32.Cadets Trade the Trenches for Firewalls

32 Cadets Trade the Trenches for Firewalls

By COREY KILGANNON and NOAM COHEN

一班小学教育（数学方向）的梁维明和胡淑怡

The Army forces were under https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4a2115207.html,munications were down, and the chain of command was broken.

Pacing a makeshift bunker whose entrance was camouflaged with netting, the young man in battle fatigues barked at his comrades:”They are flooding the e-mail server. Block it. I’ll take the heart for it.

These are the war games at West Point, at least last month, when a team of cadets spent four days struggling around the clock to establish a computer network and keep it operating while hackers from the National Security Agency in Maryland4 tried to infiltrate it with methods that an enemy might use. The N.S.A. make the cadets’ task more difficult by planting viruses on computers around the word.

The competition was a final exam of sorts for senior elective class.

The cadets, who were computer science and information technology majors, competed against teams from the Navy, Air Force,Coast Guard and Merchant as well as the Naval Postgraduate School and the Air Force Institute of Technology.Each team was judged on how well it subdued the threats from the N.S.A.

The cyberwar games at West Point are just one example of a heightened awareness across the military that it must treat the threat of a computer attack as seriously as it does an attack carried out by a bomber or combat brigade. There is an American military unit or headquarters that has not been ordered to analyze the risk of cyberattacks to its mission-and to train to counter them. If the hackers were to succeed,they could change information on the network and cripple Internet communications.

In the desert outside Las Vegas, in a series of inconspicuous trailers, some of most highly motivated hackers in the United States spend their days and nights probing the military’s vast computer networks for weaknesses to exploit.

These hackers-many of whom got their as teenagers devoted to computer screens in their basements-have access to the latest in attack software. Some of it was developed by cryptologists at the N.S.A.,the nation’s largest intelligence agency, where most of the government’s talent for breaking and making computer codes resides.

The hackers have an official name-the 57th Information Aggressor Squadron-and a real home, Nellis Air Force Base.

The Army last year created its own destination for computer experts, the Network Warfare Battalion,where many of the cadets in the cyberwar games hope to be assigned. But even so, the ranks are still small.

The Defense Department today graduates only 80 students a year from its cyberwar schools, causing Defense Secretary Robert M.Gates to complain that the Pentagon is “desperately short of people who have capabilities in this area in all the services,and we have to address it.”Under current Pentagon budget proposals, the number of students cycled through the schools will be quadrupled in the next two years.

Part of the Pentagon’s effort to increase the military’s capabilities are the annual cyberwar games played at the nation’s military academies,including West Point, where young cadets in combat boots and buzz cuts talk megabytes instead on a campus dotted with statues of generals,historic armaments and old stone building.

While the Pentagon has embraced the need for offensive

cyberwarfare,there were no offensive maneuvers in the games last month, said Col. Joe Adams, who teaches Information Assurance and stood at the head of the classroom during the April exercise.

Cadet Joshua Ewing said he and his fellow Blue Team members “learn all the techniques that a hacker would do, and we try to beat a hacker .”

These strategies are not just theoretical.Most of these cadets will soon be sent to Afghanistan to carry out such work,Cadet Ewing said.

When the military deploys in a combat zone or during a domestic emergency,establishing a secure Internet connection is an early priority. To keep things humming, the military’s experts must fend off the ordinary chaos of the Internet as well as attacks devised to disable the communications system,like flooding e-mail servers with so many junk messages that they collapse.

Underscoring how seriously the cadets were taking the April games,the sign above the darkened entranceway in Thayer Hall read “Information Warfare Live Fire Range”and the area was draped with camouflage netting.

One group had to retrieve crucial information from a partly erased

hard drive . One common method of hiding text , said Cadet Sean Stor y , is to embed it digital photographs ;he had managed to fend secret documents hidden in this way .He was seeking a password needed to read encrypted e-mail he had located on the hard drive.

