2018版高考英语二轮专题限时集训：15 完形填空 夹叙夹议文+议论文+说明文 Word版含解析

专题限时集训(十五)完形填空夹叙夹议

文＋议论文＋说明文

(对应学生用书第145页)

A

【导学号：25874070】(2017·无锡高三一模)When I was in middle school，a poisonous spider bit my right hand，I ran to my mom for __1__，but instead of taking me to a doctor，my mom set my hand__2__．

After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton，then soaking it in wine，she put a chopstick into my mouth，and lit the cotton.Heat quickly went through the cotton and began to roast my__3__．The sharp pain made me want to scream，but the chopstick__4__it.All I could do was watch my hand burn—one minute，then two minutes—__5__mom put out the fire.

At that time there was no doctor available my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.

For those who study biology，you may have grasped the science__6__my mom's cure: heat deactivates(使不活跃) proteins，and a spider's venom(毒液) is__7__ a form of protein.It's__8__how that folk remedy actually includes basic biochemistry，isn't it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard.I now know that better，less__9__and less risky treatments existed.So I can't help but ask myself why I didn't__10__one at that time.

Now I am happy to report that my hand is fine.But this question remains，and I continue to be troubled by the unequal__11__of scientific knowledge throughout the world.Despite the knowledge we have accumulated，we haven't been so__12__in deploying(配置) it to where it's needed most.We constantly see these problems of poverty，illness，and __13__ of resources preventing the flow of scientific information.Life-saving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often__14__in underdeveloped regions.

While studying at Harvard，I saw__15__scientific knowledge can help others in

simple，yet profound ways.The bird flu in the 2000s looked to my village like a spell cast by devils.When I realized that simple hygiene(卫生) practices like__16__different animal species could contain the spread of the disease，and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village，that was my first “Aha”moment as a budding scientist.

Harvard dares us to dream big，to aspire(立志) to change the world.Here on this Commencement Day，we are__17__ thinking of grand destinations and big adventures that await us.As for me，I am also thinking of the farmers in my village.My experience here__18__me how important it's for researchers to communicate our knowledge to those__19__．Because by using the science we already have，we can probably bring my village and thousands like it into the world you and I take__20__every day.And that's an impact every one of us can make!

【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者用他被蜘蛛咬伤的亲身经历说明了知识传播、科学知识的均衡分布的重要性。

1．A.medicine B．help

C．advice D．decision

B[结合上下文语境可知，在我上中学的时候，一只有毒的蜘蛛咬伤了我的右手，我跑去找母亲帮忙(help)。]

2．A.in water B．on fire

C．in trouble D．on strike

B[根据下文的“...lit the cotton”“put out the fire”可知，母亲没有带我去看医生，而是用火烧我的手。set sth.on fire“纵火焚烧某物”，符合语境。in trouble“在困难中”；on strike“在罢工”。]

3．A.leg B．chest

C．hand D．face

C[根据上文的“a poisonous spider bit my right hand”和“wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton ...”可知，这里指的是烘烤我的手(hand)。] 4．A.preserved B．forbade

C．cancelled D．prevented

D[剧烈的疼痛使我想叫出声来，但嘴里的筷子阻止(prevent)我这样做。

preserve“保存，保护”；forbid“禁止”；cancel“取消”。]

5．A.before B．until

C．when D．while

B[根据语境可知，此处指直到(until)我母亲把我手上的火扑灭。]

6．A.beside B．behind

C．after D．within

B[对于那些学生物学的人来说，你也许已经明白了我母亲的治疗方法背后的科学(原理)。表示“在……背后”要用介词behind。]

7．A.accurately B．simply

C．constantly D．continuously

B[蜘蛛的毒液仅仅(simply)是一种蛋白质。accurately“准确地”；

constantly“不断地，时常地”；continuously“连续不断地”。]

8．A.cool B．right

C．absurd D．puzzling

A[根据语境可知，此处指这个偏方事实上包含着基本的生物化学知识，这是很好的(cool)。]

