖与神秘，各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。这种令人发怵的氛围，为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先，狭小而封闭的空间对构

欧亨利短篇小说简评

欧亨利短篇小说述评 学生姓名: 指导教师: 摘要:作为世界三大小说家之一，欧亨利与契诃夫和莫泊桑齐名。他的作品因奇巧的艺术构思，出其不意的结尾而著称。其中歌颂人性的小说是欧亨利文学创作的主流，并且许多作品已经成为了脍炙人口的名篇佳作。同时也涌现了许多感人至深的经典人物。表现了欧亨利对人性理想的执着追求。本文主要分析了欧亨利的写作手法，包括精巧的情节设计，出人意料但符合逻辑的结局和幽默智慧的语言三方面，并在这基础上深刻探讨了欧亨利作品中表现出来的人性的善与恶。 关键词: 写作技巧；善；恶；人性

A Brief Comment on O’ Henry’s Short Stories Undergraduate: Supervisor: Abstract: O. Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. Exquisite plot, wry humor and twist ending dominate his works. The main stream of his works is eulogy of humanity and his many classical works are notable. This thesis mainly analyses O. Henry’s writing style including technique plot making, surprising but logical ending and humorous and witty tone, then deeply analyses the human virtues and defects reflected in O. Henry’s works. Key Words: artistic styles; virtues; defects; human character

英语短篇小说选读

宁波大学考核答题纸 （2014—2015学年第一学期） 课号：063W22A09 课程名称：英语短片小说选读改卷教师：阿德尔 学号：116070035 姓名：石佳得分： The Epiphany for Love Dubliners is often considered as the reflection of ethnic history in Dublin which, is stuffed by the ubiquitous “paralysis”. The corruption in social life, in politics even in people’s spirit is said to have made great impression in reader’s mind. However, with the skinny experience for no more than twenty years, I dare not conclude the thesis or the main idea of this opus in haste, while I could also not just allow myself to follow those comments and opinions made by “they”. Among the chapters I have read, Araby s eems to appeal to me most, because I have once had the same feeling of that little boy. This kind of feeling, literally, the epiphany for love, is the sweetest emotion and the most endurable torture I’ve ever experienced. There seems to be three periods of time during the process of the epiphany for love but to summarize with suitable words is undoubtedly a knotty issue. What comes first must be the admiration for the one who possesses neat skin, delicate facial features or slim figure, or even just a special nice odor. Since an occasion even you yourself cannot remember for sure, a figure has inserted into your little world and driven you to do crazy things. The shadow turned to the base to watch her; the hall witnessed numerous bumping into each other and in that corner the light from the lamp opposite the door caught the white curve of her neck, lit up her hair that rested there and, falling, lit up the hand upon the railing. What a magic feeling! But as you gradually sank in this dramatic journey, the inexplicable confusion and loneliness began to kidnap you. You found that you were not only the idle but also the weirdo nobody understands including yourself. Her name was like a summons to all your foolish body and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires. With this confused adoration, sometimes even an unnoticeable movement or sentence would annihilate the sunshine and the hesitation between “do” or “do not” always brought heavy rain. Asking help seems to be of no sense because adults were going to acting lightly even sometimes with contempt. So the only way is to lie on the floor in a dark evening murmuring her name. I believe that sex or the thoughts about sex must accompany though there is no such description between the lines. And this kind of confusion and loneliness cannot be removed until she refuses which is sure to leave the unbearable pain for you to learn from, or luckily, accepts, which means you are going to exploring the sealed world together. Then the epiphany for love seems to be accomplished. No one can bypass the enlightenment of love to achieve the epiphany. And only by experiencing the sweetest emotion and the most endurable torture at the same time can people really get to know the original taste of love.

