跨文化交际自测试题

跨文化交际自测试题第一套考试方式：开卷（）闭卷（√）共页

Part One Multiple Choice (30%)

Directions:For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English.

1. What would you respond to the teacher’s greeting at the beginning of an English class: “Good morning, everyone!”

a. “Good morning, teacher!”

b. “Good morning!”

c. “Teacher!”

d. “Morning!”

2. One day, when an American lady accidentally bumped into Wei Lin. Lady: “I’m terribly sorry.” Wei:

a. “It doesn’t matter.”

b. “Never mind.”

c. “That’s all right.”

d. “Don’t worry.”

3. At a bus stop. Man: “Excuse me, do you know which bus to catch for London Road, please?”

Woman: “Sorry, I’ve no idea.”

Man: a. “It doesn’t matter.”

b. “Oh.”

c. “Never min

d.”

d. “Thank you.”

4. You have spent an afternoon with your foreign teacher, Mr. Good. You have just got to go.

Mr. G ood: “Do drop around and visit us some time.” You:

a. “Yes, of course, if I’m free.”

b. “I will come anytime, if you like.”

c. “Thank you. I will come at 7 p.m. on Monday.”

d. “Thank you, I will.”

5. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda.

Joyce: “I wonder if you’d mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?”

Brenda: a. “You’re welcome.”

b. “I don’t care.”

c. “I don’t min

d.”

d. “Yes, sur

e.”

6. In a Factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says:

a. “This way, please.”

b. “Come here!”

c. “Follow me!”

d. “Move on!”

7. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr. Smith, so he went to his place, entering the room and said:

a. “You’re not busy, I hope.”

b. “Got a minute?”

c. “Can I have a word with you, Mr. Smith?”

d. “I’m terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr. Smith.”

8. Suppose you are at the home of your English teacher, Mr. Savior.

Mr. Savior: “We are so glad to have you with us today.” You:

a. “Thank you.”

b. “I’m glad to be here.”

c. “I want to see you long ago.”

d. “I’ve bothered you too much.”

9. Xiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr. Brown, talks to him.

Mr. Brown: “Your English is quite fluent.”

Ma: a. “Thank you. It is kind of you to say so.”

b. “No, not at all.”

c. “No, no, my English is poor.”

d. “Oh, no. Far from that, I still have a long way to go.”

10. Betty is a foreign student in China. She has met Peng Fei.

Betty: “I was told that you won the 100-meter race in the all-city track meet this morning. Congratulations!” Peng: a. “I could have done better if it hadn’t been so cold.”

b. “Just lucky.”

c. “I can’t say I did well this morning.”

d. “Thank you.”

11. Which topic is more appropriate to discuss immediately after an introduction?

a. Politics

b. Religion

c. Marital status

d. Occupation

12. Mr. Timms has arrived for a meeting, which, unfortunately, has been cancelled.

Mrs. Banks: “I’m terribly sorry about not letting you know soone r, Mr. Timms, but unfortunately it was cancelled at the last minutes and there simply wasn’t enough time to inform everyone.”

Mr. Timms: a. “Oh, don’t let it worry you, Mrs. Banks. I quite understand.”

b. “Oh, It doesn’t matter, Mrs. Banks.”

c. “Oh, that’s OK, Mrs. Banks. I understan

d.”

d. “Oh, don’t worry about it, Mrs. Banks.”

13. When introduced to an older professor or to a friend’s parents, what would you say?

a. “Hi! Glad to see you.”

b. “Hello” and bow.

c. “Hello, it’s nice to meet you”, and then sh ake hands.

d. “How are you?”

14. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.

a. “Good afternoon, Professor Blake!”

b. “Are you going to the film?”

c. “Where are you going?”

d. “You’re going to the film, aren’t you?”

15. When introducing yourself to someone you don’t know at a party, what would you say?

a. “Hi, I’m_____________.”

b. “Hi, I’d like to meet you.”

c. “Maybe I introduce myself to you and at the same time I make your acquaintance.”

d. “Hi, I’m _____________.Do you know many people here?”

Part Two Case Analysis (50%)

Directions：Based on the reading Confusion, write a letter to Wu Ying’s best friend at home, write an essay with 400-500 words, explaining Wu Ying’s present feelings and giving the friend some suggestions about how she can support Wu Ying while she is going through this difficult time.

Confusion

Wu Ying, an English major studying at a university in US, starts out confidently. She knows that her language skills are better than those of most Chinese studying abroad. At first everything is fine, but gradually she discovers that professors do not always present material in an organized way nor do they always speak clearly. Some are from other countries and speak English with a foreign accent; some talk into their chests; and others talk so fast that she cannot keep up. They expect her to read a whole book every week for each class! Several of her courses require her to write term papers longer than her graduation thesis. The library is so big and complex and lists so many resources on the assigned topics that she wonders how she will manage to do the necessary research.

Wu Ying finds she cannot understand the group conversations of her native speaking classmates. They

use a lot of slang, make jokes she does not understand, and convey much of their meaning with subtle gestures she cannot decode. Some treat her kindly but like an incapable child; others expect her to know everything and feel and do as they do. The way they talk about “partying” fri ghtens her. They sometimes invite her to join in their social activities, but she has neither the time nor the money to participate.

In the meantime she gets letters from her family and friends at home, expressing their pride and confidence in her. Her parents tell her to work hard and take care of her health. She is already studying more hours a day than anyone she knows. Fresh fruits and vegetables are so expensive and the food in the dining hall is so unappetizing. Why don’t they have street sellers here? She would like to cut costs by cooking for herself, but the local convenience store does not sell vegetables and it takes too long to get to the supermarket by bus.

She is starting to doubt her ability and the wisdom of her decision to attend graduate school abroad.

Ying writes to her parents, but what she tells them is not what she really feels.

Part Three Reading Comprehension (20%)

Directions：Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The English, as a race, are very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbours, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons, it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities.

Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems restrained, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a city train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or having a light sleep in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An Englishman, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway carriage shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behaviour which, if broken, makes the person immediately suspect.

In many parts of the world it is quite normal to show openly extremes of enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, etc. the Englishman is somewhat different. Of course, an Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality, but he tends to display his feelings far less. This is reflected in his use of language. Imagine a man commenting on the great beauty of a young girl. Whereas a more emotional man might desc ribe her as “an excellent jewel”, “extremely beautiful”, “precious”, the English man will flatly state “Um, she’s all right.” An Englishman who has seen a highly successful and enjoyable film recommends it to a friend by commenting, “It’s not bad, you know,” or on seeing very unusual scenery he might convey his pleasure by saying, “Nice, yes, very nice.”The overseas visitor must not be disappointed by this apparent lack of interest and involvement; he must realize that “all right”, “not bad” and “nice”, ve ry often have the sense of “first-class”, “excellent”, “beautiful”. This special use of language, particularly common in England, is known as restrained statement.

Questions：

1. What is your general impression of English people?

2. What similarities and differences do you see in English people and Chinese people?

跨文化交际自测试题第二套考试方式：开卷（）闭卷（√）共页

Part One Multiple Choice

Directions:For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English.

1. Jack phones Xiao Song’s office. Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Song Hua, please.”

Song: a. “I’m Song Hua.”

b. “This is Song Hua speaking.”

c. “This is me.”

d. “It’s me her

e.”

2. You’ve just been asked out to dinner but you don’t want to go with the person who invited you. You might say: a. “I don’t think so. I already have plans.”

b. “No, I really don’t enjoy being with you.”

c. “I’m dieting so I mustn’t go out to eat.”

d. “Thanks a lot but I’m busy tonight.”