9．A.powerful B．stressful

C．painful D．regretful

C[我现在知道了不那么痛(painful)、不那么危险的治疗方法的存在。

powerful“强有力的”；stressful“有压力的”；regretful“遗憾的”。] 10．A.accept B．receive

C．adopt D．adapt

B[我忍不住问我自己，为什么那个时候我不能接受(receive)这样的治疗呢？

accept“承认，接受”；adopt“采取，收养”；adapt“使适应，改编”。] 11．A.distribution B．donation

C．allocation D．distraction

A[此处表示科学知识在全球的分布(distribution)不均衡问题。donation“捐献”；allocation“分配，配置”；distraction“注意力分散”。]

12．A.involved B．absorbed

C．successful D．careful

C[虽然我们已经积累了很多知识，但是我们不能成功(successful)地将其应用到最需要它的地方。involved“与……有关联，卷入，复杂的”；

absorbed“被……吸引住，全神贯注”；careful“仔细的”。]

13．A.separation B．plenty

C．absence D．lack

D[根据上文中的“these problems of poverty，illness”及下文中的“preventing the flow of scientific information”可知，此处应是指资源的匮乏(lack)。

separation“分离，分开”；plenty“许多”；absence“不存在，缺席”。] 14．A.unavailable B．unwanted

C．unexpected D．unnecessary

A[救生知识在现代化的世界被我们认为是理所当然的，但通常在不发达地区却是难以获得的。unavailable“难以获得的，无法得到的”，符合语境。] 15．A.when B．where

C．how D．why

C[我知道了科学知识是如何(how)用简单又深刻的方式帮助其他人的。] 16．A.dividing B．separating

C．splitting D．breaking

B[当我意识到简单的卫生治疗方法，例如将不同种类的动物隔离(separate)开可以防止这种疾病的蔓延。divide“分开”；split“分裂”；break“破坏”。] 17．A.skillfully B．probably

C．preferably D．relatively

B[我们可能的(probably)在想象远大目标和大冒险在等待我们。

skillfully“有技术地”；preferably“最好是”；relatively“相当地，相对地”。] 18．https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f719110756.html,rms B．recalls

C．reminds D．refers

C[我的经历提醒(remind)我，对于研究者来说将知识传递给处于困境中的那些人是多么重要。]

19．A.in danger B．in need

C．in order D．in shape

B[参见上题解析。in danger“在危险中”；in order“整齐，秩序井然，按

顺序”；in shape“在外形上，处于良好状态”。]

20．A.for granted B．for example

C．into consideration D．into practice

A[此处表示我们每天都视为理所当然的世界，take sth.for granted意为“认为某事理所当然，视某事为理所当然”，符合句意。take sth.for example“以……为例”；take sth.into consideration“顾及，考虑到”。]

B

【导学号：25874071】(2017·南通、泰州高三一模)Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Such clichés(陈词滥调) are__21__questions，as researchers examine with great care the power of positive thinking.Research is proving that optimism can__22__you to be happier，healthier and more successful.Pessimism leads，__23__，to hopelessness，sickness and failure，and is linked to__24__，loneliness and painful shyness.If we could teach people to think more positively，it would be like protecting them against these__25__illnesses.

Your abilities count but the belief that you can succeed__26__the result.When things go wrong the pessimist tends to__27__ himself.“I'm not good at this，”he says.“I always fail.” But the optimist looks for other __28__．Negative or positive，you are what you think.If people feel hopeless they don't__29__to acquire the skills they need to succeed.

A sense of control is the real test for__30__．The optimist feels in control of his own life.If things are going badly，he__31__quickly，looking for solutions，forming a new plan of action，and__32__for advice.The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly.He doesn't seek advice，since he __33__ nothing can be done.Many studies suggest that the pessimist's feeling of helplessness__34__the body's immune system.The pessimist doesn't take good care of himself.Feeling passive and unable to avoid life's__35__，he expects ill health and other misfortunes，no matter what he does.He eats junk food，avoids exercise，and__36__the doctor.