《英美经典短篇小说赏析》课程教学大纲

《英美经典短篇小说赏析》课程教学大纲 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

《英美经典短篇小说赏析》课程教学大纲 A Guide to Classic British and American Short Stories 学分：2 总学时：32 课程性质：选修课 考核方式：考查适用专业：各类专业 一、课程性质、目的与任务 1. 课程性质：本课程是高等学校非英语专业的一门选修课，是为培养学生了解英国和美国文学短篇小说知识而设置的一门选修课程。 2. 教学目的：本课程旨在帮助学生全面了解英国和美国在不同历史时期所出现的重要作家与作品、风土人情与习俗、历史与文化等，通过经典短篇小说的分析，让学生能欣赏原作的风格、语言等，从而更好地把握英语，更全面地了解英国和美国的政治、经济与传统，扩大知识面，提高文学修养。 3. 教学任务：通过对英国文学和美国文学发展的主要阶段中的著名作家的短篇作品的分析，使学生掌握基本的短篇小说构成要素、在英美文学史上著名的短篇小说家以及分析小说的基本方法。本门课虽然是一门选修课程，但是，它对学生进一步学习和掌握英美文学有着重要的辅助作用。因此，要求学生在培养自己学习兴趣同时，增加短篇小说理论知识，更重要的是，加强学生对短篇小说理解及分析能力。 二、教学基本要求 1. 重点掌握：所选短篇小说涉及到的著名作家的写作特色，短篇小说的重要因素包括主题，内容，写作技巧，象征意义等。 2. 一般了解：作者的生平，所选短篇小说涉及的与英国和美国文化相关的背景知识。 三、课程内容与学时分配 第一讲英美短篇小说简介（4学时）

欧亨利短篇小说的艺术特色分析

欧亨利短篇小说的艺术特色分析 论文作者：佚名论文属性：essay登出时间：2009-04-03编辑：刘宝玲点击率：981 论文字数：3000论文编号：org200904031502476371语种：Chinese地区：China价格：免费论文 收藏：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/fa17753519.html,google书签雅虎搜藏百度搜藏 关键词：欧·亨利情节戏剧性意外幽默 欧亨利短篇小说的艺术特色分析摘要：美国作家欧·亨利是一位独具风格的短篇小说家，他的作品有独特的艺术技巧，不仅从普通生活中选取平凡素材，以小见大，从平常事件中开掘主题，反映出不平常的社会意义。还在于以幽默的喜剧手法表现悲剧性的内容，用作品情节的巧合增强戏剧性。更在于他独特的艺术结构、“欧·亨利式的结尾”。以及独具特色的语言艺术。关键词：欧·亨利；情节；戏剧性；意外；幽默十九世纪美国作家欧·亨利（1862—1910）以他情节生动、笔调幽默的作品，独树一帜，脍炙人口，成为美国现当代短篇小说的奠基人和世界短篇小说三大师之一。欧·亨利一生写下将近三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说。他深刻地认识到资本主义制度的腐朽、道德的虚伪、贫富的悬殊、人与人之间相互倾轧……许多作品对此作了充分的揭露和讽刺，批判了当时社会中不合理的现象。同时，对广大下层的“小人物”、普通人的灾难、疾苦寄予满腔的同情。正如列夫·托尔斯泰所说：“那是从他所经历的生活得来的果实，正如母亲的怀胎一样”。[1]但要获得巨大艺术效果，“从总的方面来看，整个情节就是作品整个的生命，它无疑是很重要的”。[2]本文试从欧·亨利短篇小说的艺术技巧方面作一番探索。欧·亨利丰富的生活阅历和卓越的艺术天才使他的小说不仅内容多采多姿，而且具有独特的艺术技巧，在艺术上有其独创之处。欧·亨利从他丰富的生活库藏中提炼素材，在他的短篇小说中反映了美国二十世纪初各方面的社会生活，但一般说他并没有直接去描写社会的重大题材，而是以他洞察幽微的观察力，从普通生活中选取平凡的素材，使普通的生活，看来似乎信手拈来的平凡素材，经过他丰富的生活、新颖的智慧，“借一斑略知全豹，以一目尽传精神”，以小见大，宛如一只精巧的万花筒，从各个不同角度折射出五光十色的社会内容，从平常事件中开掘主题，反映出不平常的社会意义。在手法运用上，通过人物自身的生活、遭遇，以及相互之间的关系，一次次发生冲突，充分揭示人物性格和命运。《最后一片叶子》描写美国一个城市的贫民窟，住着一些贫病交加的艺术家，其中有一位女画家琼西患了严重的肺炎。当她生命垂危时，望着窗外墙上的青藤，在风雨吹打下，叶子一片片飘落，她计算着等最后一片叶子掉下来，自己就要离开这人间。一夜风雨，那片藤叶仍然在那里，使琼西重新燃起生命的火焰。而那片叶子是老画家贝尔先生，在风雨交加的夜晚，用生命画出来的，自己却因此患肺炎而去世。这篇小说写出两代人的友谊和命运，赞美了主人公热爱生活，舍己为人的感人事迹。《麦琪的礼物》写的是家庭琐事，从一对贫贱夫妻互赠圣诞节礼物的小事中看出了小人物的人性美。从《没有完的故事》对一个无依无靠的弱女子参加一次约会的描写中，我们看出了资本主义社会小人物的贫困生活和悲剧命运。《黄雀在后》写一个骗子、一个强盗和一个金融家的日常活动。挫折的命运使他们暂时结成盟友，但当他们的生活一旦安定下来便勾心斗角。强盗用抢来的钱开办赌馆，骗子就用诡计把强盗的钱骗过来，而