3. Mr. Green’s secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr. Barnes for her boss.

Miss Kent: a. “Excuse me, would you be Mr. Barnes?”

b. “Are you Mr. Barnes?”

c. “You are Mr. Barnes, aren’t you?”

d. “Excuse me, would you please tell me if you are Mr. Barnes?”

4. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would she say?

a. “No, of course not.”

b. “Can’t you stay without smoking?”

c. “Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?”

d. “It’s not OK.”

5. Wu Hua had a question to ask his foreign teacher. H e went to Professor Black’s place. After he got the answer, he got up to leave. He said: a. “Well, that’s clear—thank you very much.”

b. “Well, I’ve got to go now.”

c. “Thank you for your time and help.”

d. “I’m afraid I must go now.”

6. Miss Wells has been late for school quite recently. After class, her teacher, Professor Thyme talks to her. Prof. T.: “Er... Miss Wells, I’m sorry to have to mention this, but could you possibly try to be a little earlier in the morning? This is the third time you’ve been late this week.”

Miss Wells: a. “Oh, I’m awfully sorry, Prof. Thyme, but I really will try to be on time.”

b. “Oh, dear! I’m sorry, Prof. Thyme.”

c. “OK. I’m sure to come earlier next time.”

d. “Please excuse me this tim

e. I won’t be late next time.”

7. A and B are neighbors.

A: “My cat knocked over my new vase this morning.”

B: a. “What a shame.”

b. “A shame.”

c. “Shame on you.”

d. “Shame!”

8 Mrs. Brown has been spending the afternoon with an acquaintance, Mrs. Sullivan. She has just got up to

go. The hostess addresses her guest as follows: a. “Are you leaving yet?”

b. “Are you leaving already?”

c. “Aren’t you leaving yet?”

d. “Aren’t you leaving already?”

9. Your friend’s mother, Mrs. Keeler, asked if you would like something to eat. What would you sa y to refuse politely?

a. “No, thank you. You are so kind.”

b. “Oh, no. Mrs. Keeler.”

c. “No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch.”

d. “I’m full and have no room for any mor

e.”

10. Tom is talking to his schoolmate, David. Tom: “How did you do on the exam, David?”

David: “I barely passed. I made a hopeless mess of it. I don’t know why did so poorly.”

Tom: a. “Just try to forget about it.”

b. “It doesn’t matter.”

c. “Cheer up.”

d. “It’s not worth worrying about. You’ll do better next tim

e.”

11. If your English teacher uses a Latin word you don’t know, you might say:

a. “Please repeat.”

b. “I am sorry. What did you say just now?”

c. Nothing and pretend that you have understoo

d.

d. “I’m sorry, I didn’t understand what you said. Could you please repeat that last word?”

12. Xiao Li works as a secretary in the International Computer Engineering Corporation. One day she worked very late. Her boss said to her, “Thanks a lot. You were a big help.” Xiao Li replies:

a. “It’s my pleasure.”

b. “Never mind.”

c. “You’re welcome.”

d. “Oh. It’s nothing.”

13. One of your foreign friends gives you a gift. Friend: “Here is a little something for you. I hope that you like it.” You:

a. “That’s very nice of you. Oh, that’s just what I want. Thanks a lot.”

b. “Oh, you really shouldn’t have gone to the expense.”

c. “No, no, I really can’t accept it.”

d. “Oh. I have had such a thing already.”

14. In London, you want to go to the Heathrow Airport by taxi, you say to the taxi man:

a. “Excuse me, would you possibly take me to Heathrow Airport?”

b. “Excuse me, would you mind taking me to Heathrow Airport?”

c. “Heathrow airport, please.”

d. “Would you please take me to Heathrow airport?”

15. After visiting a scenic spot. Tourist: “Thank you very much for what you’ve done.” Tourist guide:

a. “Not at all. It was the least I could do.”

b. “Not at all. It’s my duty.”

c. “It was my pleasure.”

d. “Never mind.”

Part Two Case Analysis

Directions：Based on the reading The Homecoming, write an essay with 400-500 words, explaining what actually makes Lan different or even disappointing from the expectations of her family members for the long-awaited homecoming? What could Lan or members of her family have done to make the visit more successful?

The Homecoming

Hong, a college student from an ordinary family from one of the smaller cities in Jiangsu Province, was wild with joy when her older sister Lan told her she would return home for a two week visit after living in the US for six years, first as a student and now as an employee of a San Francisco company. Hong remembered all

the letters and phone calls from her sister and knew that Lan had been lonely in America.

Even though Lan was only going to be home for two weeks, the whole family regarded this reunion as of prime importance. Lan, too, had been looking forward to returning home for years, but until now lack of funds, rules and regulations about visas and the demands of study and work had kept her away. Even though the expense was considerable, Hong, her parents and several other relatives traveled to Shanghai to meet Lan’s plane. Once they returned home, there was a big celebration as this was the Spring Festival season as well as Lan’s homecoming.

Soon, however, everyone was not as happy as they had expected. Lan was impatient when her friends and acquaintances came to visit her one after another. They wanted her to tell them story after story about her life in the US. Lan also started to complain about life in China, finding fault with the streets, department stores and television programs, among other things.

“Hone, how can you bear these freezing winter days in this cold house? Only one heater is not enough. Why don’t you buy three, one for each room? ” She asked as she walked restlessly from one room to the other shivering with cold. Hon g forced a smile and said, “We cannot afford that yet, as you surely know.” Lan said nothing more but a subtle look of disdain appeared on her face.

Once while cooking with her mother in the kitchen, she became annoyed with the difficulties of preparin g a meal. She said, “My goodness. The water is unbearably cold. In every American home, you can make the tap water any temperature you want. I think you should try to make your life better.” The mother looked into her daughter’s disapproving eyes, said not hing and left the kitchen in a hurry to hide her tears.

Lan’s mother and father insisted that Lan buy some small gifts for her old friends and former teachers or at least invite them to a restaurant for dinner. Every time they suggested this, Lan objec ted. “Why should I spend money on them? That’s my money. I earn it and spend it as I choose. In America no one is forced to spend their money to save face for the family.” As she raised her voice, Hong could hardly believe that she was the same person who had been so kind and considerate years before. What had become of her dear elder sister?

What surprised Hong most, however, was when she heard her sister talking to her American boyfriend on the phone. She knew she should respect Lan’s privacy, but she could not resist peeping through the keyhole into the next room. Shivers ran down her spine as she saw and heard her sister weeping and revealing her suffering to that American man over the telephone.

On the day Lan left, Hong had mixed feelings. She was sad because she felt she and Lan now belonged to two different worlds, but she was glad that Lan was able to return to her American life, as it was clear that she now preferred the US to home.

When it was time to say good-bye, Lan was confused. She did not love her family or her motherland any less, so what went wrong?

Part Three Reading Comprehension

Directions：Read the following passage and answer the questions.

People learn to think, feel, believe, and act as they do because of the messages that have been communicated to them, and those messages all bear the stamp of culture. This omnipresent quality of culture leads Hall to conclude that “there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture”. In many ways, Hall is correct: culture is everything and everywhere. And more important, at least for our purposes, culture governs and defines the conditions and circumstances under which various messages may or may not be sent, noticed, or interpreted. Remember, we are not born knowing how to dress, what toys to play with, what to eat, which gods to worship, or how to spend our money and our time. Culture is both teacher and textbook. Culture plays a dominant role in our lives. When cultures differ, communication practices may also differ. In modern society different people communicate in different ways, as do people in different societies around the world; and the way people communicate is the way they live. It is their culture. Who talks with whom? How? And about what? These are questions of communication and culture. Communication and culture are inseparable.

Because culture conditions us toward one particular mode of communication over another, it is imperative that we understand how culture operates as a first step toward improving intercultural communication.