Most people are a(an)__37__ of optimism and pessimism，but are in favor of one direction or the other.It is a pattern of__38__learned at our mothers' knees.It

grows out of thousands of cautions or__39__，negative statements or positive ones.Pessimism is a hard habit to__40__but it can be done.So，if you are a pessimist，there are ways...

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。乐观主义者往往不会被困难打倒，更有可能获得成功。而悲观主义者往往听天由命，认为人生无望。这两种人生态度不是与生俱来的，而是人们在成长环境中逐渐形成的。

21．A.specific B．scientific

C．physical D．universal

B[根据语境，尤其是下文中的“researchers”和“Research”可以推断，人们把玻璃杯看作半满而不是半空是科学问题。scientific“科学的”符合语境。] 22．A.help B．force

C．forbid D．train

A[乐观主义有助于让你更加快乐、健康和成功。help“帮助”符合语境。] 23．A.for instance B．at best

C．in fact D．by contrast

D[上一句话中说到了乐观主义的积极作用，而本句话介绍了悲观主义的消极作用，故by contrast“对比起来，相比之下”符合语境。此处表示相比之下，悲观主义导致绝望、疾病和失败，并且和抑郁、孤独以及痛苦的胆怯有联系。] 24．A.kindness B．carelessness

C．passion D．depression

D[参见上题解析。depression意为“抑郁”。]

25．A.severe B．mental

C．terminal D．major

B[如果我们可以教会人们更积极地思考，就会保护这些人不受精神疾病的困扰。根据上文中的“hopelessness”“loneliness”“painful shyness”等词可知，mental “心理上的”，符合语境。]

26．A.challenges B．contradicts

C．affects D．abuses

C[你的能力非常重要，但是相信自己能成功的信念也会影响结果。这与第一段提到的乐观主义会催生积极结果相呼应。故affect“影响”，符合语境。]

27．A.correct B．comfort

C．assist D．blame

D[根据语境及下文中的“‘I'm not good at this，’he says.‘I always fail.’”

可知，在事情进展不顺利时，悲观主义者往往会责备自己。blame“责怪，指责”，符合语境。]

28．A.excuses B．opportunities

C．explanations D．advantages

C[上一句话中已经说到，当事情进展不顺利的时候，悲观主义者往往会责备自己。而本句与其构成转折，故此处表示但是乐观主义者会寻找其他的解释。explanation“解释，说明”，符合语境。]

29．A.bother B．agree

C．wait D．hesitate

A[如果人们感到绝望，他们是不会费心去获得他们成功所需要的技能的。

bother to do sth.意为“费心做某事”。]

30．A.ambition B．success

C．conscience D．courage

B[这是本段的主题句，强调一个人的成功可以通过其是否能自控得以验证，这与下文中的“The optimist feels in control of his own life.”以及“The pessimist feels like a toy of fate”吻合，前者强调乐观主义者掌握人生，而后者强调悲观主义者受命运的摆布，这些态度影响了这两类人是否能够成功。故success“成功”符合语境。]

31．A.runs B．acts

C．quits D．turns

B[本句话中的“quickly ...forming a new plan of action ...”说明，乐观主义者看到事情进展不顺利时，会立即行动起来寻找解决方法，形成新的行动计划，并且向别人征求意见。act“做事，行动”，符合语境。]

32．A.standing up B．making up

C．looking out D．reaching out

D[参见上题解析。reach out for advice意为“征求意见”，与下文中的“doesn't seek advice”相对应。]

33．A.suspects B．denies

C．assumes D．pretends

C[根据上一句中的“...feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly”可知，悲观主义者认为自己是受命运摆布的人。所以他不会向别人征求意见，因为他认为无计可施。assume意为“假定，认为”，符合语境。]

34．A.weakens B．restores

C．improves D．defends

A[很多研究表明悲观主义者绝望的感觉会削弱人体的免疫系统。weaken意为“削弱”，与下文中的“expects ill health”吻合。]