Other cadets worked in tandem , as if plugging a leaky dam , to keep the entire system working as the N.S.A. hackers attacked the engine that runs a crucial database as well as the e-mail server.

They shouted out various Internet addresses to inspect-and usually block(blocked)-after getting clearance from referees . And there was that awkward moment when the cadet in charge ,Salvatore Messina , had to act without clearance because the attack was to severe he couldn’t even send an e-mail message.

The cadets in this room do get their share of ribbing . But one cadet ,Derek Taylor, said today’s soldiers recognize that technological expertise can be as vital as brute force in saving lives . West Point takes the competition seriously .The cadets who helped install and secure the operating system spent a week setting it up . The dean gives a pep

talk ;professors bring food.

Brian McCord ,part of the team that installed the operating system,said he was chosen because his senior project was deeply reliant on Linux. The West Point team used this open-source operating

system ,freely available on the Internet , instead of relying on proprietary

products from big-name companies like Microsoft or Sun Microsystems .

“It seems weired for the Amy with its large contracts to be using Linux , but it’s very cheap and very customizable ,” Cadet McCord said . It is also much easier to secure because “ you can tweak it for everything you need ” and there not as many known ways to attack it ,he said .

West Point emerged victorious in the games last month . That means the academy, which has won five of the last nine competitions , can keep the Director’s Cup trophy , which is displayed near a German Enigma encoding machine from World War II.Cracking the Enigma code helped the Allies win the war , and the machine is a stark reminder of the pivotal role of technology in warfare .

From The New York Times,May11,2009

国际贸易实务2010通则 11种贸易术语对照表

《2010年通则》11种贸易术语对照表 标准代码中文 名称交货 地点 责任费用 风险划分 界限 出口清 关责任 与费用 进口报 关责任 与费用 适用的运输方 式办 理 租 船 订 舱 办 理 保 险 支 付 费 用 支 付 保 险 费 ex works EXW 工厂交货（指 定地点） 出口商 所在地 买 方 买 方 买 方 买 方 买方受领货物买方买方任何运输方式 free carrier FCA 货交承运人 （指定交货地 点） 出口国 内地或 港口 买 方 买 方 买 方 买 方 货交承运人监管卖方买方任何运输方式 carriage paid to CPT 运费付至（指 定目的地） 出口国 内地或 港口 卖 方 买 方 卖 方 买 方 货交承运人监管卖方买方任何运输方式 carriage & insurance paid to CIP 运费、保险费 付至（指定目 的地） 出口国 内地或 港口 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 货交承运人监管卖方买方任何运输方式 Delivered At Terminal DAT 运输终端交货 （指定港口或 目的地的运输 终端） 进口国 指定运 输终端 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 货物交买方处置卖方买方任何运输方式 Delivered At Place DAP 目的地交货 （指定目的 地） 进口国 指定目 的地 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 货物交买方处置卖方买方任何运输方式 delivered duty paid DDP 完税后交货 （指定目的 地） 进口国 指定目 的地 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 货物交买方处置卖方卖方任何运输方式 free alongside ship FAS 装运港船边交 货（指定装运 船） 装运港买 方 买 方 买 方 买 方 货交装运港船边卖方买方海运或内河水 运 free on board FOB 船上交货（指 定装运港） 装运港买 方 买 方 买 方 买 方 货物装上船卖方买方海运或内河水 运 cost & freight CFR 成本加运费 （指定目的 港） 装运港卖 方 买 方 卖 方 买 方 货物装上船卖方买方海运或内河水 运 cost insurance and freight CIF 成本、保险费 加运费（指定 目的港） 装运港卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 卖 方 货物装上船卖方买方海运或内河水 运

FOB贸易术语解释(中英文)

FOB贸易术语解释（中英文） FREE ON BOARD (... named port of shipment) “Free on Board" means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship''s rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship''s rail, the FCA term should he used. A THE SELLER''S OBLIGATIONS B THE BUYER''S OBLIGATIONS A1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its equivalent electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity winch may be required by the contract. B1 Payment of the price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale. A2 Licences, authorisations and formalities The seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable1 , all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. B2 Licences, authorisations and formalities