As was the case with communication, many definitions have been suggested for culture. They range from

all-encompassing (包容一切的) ones (“it is everything”) to narrower ones (“it is opera, art, and ballet”), but none of them seems to be able to tell us everything about culture. The following definitions are just some of the well-known ones.

“Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks.” (Sapir, 1921)

“What really binds men together is their culture --- the ideas a nd the standards they have in common.” (R. Benedict, 1935)

“Culture is man’s medium; there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture. This means personality, how people express themselves (including shows of emotions), the way they think, how they move, how problems are solved, how their cities are planned and laid out, how transportation systems function and are organized, as well as how economic and government systems are put together and function.” (Edward T. Hall, 1959)

“A culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns, and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.” (D. Brown, 1978)

Questions:

1. How do you understand the statement “Culture is both teacher and textbook” ?

2. Among the four definitions of culture mentioned in the passage, whose definition do you prefer? And why?

跨文化交际自测试题第三套考试方式：开卷（）闭卷（√）共页

Part One Multiple Choice

Directions: For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English.

1. On the way home, a student addresses his cousin Li Ming in English:

a. “Hello, cousin!”

b. “Hello, Li Ming!”

2. In the office of the English Department

An English student studying in China is telephoning the secretary of the department.

Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Li Ming, please.”

Song: a. “I’m Li Ming.”

b. “This is me.”

c. “Li Ming is speaking.”

3. In the students’ dormitory

Andrew: “ Would you like to watch a football match?”

Xiao Zhang: a. “I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.”

b. “I haven’t finished my homework yet.”

c. “ Excuse me, but I’m not free.”

4. At a friend’s home in England. A Chinese student gives a birthday present to her English friend. Mary: “Thank you. It’s beautiful.”

Xiao Zhao: a. “Really? Do you like it?”

b. “Don’t mention it. It’s only a small thing.”

c. “I’m glad you like it.”

5. At a bus stop

Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus goes to London Road, please?

Woman: Sorry, I’ve no ideas.

Man: a. It doesn’t matter.

b. Oh.

c. Thank you anyway.

6. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda.

Joyce: “Do you mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?”

Brenda: a. You’re welcome.

b. I don’t care.

c. I don’t min

d.

d. No, not at all.

7. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says:

a. This way, please.

b. Come here!

c. Follow me!

d. Move on!

8. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr Smith. He went to his place, entered the room and said:

a. You’re not busy, I hope.

b. Got a minute?

c. Can I have a word with, Mr Smith.

d. I’m terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr.Smith.

9. You’re visiting a new British friend. His house is very beautiful. Do you _______

a. tell him how beautiful it is ?

b. ask how much it costs?

c. ask if he’ll take you round every room?

10. You’ve arranged to meet a friend at 2pm. But you missed the train and you know you’ll be at least two hours late. Do you ________

a. decide not to meet your friend, and phone him the next day?

b. phone him, apologize and tell him you’ll be late?

c. decide not to phone, and just arrive late?

11. A British friend is having dinner at your house. His plate is empty. You offer him more food and he says no. Do you ___

a. keep offering until he says yes?

b. just put the food on his plate without asking again?

c. offer once more, then give up if he says no?

12. You’re at a party and have just been introduced to someone. While you are talking, he mentions that his wife is not at the party. Do you ________

a. ask where his wife is?

b. change the subject?

c. ask if he gets on well with his wife?

13. You’re in a railway carriage. A stranger is sitting beside you. It’s very hot and you’d like the window open. Do you ___

a. open it without asking the other person?

b. ask the other person to open the window?

c. ask the other person if you can open the window?

14. Mrs. Li has been having lunch with Mrs. Sullivan. Mrs. Li has just explained that she has to leave.

a. Do you really have to go, Mrs.Li? Couldn’t you at least stay for another cup of coffee?

b. Oh, no, you can’t.

c. Oh come on. You’ve got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?

d. Well, it’s still early. There’s no hurry.

15. You’ve just been asked out to dinner but you don’t want to go with the person wh o invited you. You might say: a. I don’t think so. I already have plans.

b. No, I really don’t enjoy being with you.

c. I’m dieting so I mustn’t go out to eat.

d. Thanks a lot, but I’m busy tonight.

Part Two Case Analysis

Directions：Based on the reading Dinner with friends, write an essay with 400-500 words, explaining the differences in food culture contributing to the communication difficulties. What advice can you give to both couples to help them further their friendship?

Dinner with Friends

Janice is a young American engineer working for a manufacturing joint venture near Nanjing. She and her husband George, who is teaching English at a university, are learning Chinese and enjoying their new life. They have been eager to get to know Chinese peopl e better so were pleased when Liu Ling, Janice’s young co-worker invited them to her home for dinner.

When Janice and George arrived, Ling introduced them to her husband Yang Feng, asked them to sit down at a table containing 8 plates of various cold dishes, served them tea and then disappeared with her husband into the kitchen. After a few minutes Ling came back and added water to their tea. Janice offered to help in the kitchen but Ling said she didn’t need help. She invited the couple to look at thei r new CD player and their color TV and then disappeared again.

A half-hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Yang Feng came in from time to time to put dish after hot dish on the table. Most of the food was wonderful but neither George nor Janice could eat the fatty pork in pepper sauce or the sea cucumbers, and there was much more than they could eat. They kept wishing Yang Feng would sit down so they could talk to him. Finally he did sit down to eat a bit, but quickly turned on the TV to show them all its high tech features. Soon it was time to go home.

George and Janice felt slightly depressed by this experience, but returned the invitation two weeks later. They decided to make a nice American meal and felt lucky to find olives, tomato juice, crackers and even some cheese in the hotel shops. They put these out as appetizers. For the main course they prepared spaghetti and a salad with dressing made from oil, vinegar and some spices they found in the market.

When Liu Ling and Yang Feng arrived they were impressed by the apartment and asked the price of the TV, video player, vacuum cleaner and other things. Janice politely refused to answer their questions. They took small tastes of the appetizers and seemed surprised when both George and Janice sat down with them. They ate only a little spaghetti and did not finish the salad on their plates. George urged them to eat more but they refused and looked around expectantly. Janice and George talked about their families and jobs and asked the Chinese couple about theirs. After a while, George cleaned the table and served coffee and pastries. Yang Feng and Ling each put four spoons of sugar into their coffee but did not drink much of it and ate only a bite or two of pastry.

Af ter they left, George said that at least they had a chance to talk, but Janice was upset. “We left their place so full that we couldn’t walk and they’re going to have to eat again when they get home. What went wrong?”

Part Three Reading Comprehension

Directions：Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Can A Chinese Young Lady Become An American Woman?

Environments significantly influence one’s cognition, effect, and behavior. One feels the impact of the different culture especially when one comes into a foreign country. Shen-Lan, who is from Taiwan, was satisfied for her first twenty-five years of life because she was surrounded by the people who have loved her and whom she has loved. Her friends used to ask her why she looked very happy all time. Even though her parents limited her behavior or activities because of social bias, she accepted those controls because she understood her parents really loved her. Also, her parents did everything for her, such as taking care of her, cooking for her and making decisions for her. She complied with what her parents expected. She had never left home before she came to America. When she came to America, culture shock obviously influenced her self-concept, self-esteem, and self-presentation.

In Chinese culture, she was taught to be interdependent. She had to care not only about herself but also about the people who were around her, for example parents, siblings, and friends, even neighbors. However, in American society, she noticed that everyone was very independent, and minded his or her own business, and nobody cared about one another. Because she did not want to get hurt, she knew that she had to make some changes. In her self-concept, she changed her interdependent view to an independent view.