英语短篇故事

‘I t must be broken.’T he girl thought that and tried to get her coins back. But she failed.‘All right, just three coins.’S he left the vending machine and waited for the bus. Soon the bus came near the station, the girl was about to leave when she suddenly saw a man standing in front the vending machine. ‘Sir, the machine is broken.’T he girl came to him and said. ‘Well, thanks.’T he man seemed a little unnatural. The bus had already gone, so the girl was still waiting. ‘I thought Iwas the only person here.’S he turned her head but there was no one. ‘Where is the man? He was just over there!’She looked around and found nobody. ‘How strange it is!’ Thinking of this, she came to the vending machine again. Surprisingly, she found that the slot of the machine was empty, which a coin of hers should have been stuck in. The machine looked like nothing bad. She put another three coins in, and again, nothing in return. ’Oh! Again!’the girl left the machine and went to wait for her bus. Casually, she glimpsed at the vending machine. There stood the man she had met before.

小说“阿拉比”英文赏析

詹姆斯·乔伊斯是举世公认的二十世纪英国文坛巨匠。他的早期作品《都柏林人》是一部由十五个故事组成的现实主义短篇小说集。该小说集以作者的家乡都柏林为背景，生动地描绘了二十世纪初该城市的社会现实和人生百态，深刻地反映出当时社会麻木不仁的瘫痪状态，成功地展示了不同身份的人物同僵死和瘫痪的社会之间的激烈冲突以及他们失败之后痛苦不堪的感受。作者从童年期、青年期、成年期和社会生活四个方面对这部小说集进行布局，揭示了当时社会政治、经济和道德的瘫痪。《阿拉比》是该小说集中“童年期”的第三篇，描述的是一个少年对朦胧爱情的浪漫追求以及幻想破灭后的失望和痛苦。 在故事中，乔伊斯细致而深刻地刻画了主人公复杂的内心世界，展示了主人公在认识自我，走向成熟的过程中所经历的困惑、孤独和痛苦。故事是以第一人称叙述的，主人公是一个天真无邪、正在成熟的少年，他居住的地方名叫“北理查蒙德街”，住处的周围是一些阴森森的楼房、幽暗潮湿的花园和满是泥泞的巷子。然而，少年对这些并没有深刻的意识，直到他对“曼根的姐姐”产生了朦胧的“爱慕”之情时才有了一种孤独和茫然之感，因为他根本不知道爱情究竟是什么样的，也不知道如何表达自己对姑娘的爱慕之情。当有一天他朝思暮想的“曼根的姐姐”主动和他说话，并告诉他该去“阿拉比”集市时，他的思想有了变化，他渴望去集市为心爱的姑娘买一份礼物。可见少年去“阿拉比”的渴望是出于对心中朦胧的爱情的本能追求。“阿拉比”这个具有阿拉伯异域色彩和东方世界神秘魅力的集市给他带来了希望和诱惑，寄托着他的爱情和理想，象征着他探索与追求的目标。于是，去“阿拉比”集市意味着他开始了追求理想，寻找自我的“成长之旅”。然而，当他几经周折到达集市时，“几乎所有的摊棚都关门了。半个大厅里黑沉沉的。我有一种孤寂之感，犹如置身于做完礼拜后的教堂中。”当他困难地想起自己来集市的目的时，他随意走到一个摆着瓷花瓶和印花茶具的摊棚前。他看见的却是一个女郎与两名英国男子调情的场面。他们轻浮放肆的话语跟他心中神圣、纯洁而又压抑的爱情成了鲜明的对比。这时他迷茫了，不明白现实生活中的爱情为什么跟他理想的爱情完全不一样，觉得自己心中的爱情受到了亵渎，他无法忍受。恰好在这一刻少年产生了“精神顿悟”：他终于领悟到现实世界和他心中的理想世界之间的巨大差异，认识到现实社会的麻木和不堪。于是，他“抬头凝视着黑暗感到自己是一个受到虚荣心驱使和拨弄的可怜虫，于是眼睛里燃烧着痛苦和愤怒”。由此可见，少年追求理想的“阿拉比”之行实际上是他的一次认识自我、认识人生的的成长之旅。他认识到在这个麻木、瘫痪和压抑的现实社会中，任何美好理想都会最终化为泡影。 通过这个故事，乔伊斯揭露了19世纪爱尔兰社会的黑暗和腐朽，希望爱尔兰人民能够振作起来，摆脱教会的束缚，重新恢复生机与活力。