国际贸易术语中英文精修订

国际贸易术语中英文标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

外销员辅导物流货运费英文术语大全 海运费oceanfreight 集卡运费、短驳费Drayage 订舱费bookingcharge 报关费customsclearancefee 操作劳务费labourfeeorhandlingcharge 商检换单费exchangefeeforCIP 换单费D/Ofee 拆箱费De-vanningcharge 港杂费portsur-charge 电放费B/Lsurrenderfee 冲关费emergentdeclearationchange 海关查验费customsinspectionfee 待时费waitingcharge 仓储费storagefee 改单费amendmentcharge 拼箱服务费LCLservicecharge 动、植检疫费animal&plantquarantinefee 移动式其重机费mobilecranecharge 进出库费warehousein/outcharge 提箱费containerstuffingcharge 滞期费demurragecharge 滞箱费containerdetentioncharge 卡车运费cartagefee 商检费commodityinspectionfee 转运费transportationcharge 污箱费containerdirtynesschange 坏箱费用containerdamagecharge 清洁箱费containerclearancecharge 分拨费dispatchcharge 车上交货FOT(freeontrack) 电汇手续费T/Tfee 转境费/过境费I/Ebondedcharge

2010通则的11个贸易术语

2010通则的11个贸易术语 术语 说明 跟随 交货地点 风险划分 运费承担 保费承担 出口 通关 进口 通关 运输 方式 合同 性质 术语变形 EXW Ex Works 工厂交货 启运地 启运地 卖方营业场、工厂或仓库等指定地点 启运地 货物处于买方处置下，不负责装上运输工具

买方 买方 买方 买方 任何运输启运合同 术语 说明 跟随 交货 地点 风险 划分 运费 承担 保费 承担 出口 通关 进口 通关 适合 运输 方式 合同 性质

贸易术语变形 FOB Free on Board 装运港船上交货装运港 装运港船上 装运港船上 买方 买方 卖方 买方 海运和内陆水路 装运合同 解决装船费用 FOB Liner terms（班轮条件）买方 FOB Under Tackle（吊钩下交货）买方FOB Stowed（理舱费在内）卖方 FOB Trimmed（平舱费在内）卖方 CFR Cost and Freight 成本加运费 目的港 装运港船上 装运港船上 注意装运通知

卖方 买方 卖方 买方 海运和内陆水路 装运合同 关于卸货用的负担 CFR Liner Terms（班轮条件）卖方 CFR Landed（卸到岸上）卖方 CFR Ex Ship’s Hold（舱底交货）买方 CFR EX Tackle（吊钩下交货）卖方 CIF Cost Insurance and Freight 成本加保险费运费目的港 装运港船上 装运穿船上 卖方 卖方 卖方 买方 海运和内陆水路 装运合同 关于卸货用的负担 CIF Liner Terms（班轮条件）卖方 CIF Landed（卸到岸上）卖方

全套外贸术语 贸易术语 中英文对照

1. Trade-related Terms 贸易相关术语 A．贸易 Foreign Trade 对外贸易 Entrepot Trade F。）转口贸易 Home （Domestic）Trade 内贸 Coastal Trade 沿海贸易 Cross-border Trade 边境贸易 Barter Trade 易货贸易 Compensation Trade 补偿（互补）贸易 Bilateral trade （between China and the US）（中美）双边贸易Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism ) 多边贸易 Trading House/Corporation/Firm/Company 贸易公司 Liner Trade 集装箱班轮运输 B．合同 Contract 合同 Active service contracts on file 在备有效服务合同