Using a different language, the major reason for culture shock, really injured her self-esteem. Shen-Lan graduated from a well-known university in Taiwan, and she felt proud of that. When she came to America, she was supposed to be good at English, but she was not. After this realization, she tried to study hard in English to match her standards. However, she had studied English for one year, yet she did not improve greatly. She lacked self-confidence to speak English, so her self-esteem decreased.

The change in self-concept and self-esteem was reflected in her self-presentation. Because Shen-Lan wanted

to become independent, and she was afraid that she disturbed others with her personal problems, so she began to isolate herself. For English, she did not give up because of her high goal to meet her own and the expectations of others. She tried to avoid talking to her friends who speak the same language though she felt lonesome. She recognized and learned the new cultural rules and expressed it through a different self-presentation.

The three social self-components of Shen-Lan: self-concept, self-esteem, and self-presentation were influenced by culture shock. Shen-Lan tried to be independent, became aware of her self-esteem,

and learned American behavior. Right now, she starts to think about having a pet. Can she become

an American woman? After a few years, we will see.

Questions：

1. What culture shock did Shen-Lan experience?

2. What changes took place in her? How could she have avoided or lessened the culture shock?

跨文化交际自测试题第四套考试方式：开卷（）闭卷（√）共页

Part One Multiple Choice

Directions:For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English.

1. Mr. Green’s secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr. Barnes for her boss.

Miss Kent: a. Excuse me, would you be Mr. Barnes?

b. Are you Mr. Barnes?

c. Excuse me, would you please tell me if you are Mr. Barnes?

d. You are Mr. Barnes, aren’t you?

2. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would he say?

a. Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?

b. Can’t you stay without smoking?

c. It’s not OK.

d. No, of course not.

3. Wu Hua had a question to ask his foreign teacher. He went to Professor James’ place. After he got the answer, he got up to leave and said _______.

a. Well, that’s clear—thank you very much.

b. Well, I’ve got to go now.

c. OK. Thanks.

d. I’m afraid I must go now.

4. If someone offers you some food that you really don’t like you might say:

a. I’m fed up.

b. I don’t care for that.

c. Sure. I’d love some more.

d. Thanks, but I’m really full.

5.Miss Wells has been late for school quite often recently.After class,her teacher,Professor Johnson talks to her.

Prof. Johnson: Miss Wells. I’m sorry to have to mentio n this, but could you possibly try to be a little earlier in the morning? This is the third time you’ve been late this week. Wells said ________.

a. Oh, I’m awfully sorry, Professor Johnson, but I really will try to be on time.

b. Oh, dear! I’m sorry, Prof essor Johnson.

c. Ok, I’m sure to come earlier next time.

d. Please excuse me this tim

e. I won’t be late next time.

6. Tom is talking to his school-mate, David.

Tom: How did you do in the exam, David?

David: I barely passed. I made a hopelessness of it. I don’t know why I did so badly. Tom said ______.

a. Just try to forget about it.

b. It’s not worth worrying about. You’ll do better next time.

c. It doesn’t matter.

d. Cheer up.

7. When you are invited for the first time to the Browns’ house and offered a c up of coffee, you ______.

a. should rise and receive it.

b. should rise and say “Thank you.”

c. should make a slight rising movement.

d. can remain seated and receive it with a smile and say “Thank you.”

8. If you were invited to an American friend’s house for dinner, what would be the best time to arrive?

a. 15 minutes later than the appointed time.

b. 15 minutes earlier than the appointed time.

c. On time or 5 minutes late.

d. One hour earlier than the appointed tim

e.

9. An American teacher meets Li Hong, a girl student of English, and says to her, “You look very pretty in the new dress.” Li is supposed to answer _______________.

a. “No, no, not at all.”

b. “I haven’t got any good dresses.”

c. “Thank you. In fact my mother bought it for me.”

10. A speaker is supposed to finish his public speech by saying ________________.

a. “What I have said is just for your reference.”

b. “Thank you for your attention.”

c. “Sorry to have wasted too much of your precious time.”

11. Hosts are supposed to say to their English-speaking guests at the beginning of a dinner _____.

a. “Sorry this is just a plain meal. We cannot cook well.”

b. “We are very glad to have you as our guests today.”

c. “You must be very hungry now. Please eat.”

12. When you hear a shop assistant in Engl and say “ Can I help you?” in the shop where you are visiting, you are supposed to respond by

a. just asking, “How much is …?”

b. replying, “Yes, please. I’m looking for …?”

c. saying nothing at all and leaving the shop after a while.

13. When you meet an old American friend at the train station or airport, it is NOT appropriate for you to say:

a. “You must be very tired.”

b. “Hi, how nice to meet you.”

c. “Did you have a pleasant journey here?”

14.If an English friend insists on paying for a dinner you have together in a restaurant,you are supposed to

say:

a. “No, no. You are too generous.”

b. “It’s very kind of you. Thank you very much.”

c. “Let me have the bill.” (you snatch the bill from the waiter.)

15. An English friend says to a Chinese student who is returning to China soon, “Here is some little thing for you. I hope you like it.” The Chinese student is supposed to answer _____________.

a. No, no, I really cannot accept it.

b. No, no, no. You shouldn’t do that.

c. That’s very nice of you ….

Part Two Case Analysis

Directions：Based on the reading Can we Talk About It, write an essay with 400-500 words, explaining the differences between Jiang’s family life in China and Linda’s family in Canada, which might have contributed to their misunderstanding. What advice would you give to each of these women to help them avoid similar misunderstandings in the future?

Can we Talk About It?

Linda lives in a Canadian city with her two-year-old adopted Chinese daughter Ming. Linda is a busy professional woman and a single parent who wants her daughter to speak Chinese and know the culture she was born into. For this reason Linda invites new Chinese immigrants to live in a spare bedroom in her house. She always interviews prospective housemates before they move in. She wants to avoid any misunderstandings by making her expectations clear, and she wants everyone who lives in the house to benefit. Among other things, she wants to see how Ming likes any new person who might live with them. She expects a new resident in her home to agree to share housework and to speak Chinese to Ming. In exchange Linda agrees to help with English and any other problems the newly arrived immigrant might face in adapting to life in Canada.

Linda liked 32-year-old Jiang, an engineer from northeast China, immediately when she came for her interview, and so did Ming. Jiang thought this would be an ideal place to spend the six months she had to wait until her husband and 4-year-old son could join her. They lived with Jiang’s parents where she and her husband had lived since they married. She had never lived apart from her parents except when she lived in a university dormitory, so she was pleased to be able to live with a family. She readily agreed to everything Linda said during the interview.

After a few weeks Linda noticed that Jiang seldom did any housework. She did not even clean up after herself, so Linda had more housework than before Jiang moved in. Linda helped Jiang with English and job applications, and practiced job interviews with her. At the same time Jiang did not seem to spend more time with Ming.

Linda gave Jiang some lighthearted reminders such as joking about how she hates housework or saying, “Ming, tell me what you and Aiyee did this afternoon.”

This did not produce any positive results, so Linda decided to discuss the problem directly. One evening at the kitchen table Linda said, “I think we have some crossed lines of communication. I understood that we had a certain agreement between us, but you obviously understood something different. Can we talk about it?”

Jiang was silent and stared at the table.

Linda tried again: “I hoped you would spend more time with Ming. You two got along so well at first. She likes you and is disappointed that you don’t play with her.”

Jiang did not say anything. She did not look at Linda. Her body stiffened, her face turned red, and she stared at the floor.

Linda tried again. “I’m not angry, just confused, tell me what you’re thinking, I want to understand your point of vie w.”

More silence.

Finally Linda could not tolerate Jiang’s silence any longer. She was angry when she said, “You know, in this culture it’s very rude to stay silent when someone is trying very hard to resolve a misunderstanding.”