欧亨利短篇小说读后感三篇

欧亨利短篇小说读后感三篇 导语：通过阅读这本小说选，我受到了很大了启发，也使我在以后的人生道路上有了更好的启迪。以下是“欧亨利短篇小说三篇”，希望给大家带来帮助！ 有这么一个人写的小说，他篇幅不不长，但总能带给你长篇小说般绵长的美好回忆；有这么一个人写的小说，读去普通，却总能在结尾给你带来极大的震撼；有这么一个人写的小说，他没有侦探小说的神秘，没有塑造显赫的大人物，但他笔下的每一个普通的小人物都让我们在含泪的阅读中绽放温暖的微笑……他就是欧亨利和他的短篇小说。 初识欧亨利还是在小学六年级，语文书最后的选学课文中有一篇叫做《一件运动衫》的小说，文笔朴实，但读完后，那只昂头的麋鹿便在我的脑海里深深扎根了。 于是，阅读欧亨利一发不可收拾。 在欧亨利的短篇小说《最后一片叶子》中，我知道了原来这个世界上还有一片树叶可以永远翠绿不会凋零，那是伟大却极其贫穷的画家贝尔曼用生命的画笔描画的，这永不凋零的常春藤叶唤起了琼西生的欲望；

在欧亨利的短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》中，我知道了原来有一种付出是可以割舍自我的：德拉为了给丈夫的金表配上一副精巧的表链，忍痛卖掉一头美丽的长发，那是“像一股褐色的小瀑布奔泻闪亮的长发”；同时，丈夫吉姆为了给妻子的美丽长发配上爱慕已久的玳瑁发梳卖掉了三代祖传的金表。只求付出的爱付出了沉重的代价，但谁能说这对穷夫妻不是度过了最为幸福的圣诞节呢？ 在欧亨利的短篇小说《两位感恩节的绅士》中，我知道有一种承诺是可以用生命捍卫的。没落的财主尽管自己也食不果腹，但他依然铭记每年在感恩节要让一个流浪汉饱餐一顿，结果自己却饿晕了；而穷光蛋为了感谢财主的恩赐，尽管自己已经受施舍填饱肚子，但还是大快朵颐了财主的美餐以致胀破了肚子…… 有人说，欧亨利的小说，最吸引人的是他的出其不意的结尾，正因为这样的结尾，所以被称作“欧亨利式结尾”。说实话，起初我也被小说的结尾深深吸引，因为他总是在你认定了结局时出其不意地给你惊喜。但在我一次又一次阅读他朴实但精致，雷同却神秘的故事后，我想我终于知道自己为什么如此震撼了，这份震撼恰恰欧亨利笔下那群贫穷、卑微的小人物，他们个个充满爱心、充满毅力，就这样温暖而坚定地走进读者的心灵。