Sales Contract 销售合同 Sales Confirmation 销售确认书 Agreement 协议 Vessel sharing Agreement 共用舱位协议 Slot-sharing Agreement 共用箱位协议 Slot Exchange Agreement 箱位互换协议 Amendment 修正合同 Appendix 附录 Quota 配额 C．服务合同 Service Contract as provided in the Shipping Act of 1984， a contract between a shipper （or a shippers association）and an ocean carrier （or conference）in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenue over a fixed time period，and the ocean common carrier or

国际贸易术语(中英文对照)

分析证书certificate of analysis 一致性证书certificate of conformity 质量证书certificate of quality 测试报告test report 产品性能报告product performance report 产品规格型号报告product specification report 工艺数据报告process data report 首样测试报告first sample test report 价格／销售目录price ／sales catalogue 参与方信息party information 农产品加工厂证书mill certificate 家产品加工厂证书post receipt 邮政收据post receipt 重量证书weight certificate 重量单weight list 证书ceitificate 价值与原产地综合证书combined certificate of value and origin 移动声明Ａ．ＴＲ．１movement certificate Ａ．ＴＲ．１ 数量证书certificate of quantity 质量数据报文quality data message 查询query 查询回复response to query 订购单purchase order 制造说明manufacturing instructions 领料单stores requisition 产品售价单invoicing data sheet 包装说明packing instruction 内部运输单internal transport order 统计及其他管理用内部单证statistical and oter administrative internal docu-ments 直接支付估价申请direct payment valuation request 直接支付估价单direct payment valuation 临时支付估价单rpovisional payment valuation 支付估价单payment valuation 数量估价单quantity valuation request 数量估价申请quantity valuation request 合同数量单contract bill of quantities-BOQ 不祭价投标数量单unpriced tender BOQ 标价投标数量单priced tender BOQ 询价单enquiry 临时支付申请interim application for payment 支付协议agreement to pay 意向书letter of intent 订单order 总订单blanket order

贸易术语中英文对照

国际贸易—— 出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格条件—— 价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价 price 码头费wharfage

总值 total value 卸货费landing charges 金额 amount 关税customs duty 净价 net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price/ prevailing price

13种贸易术语的比较归纳-贸易术语的归纳总结

13种贸易术语归纳对比

FOB、CIF、CFR异同比较： 共同点： 1、三种价格术语都适用于海运和内河运输，其承运人一般只限于船公司。 2、三种价格术语交货点均为装运港船舷风险点均以在装运港越过船舷即从卖方转移至买方。 3、费用点：卖方均要承担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切费用。 4、提单：卖方均需向买方提交已装船清洁提单。 5、装船通知：装运前后卖方均应及时向买方发出装船通知。 6、风险点：卖方在装运港将货物装船后的风险即转移到买方。

7、目的港的进口清关，费用等均由买方负责办理；装运港的装船，陆运，出口报关，办理许可证等均由卖方办理。 8、卖方都有在装运港安排订舱、配船的义务。 不同点： 1、价格术语后港口性质不一样，FOB后的港口指卖方所在国的港口，而CFR与CIF 后的港口指买方所在国的港口 2、费用构成不一样，报价不一样。FOB价格是考虑货物从原料购进、生产直到出口报关货物装到买方指定船舱同的一切费用和利润为止，而CFR是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费,CIF则是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费和保险费。 3、码头作业费的支付对象不同。按照谁支付海运费谁支付THC费用的原则，FOB价格条款中THC费用应由买方承担，CFR与CIF中THC应由卖方承担，现行国内THC标准为20‘柜370元，大柜40’为560元，THC费用应在贸易合同中明确注明由谁支付。 4、保险费支付、办理不同：FOB、CFR 保险由买方办理，卖方应于装船前通知买方；CIF 保险由卖方办理并支付保险费，卖方按合同条款，保险条款办理保险并将保险单交给买方。 5、装船通知告知买方时间不同：FOB价格和CFR在装船前告知买方，装船内容、装船细节以便买方有充足的时间办理货物海上保险而CIF是由卖方投保可在装船后几天内告知买方装船通知。 FCA、CPT、CIP异同比较： 共同点： 1、适用于任何运输方式，包括多式联运，也包括海运。在船舷无实际意义