The next day Linda went to see her friend Qian, who had lived in Canada for over a year. Qian listened to Linda’s story and said, “She is angry!” This was a surprise to Linda.

“What is she angry about? Why won’t she talk to me?”

Linda never found out. Jiang moved out soon after.

Part Three Reading Comprehension

Directions：Read the following passage and answer the questions.

In China, it is the parents, usually the father, who make all important decisions for the children. It is the father, for example, who will usually make decisions concerning what and where the children should study. This is in marked contrast to Australian families where children play an increasingly important role in deciding such matters as they grow older. This independence is also shown in the Australian custom of children leaving home to live independently of their parents long before marriage. There are few if any opportunities for young people to set up independently in this fashion in China. Indeed, the Australian practice in this regard can be seen from a Chinese perspective to indicate that Australians do not care about their families. Australian children are more likely to be expected to work while they are studying than their Chinese counterparts. This can also apply to household chores, with Chinese parents expecting their offspring to devote their time to their studies. Children may be excused such duties right up to marriage, so that married life can sometimes come as a rude awakening to the need to cook and clean.

Whereas in Australia students may work during the holidays or part-time during term, such activity is rare in China. The situation has changed somewhat since the end of the 1980s, with some students taking work as tutors or providing various services such as dressmaking. But the initial public reaction was one of shock. It is then, still viewed as primarily the parents’ responsibility to support their children while they are pursuing their education. Money spent in this way is under no circumstances regarded as a loan, to be repaid when the children finish their education and have secured a job. University students in Australia also receive financial assistance from their parents and there is in some families an understanding that this will be repaid once they are financially independent. To many Chinese this may smack (带有…味道)of lack of love and family feeling.

The Australian emphasis on fostering independence in children from an early age runs counter to the Chinese view. Chinese children are not expected to be autonomous of their families to the same extent, with dependence on parents up to the time they are married. Dependence is the inevitable corollary and not something to be shed as soon as possible but the expression of strong family bonds of affection. Questions：

1. What would you think of the Australian practice of letting children live independently?

2. How would you regard Chinese dependence as the expression of strong family bonds of affection?

跨文化交际自测试题第五套考试方式：开卷（）闭卷（√）共页

Part One Multiple Choice

Directions:For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English.

1. When you are asked to sit on a sofa in an English home, it is appropriate for you to say _____.

a. No, no, I’ll sit here. (Sitting down on a chair.)

b. No, no, this chair is perfectly all right. You sit there.

c. Thank you. (Taking a seat; you don’t choose to be modest.)

2. Asked by a western host to make a choice of drink, you normally say ____________.

a. No, no, no. Don’t bother. (Actually you are thirsty.)

b. Up to you. (Hoping to make things easier for the host.)

c. Tea, please. (Tea is also offered and you prefer it.)

3. Which of the following is NOT a usual birthday greeting in western culture?

a. A happy birthday to you.

b. Wish you a long life.

c. Many happy returns of the day.

4. How would a host indicate to a guest that it was time to leave?

a. The host would announce: “It’s time to leave.”

b. The host would start cleaning up.

c. The host would start yawning.

d. The host wouldn’t say anything, so the guest would leave at a time he thought was reasonabl

e.

5. At a dinner, you can begin to eat

a. when the guests sitting beside you begin.

b. when the hostess says: “Let’s begin.”

c. when the main course is serve

d.

d. when the hostess picks up her own spoon or fork.

6．At a party or social occasion, when it was time for you to leave someone’s home, which of the following is not true?

a. You would say: “It’s getting late and I’d better be going.”

b. You would wait until the host said something.

c. You would say: “I’m sorry, I have to leave now.”

d. You would make up an excuse (

e.g. I have to get up early tomorrow, etc.) and thank the hosts.

7. Xiao Li works as a secretary in the International Computer Engineering Corporation. One day she worked very late. Her boss said to her: “Thanks a lot. That’s a great help.” Xiao Li replied _______.

a. “It’s my pleasure.”

b. “Never mind.”

c. “ You’re welcome.”

d. “Oh, it’s nothing.”

8. Meeting unexpectedly a friend he hadn’t seen for years, Jim voiced his surprise ______________.

a. No!

b. Yes!

c. Oh!

d. Hey!

9. Mrs. Mailer is talking with a neighbor about her daughter.

Neighbor: Your daughter is a normal school student, isn’t she?

Mrs. Mailer: a. Yes, I hope her to become a teacher.

b. Yes, I hope that she will become a teacher.

10. In a restaurant, a customer is asking a waiter where he could wash his hands.

The customer: a. Excuse me, where is the W.C.?

b. Excuse me, where is the rest room?

11. At a party, Home and Derek are waiting for their friend, who promised to come.

Home: I don’t suppose he will come. It’s late.

Derek: a. I think so.

b. I doubt it.

12. At home, Mrs. Cater hears a knock on the door and goes to answer it.

Mrs. Cater:

a. Who are you?

b. Who is it?

c. Who?

13. On a bus: Mrs. William is taking a bus to York Avenue which is two stops ahead. She is asking the way. Mrs. William: Conductor, I’m going to York Avenue. Can you tell me where to get off?

The conductor: a. You have to take a ride of two stops.

b. You can get off at the next stop but one.

14. Mr. Maxwell comes to his boss’ office. He is to discuss some problems.

Boss: Do you need my help?

Maxwell: a. No, I come here not to ask for your help.

b. No, I don’t come here to ask for your help.

15. Henry has spent hours helping Li’s expe riment in the lab.

Li: a. Thank you! I really appreciate your help.

b. I’m so sorry to have wasted a lot of your time.

Part Two Case Analysis

Directions：Based on the reading What is True Friendship？, write an essay with 400-500 words, explaining the different understanding of friendship between Australians and Chinese. Give advice to Cathy and Yang to help them restore their friendship.

What is True Friendship？

Yang worked as a secretary in an Australian company in Melbourne. She became friendly with one of the Australian secretaries, a woman named Cathy. The two usually ate lunch together and Yang often asked Cathy for advice on problems she faced adjusting to Australian society. Cathy gave her a lot of advice and helped her move from one apartment to another. Cathy went with Yang to the Immigration Bureau several times to help sort out some problems. Yang visited Cathy several times at home but did not invite Cathy to her apartment because she shared it with four other people. If they did not see each other over the weekend, they usually talked on the telephone. As Yang was also preparing to take an English test, she was able to get a lot of help with English in this way.

However, something seemed to be going wrong. Cathy seemed to be getting impatient, even a little cold. She started going out by herself at lunchtime instead of eating with Yang, and seemed reluctant to answer questions. Yang was puzzled. She couldn’t imagine what the problem was.

Part Three Reading Comprehension

Directions：Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Chinese make a clear distinction between insiders and outsiders, and this distinction exists on all levels of interpersonal interaction. Insiders consist of people from two categories: automatic and selected. Automatic insiders include one’s parents, siblings, relatives, colleagues, and classmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere. For example, a person is considered an insider at work after he or she has developed a special relationship by helping others and sharing information with the others. The five common criteria of an insider are nice, trustworthy, caring, helpful, and empathetic.

The distinction between an insider and an outsider provides specific rules of interaction in Chinese interpersonal relationships. Insiders often are treated differently from outsiders and a person with insider status often enjoys privileges and special treatment beyond an outsider’s comprehension. To illustra te, a Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider, but an outsider has to follow the rules. The insider-outsider distinction also involves moral implication. In the Chinese culture, moral judgments are not only cognitively but affectively(情感地) based. Moral stands tend to vary from one relationship to another.