35．A.aims B．gifts

C．blesses D．blows

D[结合语境可知，悲观主义者认为自己无法避开生活的打击。blow意为“打击，挫折”，符合语境。下文中的“ill health and other misfortunes”都属于“打击”的范畴。]

36．A.consults B．ignores

C．praises D．follows

B[根据本句中的“He eats junk food，avoids exercise”可知，悲观主义者吃垃圾食品，避免运动，这些都是消极面对生活的表现，由此可以推断他们对医生(的建议)也不重视。ignore意为“忽视”，符合语境。]

37．A.result B．option

C．mix D．image

C[根据语境，尤其是下文中的“but are in favor of one direction or the other”

可知，大部分人身上既有乐观主义也有悲观主义，即大部分人是两种情感的综合体。mix意为“混合，混合体”，符合语境。]

38．A.thinking B．behavior

C．expression D．complaining

A[无论是乐观主义还是悲观主义，都与人的思维有关。thinking意为“思维，思考”，符合语境。第一段中“positive thinking”亦是重要提示。]

39．A.pressures B．favours

C．criticisms D．encouragements

D[下文中的“negative statements”和“positive ones”相对立，故本空所填词的语义要与上文的“cautions”的语义相对应，caution意为“警告”，与之相对应的是encouragement“鼓励”。]

40．A.develop B．assess

C．break D．understand

C[根据语境，尤其是上文的“a hard habit”和下文的“but it can be done”可知，悲观主义的思维习惯虽然很难被改掉，但是还是可以做到的。break a habit意为“改掉习惯”。]

C

(2017·南京、淮安高三三模)Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity，even minor distractions(分心) can have a huge effect.According to a study，regaining our__41__drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.

Multitasking(多任务)，as many studies have shown，is a myth(谬论)．A more accurate__42__of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we're rapidly__43__between activities，sucking our mental energy.And the__44__can be surprisingly serious.An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be__45__by distractions like e-mails and text messages.

The__46__is that multitasking is enjoyable.It's fun to satisfy your curiosity.Who knows what that next e-mail or text message holds__47__？Finding out provides immediate satisfaction.__48__，resisting distractions and staying on task requires__49__and mental effort.

So，what are we to do?

Our strategy is to change the__50__to move temptation further away: shut down your e-mail program or__51__your phone.It's a lot easier to stay on task when you're not__52__fighting off mental desires.

The alternative，which most of us consider common，is __53__ to dieting in a bakery.We all need the willpower to resist the temptations，but doing so comes with__54__costs to our limited supply of willpower.

Another worthwhile__55__is to collect similar activities together，keeping transition(转换) time to a__56__point.Instead of spreading phone calls，meetings and e-mails throughout your day，try__57__ related tasks so that there are fewer

transitions.

In some jobs，multitasking is__58__．Some of us truly do need to stay__59__to our clients，colleagues and managers.So it's worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.

Remember，the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day，the more ability you'll have for activities that actually__60__．Even small changes can make a big difference.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在多项任务中，不停地进行任务切换会让我们分心，所以尽可能避免同时处理多项事情或减少任务切换的时间就显得尤为重要了。

41．A.initial B．personal

C．inner D．ambitious

A[注意力被打断以后，重新获得最初的干劲可能大约需要20分钟。

initial“最初的”；personal“个人的”；inner“内部的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的”。]

42．A.plan B．account

C．prediction D．insight

B[根据下文中的“is that we're rapidly ...mental energy”可知，此处指的是对发生了什么的更准确的描述。account“描述”，符合语境。]

43．A.switching B．swinging

C．swapping D．shuttling

A[根据语境及下文中的“task-switching”可知，此处指我们在活动间进行快速转换。switch“改变，转换”。]

44．A.benefits B．reasons

C．consequences D．challenges

C[根据下文中的“we lose as many as 10 IQ points ...”可知，此处指后果可能会出奇地严重。consequence“后果”，符合语境。]