全套外贸术语,贸易术语,中英文对照

1. Trade-related Terms贸易相关术语 A．贸易 Foreign Trade对外贸易 Entrepot Trade F。）转口贸易 Home（Domestic）Trade内贸 Coastal Trade沿海贸易 Cross-border Trade边境贸易 Barter Trade易货贸易 Compensation Trade补偿（互补）贸易 Bilateral trade（between China and the US）（中美）双边贸易Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism )多边贸易 Trading House/Corporation/Firm/Company贸易公司 Liner Trade集装箱班轮运输 B．合同 Contract合同 Active service contracts on file在备有效服务合同 Sales Contract销售合同 Sales Confirmation销售确认书 Agreement协议 Vessel sharing Agreement共用舱位协议 Slot-sharing Agreement共用箱位协议 Slot Exchange Agreement箱位互换协议 Amendment修正合同 Appendix附录 Quota配额 C．服务合同 Service Contract as provided in the Shipping Act of 1984， a contract between a shipper（or a shippers association）and an ocean carrier （or conference）in which the shipper makes a commitment to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenue over a fixed time period，and the ocean common carrier or conference commits to a certain rate or rate schedules as wel as a defined service level（such as assured space，transit time， port rotation or similar service features）。The contract may also specify provisions in the event of non-performance on the part of either party服务合同 A service contract is a confidential contract between a VOCC and 1 or more shippers in which the shipper(s) make a cargo commitment, and the carrier makes a rate and service commitment. 服务合同是一家有船承运人与一个和多个托运人签订的保密合同，

2010国际贸易术语解释通则与2000比较

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EXW: 卖方责任最小（出口报关卖方负责） DDP ：买方责任最小（进口报关买方负责） 风险划分点（交货点）与费用的划分点： E 、F 、D 组贸易术语，两点重合 C 组贸易术语：两点分离 象征性象征性交货与实质性交货 象征性交货：F 、C 组贸易术语 （交单=完成交货义务）（交给承运人） 实质性交货：E 、D 组贸易术语 （交货=完成交货义务）（交给买方） 象征性 贸易术语 全称 交货点 风险划分点 出口报关 运输费用 保险费用 进口报关 运输方式 船边交货 FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP 装运港船边 货交船边后 买 买 买 买 各种 装运港船上交货 FOB FREE ON BOARD 装运港船上 货交船上后 卖 买 买 买 各种 成本加运费 CFR CARRIAGE AND FREIGHT 装运港船上 货交船上后 卖 买 买 买 海运、内陆水运 成本加保险费运费 CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT 装运港船上 货交船上后 卖 买 买 买 海运、内陆水运 工厂交货 EXW EX WORKS 卖方工厂 货交买方处置 卖 卖 买 买 海运、内陆水运 货交承运人 FCA FREE CARRIER 出口国指定地点 货交承运人后 卖 卖 卖 买 海运、内陆水运 运费付至 CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO 出口国指定地点 货交承运人后 卖 卖 买 买 各种 运费、保险费付至 CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO 出口国指定地点 货交承运人后 卖 卖 卖 买 各种 终点站交货 DAT DELIEVERED AT TERMINAL 进口国指定终点 货交买方处置 卖 卖 卖 买 各种 目的地交货 DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE 进口国指定目的地 货交买方处置 卖 卖 卖 买 各种 完税后交货 DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID 进口国指定目的地 货交买方处置 卖 卖 卖 卖 各种

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贸易术语中英文对照

国际贸易—— 出口信贷export credit 出口津贴export subsidy 商品倾销dumping 外汇倾销exchange dumping 优惠关税special preferences 保税仓库bonded warehouse 贸易顺差favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quotas 自由贸易区free trade zone 对外贸易值value of foreign trade 国际贸易值value of international trade

普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT

卸货港port of discharge 批发价wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price/ prevailing price 国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board

成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价） CIF-cost,insurance and freight 交货条件—— 交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S) 装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter 托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor

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⑶术语后跟的地点不同，FOB后为指定装运港，CFR和CIF后为指龙目的港。 ⑷价格构成不同，CFR二FOB+F： CIF二CFR+I。 二、FCA、CPT、CIP 的异同点 2.1.相同点 ⑴交货方式：FCA、CPT、CIP合同均属于象征性交货，即单据买卖。 ⑵运输方式：任何方式（水上运输、航空运输、铁路运输、公路运输），包括多式联运。 ⑶交货地点：因运输方式不同时情况而泄。 ⑷风险界点：货交第一承运人为界，卖方承担货物交到承运人之前的风险，买方承担货交承运人之后的风险。 ⑸卖方的权利和义务：①提供货物及商业发票；②将货物交至承运人：③亦理出口手续。 ⑹买方的权利和义务：①付款、接单、提货：②办理进口手续。 2.2.不同点 ⑴办理运输的责任的规迫不同，CPT和CIP下由卖方办理运输，FCA合同下由买方办理。 ⑵办理保险的责任不同，CIP合同下由卖方办理保险，FCA和CPT下由买方办理保险。 ⑶术语后跟的地点不同，FCA后为指定地点，CPT和CIP后为指泄目的地，因运输方式不同，视情况而泄。 ⑷价格构成不同，CPT二FCA+F： CIP二CPT+I。 三、FOB和FCA、CFR和CPT、CIF和CIP的异同点 3.1.FOB和FCA的异同点 3.1.1.相同点 在交货方式、办理运输和保险的责任归谁、货物在运输途中的风险划分、货价构成、按术语签订的合同类型方面都相同。 3.1.2.不同点

国际贸易术语解释通则2010之DDP(中英对照版)

DELIVERED DUTY PAID 完税后交货 DDP (insert named place of destination) Incoterms_ 2010 完税后交货（…指定目的地） GUIDANCE NOTE 序言 This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller deliv ers the goods when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer, cleared for import on the a rriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the place of destination and has an obliga tion to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay any duty for both export an d import and to carry out all customs formalities. DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs and ris ks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carri age that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agree d between the parties. The parties are well advised not to use DDP if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain import clearance. If the parties wish the buyer to bear all risks and costs of import clearance, the DAP rule should be used. Any VAT or other taxes payable upon import are f or the seller’s account unless expressly agreed otherwise in the sales contract. 该术语适用于所选择的任一运输方式，也可被用于多式联运。“Delivered Duty Paid”是指当卖方在指定目的地将已办理进口清关手续的在运输工具上尚未卸下的货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。卖方承担将货物运送到指定地点的一切费用和风险。卖方要负责办理货物出口和进口清关，负担任何出口和进口关税和一切相关海关手续。DDP是卖方承担责任最大的术语。当事人应尽可能精准地指定约定目的地中的具体交货地点，因为货物运送至该地点的一切费用和风险由卖方负担。建议卖方订立与上述决定适宜的运输合同。除当事人事先另有约定外，如果卖方根据其运输合同负担了有关货物在指定目的地卸载的费用，其无权要求买方偿还相关费用。如果卖方不能直接或间接办理进口手续，建议当事人不要使用DDP术语。如果当事人希望买方承担进口清关的一切风险和费用，应使用DAP术语。除在销售合同中另有明确约定，任何增值税或其他进口所需税款应由卖方负担。 A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS 卖方义务 A1 General obligations of the seller 卖方基本义务 The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document r eferred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary. 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。以及经当事人同意或根据交易习惯在A1-A10中提到的任何有同等作用的电子记录或程序的凭证。 A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities 许可，授权，安全许可和其他正式手续 Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export and import lice nce and other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods, for their transport through any country and for their import.