Family-centered “insider” relationships have two important implications for relationship development with strangers (i.e., outsiders). First, as King and Band argue, the importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system make it difficult to develop personal relationships with strangers. In the Chinese culture, the transformation from a wai ren (outsider) to a zi ji ren (insider) involves an arduous and time-consuming process, because personal relationships often take a long time to develop. After a result in order to overcome the inherent difficulty in relationship development, intermediaries are widely used for social relationship construction. Second, the Chinese and other collectivistic cultures tend to be particularistic(专一主义的) in their utilization of value standards toward in-groups and out-groups. This particularistic principle of interpersonal relationships hinders interactions with outsiders because value standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups, and most Chinese don’t feel knowledgeable about dealing with outsiders.

Questions：

1. What is your opinion of Chinese concept “insider and outsider”?

2. What do you think Western people look at the relationship between insiders and outsiders in China?

跨文化交际自测试题第六套考试方式：开卷（）闭卷（√）共页

Part One Multiple Choice

Directions:For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English.

1. Lisa has accidentally upset a vase in Mrs. Tailor’s house.

Lisa: Oh, I’m so sorry.

Mr. Tailor: a. Don’t mention it.

b. Not at all.

c. I never like it anyway.

2. Sally, with her friend Hunag, has just arrived at a seaside city.

Sally: Would you like to see the sight today?

Huang: a. I would rather take a rest t oday, if you don’t mind.

b. No, I don’t like. But you can go alone, please.

3. In a restaurant, a waiter serves the last dish that a customer orders.

Waiter: a .Your order is complete, Sir.

b. Enjoy your dinner, Sir.

4. On a bus, when passengers get on the bus, the conductor asks them to pay for the ride.

The conductor: a. Buy tickets, please.

b. Fares, please.

5. Wang is visiting his friend, John, who is hospitalized.

Wang: The trouble with you is that you work too hard.

John: a. Oh, I would n’t say that.

b. Oh, I don’t say so.

6. At a bus-stop, Jane disagrees with Barbara’s remark on the weather.

Barbara: It’s very warm today, isn’t it?

Jane: a. No, it is not warm at all.

b. Well, I wouldn’t call it really warm.

c. It’s cold, I th ink.

7. Matthew offers an invitation to Liu, his Chinese fellow student.

Matthew: Would you care to have dinner with me tonight?

Liu: a. Oh, no, I really couldn’t accept it.

b. I like the idea, but I am afraid I have an appointment tonight.

c. No, I’m not free.

8. Mr. And Mrs. Joans have entertained Wu Hua, a Chinese student, in their home for a whole weekend. Mrs. Joans: I hope you have enjoyed your stay here.

Wu: a. Yes, it’s a wonderful weekend! Thank you very much.

b. But I feel sorry I’ve brou ght you a lot of inconvenience.

9. John is going to have a trip and Li is giving John a toast.

John: I’m leaving Shanghai tomorrow.

Li: a. Cheers!

b. Here’s to your trip.

10. You’ve arranged to meet a friend at 2.00. But you missed the train and you know you’ll be at least two hours late. Do you ______________.

a. decide not to meet your friend, and phone him the next day?

b. phone him, apologize and tell him you’ll be late?

c. decide not to phone, and just arrive late?

11. A British friend is having dinner at your house. His plate is empty. You offer him more food and he says no. Do you ___

a. keep offering until he says yes?

b. just put the food on his plate without asking again?

c. offer once more, then give up if he says no?

12. You’re at a party a nd have just been introduced to someone. While you are talking, he mentions that his wife is not at the party. Do you ________

a. ask where his wife is?

b. change the subject?

c. ask if he gets on well with his wife?

16. You’re in a railway carriage. A stranger is sitting beside you. It’s very hot and you’d like the window open. Do you ___．

a. open it without asking the other person?

b. ask the other person to open the window?

c. ask the other person if you can open the window?

17. Mrs. Li has been having lunch with Mrs. Sullivan. Mrs. Li has just explained that she has to leave.

a. Do you really have to go, Mrs.Li? Couldn’t you at least stay for another cup of coffee?

b. Oh, no, you can’t.

c. Oh come on. You’ve got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?

d. Well, it’s still early. There’s no hurry.

18. You’ve just been asked out to dinner but you don’t want to go with the person who invited you. You might say: a. I don’t think so. I already have plans.

b. No, I really don’t enjoy being with you.

c. I’m dieting so I mustn’t go out to eat.

d. Thanks a lot, but I’m busy tonight.

Part Two Case Analysis

Directions：Based on the reading Are You Mad at Me?, write an essay with 400-500 words, explaining the differences in what American and Chinese young people expect from their friends? Give advice to both Jeff and Ji on how to handle their relationship.

Are You Mad at Me?

Jeff was pleased to have been assigned an international student as his roommate in his second year at a small liberal arts college in the US. Ji Bing was an easy-going guy, a good listener, warm-hearted, and always ready for a new experience. He appreciated Jeff’s explanations of American life and unfamiliar language. Jeff didn’t think Ji Bing was any more difficult to get along with than th e American roommate he had the year before, except that he seemed to want to study more than Jeff was used to and he sometimes borrowed Jeff’s things without asking first.

One night Jeff was working on a project that required some artwork. Ji Bing was at his desk studying for a test. Jeff’s scissors were just too dull to do the job, so he asked Ji Bing, “Sorry to bother you while you’re studying, but could I use your scissors for a while?”

Ji said, “Sure,” opened his desk drawer and handed Jeff the scissors. “Thanks, thanks a lot,” Jeff said. A few minutes later Jeff decided that his crayons were not going to do the trick. He addressed his roommate again; “Sorry to bug you again, but these crayons make this look like kindergarten. You know those colo red pencils you have? Would it be OK if I used them for my project?”

Ji got up and got them off the shelf and said, “Help yourself,” and went back to reading as Jeff thanked him.

After another few minutes, Jeff said, “I must be driving you crazy, but have you got any glue or tape? Promise I’ll buy you another roll.”

Ji handed Jeff a role of tape that was on his desk saying, “Use as much as you want. I don’t need it.” “Appreciate it,” mumbled Jeff as he went back to his project.

Ji went back to his reading. As Jeff was finishing his project he noticed that Ji was watching him. He looked up and was surprised to hear his Chinese roommate ask him in a plaintive tone, “Are you angry at me?”

“Of course not,” Jeff replied, “what makes you think that?”

Part Three Reading Comprehension

Directions：Read the following passage and answer the questions.

People in low and high-context cultures tend to communicate differently with words. To Americans and Germans, words are very important, especially in contracts and negotiations.

People in high-context cultures, on the other hand, place more emphasis on the surrounding context than on the words describing a negotiation. A Greek sees a contract as a formal statement announcing the intention to build a business for the future. The Japanese treat contracts as statements of intention, and they

assume changes will be made as a project develops. The Mexican treat contracts as artistic exercises of what might be accomplished in an ideal world. They do not expect contracts to apply consistently in the real world. An Arab may be insulted by merely mentioning a contract; a man's word is more binding(有约束力的).

Americans tend to take words literally, while Latins enjoy playing on words and Arabs sometimes speak with extravagant or poetic figures of speech that may be misinterpreted if taken literally. Nigerians prefer a quiet, clear form of expression; and Germans tend to be direct but understated.

In communication style, Americans value straightforwardness, are suspicious of evasiveness, and distrust people who might have a "hidden agenda" or who "play their cards too close to the chest." Americans also tend to be uncomfortable with silence and impatient with delays. Some Asian businesspeople have learned that the longer they drag out negotiations, the more concessions impatient Americans are likely to make.

Western cultures have developed languages that use letters describing the sounds of words. But Asian languages are based on pictographical characters representing the meanings of words. Asian language characters are much more complex than the Western alphabet; therefore, Asians are said to have a higher competence in the discrimination of visual patterns.

North Americans consider time a precious commodity to be conserved. They correlate time with productivity, efficiency, and money. Keeping people waiting for business appointments wastes time and is also rude.

In other cultures, time may be perceived as an unlimited and never-ending resource to be enjoyed. An American businesswoman, for example, was kept waiting two hours past a scheduled appointment time in South America. She wasn't offended, though, because she was familiar with Hispanics' more relaxed concept of time.

Although Asians are punctual, their need for deliberation and contemplation(仔细考虑) sometimes clashes with our desire for speedy decisions. They do not like to rush. A Japanese businessperson considering the purchase of American appliances, for example, asked for five minutes to consider the seller's proposal. The potential buyer --- the Japanese, resumed his arms, sat back, and closed his eyes in concentration. A scant 18 seconds later, the American resumed his sales pitch to the obvious bewilderment of the Japanese buyer.

Questions:

1. What suggestions would you give to people from low context culture and high context culture when they are doing business together?

2. As an interpreter what would you do when an American businessman was upset because he was kept waiting one hour past the scheduled appointment time with a Chinese businessman?

跨文化交际自测试题第七套考试方式：开卷（）闭卷（√）共页

Part One Multiple Choice

Directions: For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English.

1. Tom is talking to his school-mate, David.

Tom: How did you do in the exam, David?

David: I barely passed. I made a hopeless ness of it. I don’t know why I did so badly.

Tom: a. Just try to forget about it.

b. It’s not worth worrying about. You’ll do better next time.

c. It doesn’t matter.

d. Cheer up.

2. When you are in vited for the first time to the Browns’ house and offered a cup of coffee, you __

a. should rise and receive it.

b. should rise and say “Thank you.”

c. should make a slight rising movement.

d. can remain seated and receive it with a smile and say “Thank you.”

3. If you were invited to an American friend’s house for dinner, what would be the best time to arrive?

a. 15 minutes later than the appointed time.

b. 15 minutes earlier than the appointed time.

c. On time or 5 minutes late.

d. One hour earlier than the appointed tim

e.

4. An American teacher meets Li Hong, a girl student of English, and says to her, “You look very pretty in the new dress.” Li is supposed to answer,

a. “No, no, not at all.”

b. “I haven’t got any good dresses.”

c. “Thank you. In fact my mother bought it for me.”

5. An English friend says to a Chinese student who is returning to China soon, “Here is some little thing for you. I hope you like it.” The Chinese student is supposed to answer __________.

a. No, no, I really cannot accept it.

b. No, no, no. You shouldn’t do that.

c. That’s very nice of you ….

6. At a dinner, you can begin to eat

a. when the guests sitting beside you begin.

b. when the hostess says: “Let’s begin.”

c. when the main course is serve

d.

d. when the hostess picks up her own spoon or fork.

7. At a party or social occasion, when it was time for you to leave someone’s home, what should you not do?

a. You would say: “It’s getting late and I’d better be going.”

b. You would wait until the host said something.

c. You would sa y: “I’m sorry, I have to leave now.”

d. You would make up an excuse (

e.g. I have to get up early tomorrow, etc.) and thank the hosts.

8. At home, Mrs. Cater hears a knock on the door and goes to answer it.

Mrs. Cater: a. Who are you?

b. Who is it?

c. Who?

9. On a bus, Mrs. William is taking a bus to York Avenue which is two stops ahead. She is asking the way.

Mrs. William: Conductor, I’m going to York Avenue. Can you tell me where to get off?

The conductor: a. You have to take a ride of two stops.

b. You can get off at the next stop but one.

10. In the office of the English Department

An English student studying in China is telephoning the secretary of the department:

Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Li Ming, please.”

Song: a. “I’m Li Ming.”

b. “This is me.”

c. “Li Ming is speaking.”

11. In the students’ dormitory

Andrew: “ Would you like to watch a football match?”

Xiao Zhang: a. “I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.”

b. “I haven’t finished my homework yet.”

c. “ Excuse me, but I’m not free.”

12. At a friend’s home in England.

A Chinese student gives a birthday present to her English friend:

Mary: “Thank you. It’s beautiful.”

Xiao Zhao: a. “Really? Do you like it?”

b. “Don’t mention it. It’s only a small thing.”

c. “I’m glad you like it.”

13. At a bus stop

Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus goes to London Road, please?

Woman: Sorry, I’ve no ideas.

Man: a. It doesn’t matter.

b. Oh.

c. Thank you.

14. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda.

Joyce: Do you mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?

Brenda: a. You’re welcome.

b. I don’t care.

c. I don’t min

d.

d. No, not at all.

15. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says:

a. This way, please.

b. Come here!

c. Follow me!

d. Move on!

Part Two Case Analysis

Directions：Based on the reading Too Close for Comfort, write an essay with 400-500 words, explaining touching in Chinese friendship groups to Bill. What advice would you give him?

Too Close for Comfort

Bill had just arrived from the US to study engineering at a Chinese university. He studied Chinese back at his home university and was confident that doing his graduate study at a Chinese university would give him an edge in taking advantage of future opportunities in the growing Chinese economy.

In the first few days he met and moved in with his roommate Zemin and met several of the students who lived in nearby dormitory rooms. Most of them were also studying engineering but had little experience with Americans. He usually went to the student cafeteria with them and they were very helpful in showing him around and in gently correcting his classroom Chinese.

One evening he settled in for his first study session in his room. After a time Zemin left to visit another room where friends were listening to a radio broadcast. Bill said he would join him later. Wen Bill decided to take a break and see what the “g uys”were up to, he found Zemin and two other boys huddled over the radio.

跨文化交际试题 附答案

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

翻译研究的语篇分析模式及其意义(二)

英语知识 一、导论 20 世纪90 年代,语篇分析开始在翻译研究中占主导地位。语篇分析法侧重于描述语言意义交流及建立社会和权力关系的运作方式。翻译研究中, 最具影响力的语篇分析模式当数礼德的系统功能语篇分析。语篇分析模式引入翻译研究后,对翻译研究那种众说纷纭,莫衷一是的混乱局面无疑注入了一塘清水,尤其对中国翻译界挥之不去的语文学式的翻译研究产生了重要影响。西方翻译研究者把语篇分析引入翻译研究后,已经取得了重要进展,出版了几部重要作品,主要有:J uliane House 的《翻译质量评估模式:一种重访模式》( Translation QualityAssessment : A Model Revisited ) ,[ 1 ]Mona Baker 的《换言之: 翻译教程》( In Other Words : A CourseBook on Translation ) ,[ 2 ] Bell 的《翻译的理论与实践》( Translation and Translating ) ,[ 3 ] Basil Hatim和Ian Mason 合著的《语篇与译者》( Discourse andthe Translator ) [ 4 ] 和《作为交际者的译者》(The ranslator as Communicator ) ,[ 5 ] Basil的《跨文化交际—翻译理论与对比篇章语言学》(Communication across Cultures : Translation Theoryand Cont rastive ) 。[6 ] J uliane House 通过对原文和译文进行语域对比分析以确定译作评估模式,并分析了显性翻译(overt translation) 和隐形翻译(coverttranslation) 。显性翻译自称不是翻译,隐形翻译则被定义为在译语文化中享有和源语文本平等的地位。Baker 探讨了翻译中语言各层次尤其是语篇和语用层次上的对等。Basil Hatim 和Ian Mason 将符号层上的语篇融入其翻译研究模式,代表了更广泛意义上的话语观。在我国,将语篇分析模式引入翻译研究的应首推黄国文和美芳二教授。黄国文在《外语与外语

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跨文化交际习题

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在日本，自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料？ A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答： B 参考答案： B 3. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性

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跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题

跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题

Test Paper Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.G enerally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.G enerally speaking, in terms of world views, the We st adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopts holistic view 3.G enerally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes Ⅱ. Choose the best answer: 1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.D A.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, man B.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silence C.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, man D.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence 2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective inform ation. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.C A. adjective, objective B. Chinese, Western C. impression, information C. indirect, direct 3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.B A. basically good; basically bad B. evil but perfectible, basically good C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil; D. unknown 4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.D A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature

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谈话的气氛很好，可是慢慢地Mark发现，这位女士正在慢慢地后退。她看上去明显很不安。正当Mark想跟她谈论一下澳洲人的风俗时，一位不远处的男士看了那位女士一眼，她如释重负地走过去开始和那位男士聊起来，留下Mark一个人疑惑地站在那里。

二、请用单一制时间观和多元制时间观来分析以下案例： 【案例2】 德国外教Nowak经常去一中国菜摊买菜，因为她的摊子品种多、态度好。这天他挑好了一颗西兰花，正犹豫再买点什么，听到摊主又在招呼其他顾客，他等了一会儿。只见摊主手脚麻利地给其他两个刚来的顾客过称、装袋、收钱。好容易轮到他，摊主一边为他称菜，一边又在试图招呼其他人。Nowak不高兴地说：“我是先来的，你应该先服务好我。”摊主笑着回答：“我看你半天没吱声，以为你还想挑点什么呢。我这不来了吗？！”Nowak回家的路上，一直觉得自己在这里是“老外”，太容易被人欺负了。 三、请用个体主义和集体主义价值观来分析以下案例： 【案例3】 飞利浦照明公司某区人力资源副总裁（美国人）与一位被认为具有发展潜力的中国员工交谈，想听听这位员工对自己今后五年的职业发展规划及期望达到的位置。中国员工并没有正面回答问题，而是开始谈论起公司未来的发展方向、公司的晋升体系，以及目前他本人在组织中的位置等，讲了半天也没有正面回答副总裁的问题。副总裁有些大惑不解，没等他说完已经有些不耐烦了，因为同样的事情之前已经发生了好几次，“我不过是想知道这为员工对于自己未来五年发展的打算，想要在飞利浦做到什么样的职位罢了，可为何就不能得到明确的回答呢”谈话结束后，副总忍不住向人力资源总监抱怨道，同时受到压力的员工也向总监诉苦，“这位老外怎么这么咄咄逼人？”作为人力资源总监，他明白双方之间不同的文化背景及由此引发的不同的沟通方式引起了隔阂，虽然极力向双方辩解，但要完全消除已经产生的问题却并不容易。 四、自行寻找案例，用中西思维方式的差异分析中西写作表达习惯的差异。

跨文化交际与翻译真题·

跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业 一、案例分析(答题说明：每题10分，合计10.0分。) 1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college. Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing? Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues. Bill: Oh, have a good time? Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened? Bill: What? Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put them away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them. I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken. 参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West 三、跨文化单选(答题说明：每题1分，合计15.0分。) C22. Cathy is talking to her friends Bill and Tod outside the cinema. Cathy: Well, what did you think of the film, then? Bill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn’t you think so?

跨文化交际期末

定义题 1. What is “intercultural communication”? P6 refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. There are three kinds of things you need to learn if you want to be able to communicate effectively with Westerners. First, you need to learn a foreign language, usually English. Second, you should learn as much as possible about Western cultures. However, studying English language and Western culture is not enough. You should also learn something about what happens when people from different cultures try to communicate with each other —in other words, "intercultural communication." 2.What is a culture? P13 A culture is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 3.What are stereotypes?P13 Stereotypes means very broad generalizations such as “British people are polite,”“Americans are friendly”, and so forth. It is a derogatory word. It means that image, idea, character that has become fixed or standardized in a conventional form without individuality and is therefore false and shallow. Stereotypes may have a basis in fact, but they are too broad and shallow, and they give us the mistaken idea that a people’s culture can be summed up easily in a few short , simple statements. Stereotypes are also dangerous because they may trick us into believing that knowing a few stereotypes is the same thing as understanding another culture. 4.What does “interpretation” means?P24 A very important aspect of intercultural communication is “interpretation”, t he process of deciding what foreigners’ words and actions mean and why they do what they do. For example, when Xiao Li tries to understand why the taxi driver asked for so much money, she is “interpreting” his behavior. 5.I n dividualist p32 Individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and emphasize the needs of individuals. In general, Western culture tends to be individualist. They view themselves as independent of collectives; are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contacts they have established with others; give priority to their personal goals over the goals of others; and emphasize rational analyses of the advantages and disadvantages to associating with others. 6.Collectivist P32 Collectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. Most Asian cultures, including China's, tend to be collectivist. People see themselves as parts of one or more collectives; are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, those collectives; are willing to give priority to the goals of

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Part ⅠDecide whether the following 10 statements are True or False. Write the answers in the blanks. (2% for each, 20%) 1. People do not exchange greetings with people almost every day. 2. If you want to know where a person was born, you can ask “Where are you originally from?” 3. For women, in more informal business situations, should dress in a conservative suit or a well tailored dress. 4. Conversations about children and family usually do not have their place in “networking ” situations for business. 5. At conventions, it is absolutely necessary to participate or at least make an appearance at most organized functions. 6. If you are the hostess, don ’t insist that someone else drink and don ’t over serve. 7. There are enough people in the world who have problems mastering vehicles and phones individually. 8. It is advisable not to wear the earpiece when we are not on the phone. 9. Overdrinking alcohol can lower a person ’s inhibitions and alter his judgment. 10. Most meetings are unnecessary; they are just a way of making people feel important. Part Ⅱ Translate the following sentences into English. (3% for each, 15%) 1. 在地球村里，国家就像一个大家庭，各大洲就像是邻居。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

跨文化交际试题

1.Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在), they are .（D ） A. new technology and information system B. changes in the world’s population C. a shift in the world’s economic arena D. A, B and C 2.___C___ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world. A. Show business B. I.T. C. international film industry D. Mass media 3.__A____ in the United States, because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact. A. Schools B. Community C. Workplace D. club 4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____. A. the complex nature of communication B. the issue of intentionality C. the issue of unintentionality D. A, B and C 5. To Reusch and Bateson, communication often takes place __A___. A. without awareness B. consciously C. intentionally D. deliberately 6. Which of the statements of communication is not true? D A. Communication is dynamic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6a2535615.html,munication is symbolic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6a2535615.html,munication is Interpretive D. Communication is static 7. Communication has a consequence means that ___D___. A. Communication is irreversible B.Our response to message does not have to be immediate C. The nature of our responses to messages is rooted in our culture D. A, B and C 8. Which of the item is not the basic component of culture? C A. Values B. Emotions C. Personality D. Attitudes 9. We learn our culture not through __D______. A. proverbs B. art C. mass media D. self-taught 10.Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the _B______ of a culture resists major alterations. A. history B. the deep structure C. background D. tradition 11. ___C___ is at the core of intercultural communication. A. sender B. receiver C. culture D. language 12. Although cultures change through several mechanisms, which of the following item is not the three most common ones.C A. Diffusion B. Acculturation C. Invention D. Innovation 13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a new language is learning the _____A____ and ________ in which they are used. A. different styles, the contexts B. grammar, accent C. different styles, the speech acts D. vocabulary, the pronunciation 14. Language is accompanied by a continuous flow of nonverbal communication, which involves not only ____ but also ____ and _____.B A. the tone, gaze, posture B. the voice, the face, the body C. the pitch, gaze, gesture D. the pace, the distance, touch 15. ___B__ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world. A. Interpretation B. Perception C. Analysis D. Understanding

(完整word版)跨文化交际考试题型

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