45．A.guided B．changed

C．adapted D．interrupted

D[根据语境可知，此处指当我们允许我们的工作被诸如电子邮件和短信这

样使人分心的事情打断(interrupt)时。第一段中的“interruption”亦是提示。] 46．A.advantage B．emphasis

C．trouble D．practice

C[根据下文中的“multitasking is enjoyable ...provides immediate satisfaction”

及“resisting distractions ...effort”可知，此处指问题(trouble)是同时做几件事情是很有趣的。advantage“优势”；emphasis“重点”；practice“做法”。] 47．A.in stock B．in store

C．in check D．in possession

B[谁知道下一封电子邮件或短信里会有什么呢？hold sth.in store“储藏着，就要出现”。]

48．A.As a rule B．As a result

C．In short D．In contrast

D[相比之下，抵制令人分心的事并继续把注意力放在任务上需要自制力和脑力。as a rule“通常”；as a result“结果”；in short“总之”；in contrast“相反，相比之下”。]

49．A.patience B．discipline

C．courage D．attention

B[参见上题解析。patience“耐心”；discipline“纪律，自制力”；

courage“勇气”；attention“注意力”。]

50．A.expectation B．task

C．environment D．vision

C[根据下文中的“shut down your e-mail program ...”可知，我们的策略是通过改变环境来转移诱惑：关闭电子邮件程序或把手机调至静音状态。

environment“环境”，符合语境。expectation“期望”；task“任务”；

vision“视野”。]

51．A.replace B．silence

C．answer D．pick

B[参见上题解析。silence“使安静，使不说话”，符合语境。]

52．A.continuously B．finally

C．passionately D．directly

A[当你不再持续地抵抗精神欲望时，把注意力保持在任务上要容易得多。

continuously“不断地，持续地”；finally“最终”；passionately“热诚地”；

directly“直接地”。]

53．A.similar B．relevant

C．superior D．opposite

A[根据下文中的“dieting in a bakery ...limited supply of willpower”可知，这个供替代的选择与在面包店节食有相似之处。be similar to是固定用法，意为“与……类似”。]

54．A.affordable B．basic

C．considerable D．modest

C[但要做到这一点需要付出相当大的代价。considerable“相当大的”，符合语境。affordable“付得起的”；basic“基础的，基本的”；modest“不太大的，些许的”。]

55．A.research B．aspect

C．reaction D．approach

D[另外一个重要的方法是将类似的活动聚集在一起，把(任务)转换所需的时间保持在最低点。approach“方法”和上文中的“strategy”对应。]

56．A.minimum B．maximum

C．turning D．fixed

A[参见上题解析。minimum“最小的，最低的”。下文中的“minimize”是提示。]

57．A.analyzing B．grouping

C．assigning D．undertaking

B[根据上文中的“collect similar activities together”及下文中的“so that there are fewer transitions”可知，尝试把相关的任务进行分组。group“把……分组，将……分类”，符合语境。]

58．A.disturbing B．annoying

C．unavoidable D．unnecessary

C[在有些工作中，同时处理多项事情是不可避免的。unavoidable“不可避免的”，符合语境。disturbing“令人不安的”；annoying“令人讨厌的”；

unnecessary“没有必要的”。]

59．A.sympathetic B．loyal

C．accustomed D．connected

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matter“重要”；function“起作用”；work“奏效”；interfere“干扰”。]

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限时训练——完形填空之夹叙夹议 1. 【2015?安徽】完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The ____1____ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of ____2____ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we ____3____ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to ____4____ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. ____5____ modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and ____6____. Another cause is our ____7____ of disposable(一次性的) products. As ____8____ people, we are always looking for ____9____ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ____10____ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few. Our appetite for new products also ____11____ to the problem. We are ____12____ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ____13____ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ____14____ useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world, we can see the ____15____ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To ____16____ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ____17____, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ____18____, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem. Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ____19____ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ____20____. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 1. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem 2. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products 3. A. face B. become C. observe D. change 4. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw 5. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of 6. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful 7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division 8. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy