Text A Secrets of Straight-A Students课文词汇注-Unit 1 college life

Text A Secrets of Straight-A Students课文词汇注-Unit 1 college life

Unit One: College Life

Interpretation of Quotes（引言解释）

⊙ The things taught in schools and colleges are not an education, but the means to an education. — Ralph Waldo Emerson

Interpretation:

We don’t go to school or college to learn, but to seek the way to learn.

⊙ Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. — W. B. Yeats Interpretation:

Instead of stuffing students with knowledge, real education aims at bringing out what is inside students and cultivating their potential.

⊙ You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself. —Galileo Interpretation:

Teaching doesn’t really help anyone, but it helps a person find out what he/she is good at.

Text A Secrets of Staight-A Students

Section A Discovering the Main Ideas

Exercise 1. Write down the main idea of the following paragraphs in the space provided.

▆ Answers for reference:

1) Para 2: Top students attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that

others can easily learn.

2) Para 3: Top students learn to be organized.

3) Para 4: Top students know how to schedule their time properly.

4) Para 5: Top students are very serious about school and very active in class.

5) Para 6: Students benefit from group study.

Exercise 2: Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.

1) T

2) T

3) F The student does so in order to save time.

4) T

5) F The student who turns in neat work is a step closer to a high score.

6) T

7) F Encouragement rather than pressure from parents helps students a lot.

Exercise 3: Summarize the basic principles that top students master and apply in their studying

Good Usage (Para. 1)

conducted major studies

super-achieving students

top grades

According to him

it is far more important

Good Usage (Para. 2)

attain academic excellence

mastering a few basic principles

how to set their priorities right

Study time is never compromised for phone calls

In other words

placed above recreation

In addition

make a point of

he works out every day

a matter of personal preference

as soon as

fresh in their minds

a main factor

Good Usage (Para. 3)

For example

is actively involved in

keeps his things in their proper places

files the days notes available for review

improving ones memory or retention ability

lead to a full understanding of the author’s message

Good Usage (Para.4)

schedule their time

pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand

set timetables

prevents them from procrastinating

wasting time whispering to friends

getting ready to rush out of the class

jot down a two- or three-sentence summary

scans the notes

refresh her memory

Good Usage (Para.5)

winning formula

lies in a students ability to hand in neat work

turns in neat work

on the way to scoring an A

In the classroom context

to speak up

to clarify any doubts

demonstrates a student s intellectual curiosity

concisely puts it

Better grades come from better understanding.

Good Usage (Para.6)

tried different approaches

explained their solutions to one another

laboured on their own

frame tentative test questions

devise possible test questions

Good Usage (Para.7)

In the student’s words

The more you practise, the more you learn.

Last but not least

lies in the crucial contribution by parents

set high standards

took pains to explain

Key Words and Expressions for Text A

conduct vt.

carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead 进行；实施；经营；处理；陪伴；引导，带领

e.g. 1. These studies were conducted by four teams that coordinated their work.

2. We are conducting a survey to find out what the customers think of our service.

我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。

Collocations:

conduct a meeting 主持会议

conduct an investigation 进行调查

reveal vt.

make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown 揭示，透露；使（事实等）显露出来

e.g. 1. Details of the murder were revealed by the local newspaper.

2. He didn’t want to reveal his real feelings.

他不想露出他的真实情感。

Collocations:

reveal sth. to sb. 向某人透露某事

reveal sb. to be 显示某人是

make the most of

get the best advantage from 最大限度利用

e.g. 1. Jim studied hard in the training class; he wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.

2. The occasion only comes once in five years, and they naturally make the most of it.

这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。

attain vt.

fml gain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach〖正式〗（长期努力后）获得，达到

e.g. 1. He attained fame through many years of hard work.

2. We need to identify the best ways of attaining our goals.

我们需要确定达到我们目标的最好方法。

CF: attain, achieve & accomplish

这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。

attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如：* She finally attained her ends. 她终于达到了她的目的。

* Kacy attained the rank of deputy director. 凯茜当上副经理了。

achieve指由于付出努力而理所当然地实现目标、获得成功。例如：

* He will never achieve his objectives if he does not work harder. 如果不加倍努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。

accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如：

* He accomplished the building of the bookcase. 他做完了一个书橱。

to begin with

in the first place; firstly 首先；第一点

e.g. 1.I’m not going; to begin with, I haven’t a ticket, and secondly I don’t like the play.

2. To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job.

首先，约翰做那种工作太年轻了。

in addition (to)

as well (as); besides 除……之外；另外

e.g. 1. In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides

practical experience.

2. In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of other activities.

除了学习以外，我参加了许多其他活动。

make a point of doing sth.

take particular care about sth. 特别注意，重视；总是要做（某事）

e.g. 1. I always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.

2. She makes a point of keeping all her shopping receipts.

她总是把所有的购物发票都留起来。

perform vi.

do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), esp. according to a usual or established method; give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), esp. in the presence of the public 履行，实行，完成；表演

e.g. 1. John has been training very hard and he hopes he will perform better for the 100-metre dash.

2. Some computers can perform over a billion computations a second.

有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。

CF: perform & conduct

这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。

perform指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如：* He wouldn’t promise what he could not perform. 他不会许下无法兑现的承诺。conduct指挥、实现、进行，词义接近perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如：* The interview was conducted in English. 面试用英语进行。

involve vt.

[(in, with)] (of a situation or action) have as the people or things taking part [常与in或with连用] （情况、行动）使陷入，使卷入；牵涉，涉及

e.g. 1. Fanny is actively involved in the drama association of our college.

2. I didn’t mean to get you s o much involved in the matter.

我本不想让你这么深地卷入这件事中来。

file

1. vt.put (papers or letters) in a file 把（文件、信件）汇存起来，把……存卷（归档），

存档

e.g. 1) These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference.

2) We file these reports under country of origin.

我们按照原籍国家把这些报告归档保存。

2. n.a box, folder, etc. for storing papers in an ordered way, esp. in an office （办公室内

的）文件匣（夹）

3. n. a line of people one behind the other 纵列

4. vi. march in a file 排成纵队前进

e.g. They filed slowly past the grave of their leader. 他们排成一列缓缓地走过他们领袖的坟墓。

advocate vt.

speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp. publicly 拥护，提倡，主张

e.g.1. The committee doesn’t advocate the use of violence.

2. Many people advocate building more hospitals.

许多人主张增设医院。

schedule

1. vt.[(for) usu. pass.] plan for a certain future time [常与for连用]［一般用于被动语态］

排定；预定；把……安排在

e.g. 1)The opening ceremony (开幕式) is scheduled to take place on the coming Thursday.

2) He is scheduled to leave for London next Monday.

他预定下星期一动身去伦敦。

2. n. a planned list or order of things to be done, dealth with, etc. 预定要做事情的安排；计划

（表）；程序表；日程表

Collocations:

on schedule 按照时间表，准时

ahead of / behind schedule 提前/落后于时间表

be scheduled for June / Monday, etc. 安排在六月/周一等

be scheduled for release / publication / completion, etc. 计划发布/出版/完成等

be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事

overwhelm vt.

[usu. passive] give too much of a thing to sb. [常用于被动语态]使受不了，使不知所措

e.g. 1. We were all overwhelmed by grief when we heard the news that over 4000 people lost

their lives during the earthquake.

2. I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.

我收到的所有鲜花和支持信件使我激动得不能自已。

at hand

rather fml near in time or place 〖较正式〗即将到来，在手边，在近处

e.g. 1. When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary at hand so as to ensure that she uses

every word correctly and appropriately.

2. Always have your reference books near at hand.

要经常把参考书摆在手边。

polish vt.

improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and shiny by continual rubbing （通过练习）改进，改善；擦亮

e.g.1. I’ll need to polish (up) my French if I’ m going to France for my holiday.

2. Please polish your shoes with a brush.

请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。

take down

write sth. down in order to make a record of it 记录

e.g. 1. Anything you say will be taken down, and may be used in evidence.

2. He asked his secretary to take down every word he said.

他让他的秘书记下他说的每一句话。

refresh one’s memory

remind oneself / sb. of facts by referring to notes, etc. （借助笔记等）使自己（某人）想起

e.g. 1. In the middle of his speech he had to refresh his memoy by looking at his notes.

2. I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning.

我在词典里查了这个单词，以便更清楚地记得它的确切意思。

promote vt.

help the progress of (sth.); encourage or support 提倡；促进；助长

e.g. 1. The organization works to promote friendship between nations.

2. The Prime Minister’s visit will promote the cooperation bet ween the two countries.

首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。

lie in

(of abstract things) exist in the form of (sb. or sth.) 在于

e.g. 1. The problem lies in the fact that they do not have a competent leader.

2. Our strengths lie in problem solving.

我们的优势在于解决问题的能力。

on the way to

about to obtain sth.; in the course of becoming or doing sth. 正在获得；正在变成；正在做

e.g. 1. I’m now out of hospital and well on the way to recovery.

2. A closed economy will not put a country on the way to prosperity.

闭关自守的经济不会使一个国家富起来。

speak up

give one’s op inion freely and clearly 畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法

e.g. 1. You should never be frightened of speaking up your beliefs under any circumstances.

2. If you thought that wasn’t fair, why didn’t you speak up?

如果你认为那不公平，为什么不说出来？

clarify vt.

fml make clearer and easier to understand, esp. by explaining and giving more details 〖正式〗澄清，讲清楚，阐明

e.g 1. If you don’t understand, ask the speaker to clarify the point.

2. I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.

我希望我说的话能讲清楚这一情况。

demonstrate vt.

prove or make clear (a fact), esp. by reasoning or providing examples; show or describe clearly （以推理或举例等）论证，证明，证实

e.g. 1. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.

2. Our troops demonstrate remarkable courage.

我们的队伍表现出无比的勇敢。

approach

1.n. [ C (to)] a method of doing sth. or dealing with a problem [常与to连用]方法；步骤

e.g. 1) She took a wrong approach in solving the problem; that was why she failed.

2) I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.

我刚读了一本有趣的书，它采用了一种新的方法来研读莎士比亚。

2. n. [C (to)] a way of getting in [常与to连用]通路，入口

e.g. All approaches to the town were blocked. 通往该镇的所有道路都被封锁了。

3. n. [U (of)] the act of coming nearer and nearer [常与of连用]靠近；接近；临近

e.g. Our approach drove away the wild animals. 我们一走近，野兽全都跑开了。

4. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8115315965.html,e near or nearer (to) in space, time, quality, or quantity 走近；靠近，接近

e.g. The time is approaching when we will have to leave. 我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。on one’s own

without help 独立地，无援地

e.g. 1. Although she is still rather weak after the operation, she can now live on her own.

2. I can’t carry it on my own; it’s too heavy.

我一人拿不动，这东西太重了。

base on

[usu. pass.] use as grounds, evidence, etc. for sth. else ［一般用于被动语态］以某事物为另一事物的根据﹑证据等

e.g. 1. He based his research results on his own practical experiences in the countryside.

2. I feel he’s doing something wrong, but I’ve got nothing to base it on.

我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有证据。

confirm vt.

give support or certainty to (a fact, belief, statement, etc.), e.g. by providing more proof or by stating that sth.thing is true or correct 证实；进一步确定

e.g. 1. It has been confirmed that Barbara will play the principal part in the new movie.

2. I just want to confirm that all the arrangements have been made.

我要确认所有计划都安排好了。

devise vt.

plan or invent, esp. cleverly策划；想出；设计；发明

e.g. 1. Long-term objectives must be devised if you want to run your business successfully.

2. A vehicle was devised a few years ago which permitted movement over difficult land

and could fly for a short distance.

几年前人们设计了一种交通工具，它能在难于行走的地面上行动并能短距离飞行。

employ vt.

fml use〖正式〗使用

e.g. 1. The police had to employ force to enter the building.

2. We employ different technical tools for the reception and evaluation of the heat energy.

我们使用不同的技术工具接收和测量热能。

assign vt.

[(to)] give as a share or duty [常与to连用]分配；分派，指派

e.g. 1. He was assigned to work in a research centre in the army.

2. We’ve assigned Chris to the advertising campaign.

我们已经把广告宣传的工作布置给了克里斯。

undertake vt.

(undertook, undertaken) take up or accept (a duty or piece of work, esp. one that is difficult or needs effort) 承担，接受（责任、艰苦的工作等）

e.g. 1. She undertook responsibility for the failure in our marketing project.

2. If you undertake the project, you are bound to encounter difficulties.

如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。

Collocations:

undertake a task 承担一项任务

undertake to do sth. 承担做某事的任务

pressure vt. & n.

(try to) make (sb.) do sth. by using strong or unfair influence; forceful influence; strong persuasion 对……施加压力；压力

e.g.1. We shouldn’t be pressured into making hasty decision; instead, we must take all things

into consideration.

2. The chairperson accepted our proposal under pressure.

主席在压力下接受了我们的提议。

Collocations:

pressure sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事

pressure sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事

take pains to do sth.

take great care or make a careful effort to do sth. 煞费苦心（做）；（为……）费尽心机

e.g. 1. He took great pains to learn Spanish because he wanted to travel in South America.

2. Do you think it worthwhile to take such pains to do this job?

你这么费心做这事，你觉得值得吗？

motivate vt.

provide (sb.) with a (strong) reason for doing sth. 激发，激励，使……产生动机

e.g. 1. The new plan is devised to motivate employees to work more efficiently.

2. Every manager must motivate and encourage his employees.

每个管理者都必须激励和鼓励他的雇员。

Difficult Sentences for Text A

1. … it is far more important for a student to know how to make the most of his or her

innate abilities. (Para. 1)

Q: What does this sentence imply?

A: Being bright doesn’t necessarily make one a top student. What is of more importance is that he / she learns how to make the best use of the abilities that he / she is born with.

2. The students at the top of the class attain academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that others can easily learn. (Para. 2)

Q: According to the above sentence, how can one become a top student?

A: Anyone can be a top student if he / she adopts some basic principles that are not difficult for others to learn.

3. Study time is never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks. (Para. 2)

Q: Please paraphrase this sentence.

A: They never give up study time to make phone calls, watch television or have snacks, for it would be against their principles to do so.

4. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A. (Para. 5)

Q: What does this sentence imply?

A: One professor said that the student who turns in a piece of neat work is likely to get a very good score.

Extended Questions

▇ Extended questions (Para. 1)

Q: Do you think one needs to be bright to become a top student?

A: Not necessarily so. Diligence and better use of one’s innate abilities are very important.

▇ Extended questions (Para. 2)

Q: Based on your own study habits, do you agree with the views of those students interviewed? A: (Open.)

▇ Extended questions (Para. 4)

Q1: Reflect on your own study habits. What are some of your own learning strategies in terms of getting organized?

A1: Possible answers are:

l previewing lessons before class;

l reviewing lessons after class;

l taking good notes in class;

l ensuring a fixed amount of time for study on a daily basis;

l finishing assignments or projects days before the deadline;

l scanning the notes taken in class before the next day’s class;

Q2: Do you think good learning strategies are important in your studies?

A2: Good strategies are certain to enhance learning, e.g. advance organizers, selective attention, self-management, repetition, note-taking, grouping, contextualization, inferencing, and

cooperation.

▇ Extended questions (Para. 5)

Q: What is the possible reason to account for the idea that “the student who turns in neat work is already on the way to scoring an A”?

A: A piece of neat work reflects, to some extent, the effort the student has made in doing his work.

Furthermore, a piece of neat work may have some psychological impact on the professor who reads it. Normally people tend to give a higher score to a piece of neat work, other things

being equal.

▇ Extended questions (Para. 6)

Q1: What does the word “labour” reveal about studying on one’s own?

A1: When someone labours to do something, that person does it with difficulty. By using “labour” to describe studying on one’s own, the writer emphasizes the value of group study.

Q2: Which do you prefer, study in a group or studying alone?

A2: Possible answers: I prefer group study because I may learn better by discussing homework and problems together with my partners.

I don’t like group work, as I feel I’m most efficient when studying alone.

▇ Extended questions (Para.7)

Q1: Do you believe in the saying “The more you practise, the more you learn.”? Why?

A1: Possible answe rs: I agree with the saying “The more you practise, the more you learn.”

However, I also hold the value of thorough understanding rather than mechanical

memorization.

Q2: Do you think parents play an influential role in the academic life of a child?

A2: Yes, I think my parents play an influential role in my academic life in terms of family environment, parents as role models, and parenting skills, etc.

▇课文参考译文

优等生的秘诀

1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。

2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个人人都可以轻易学到的基本原则。首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。

3学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。

4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。

5 老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。

6 在一所世界顶级大学进行的一项实验证明了小组学习的价值所在。研究表明，学生们如果一起讨论家庭作业和问题，尝试不同的解决办法，并且互相解释各自的答案，分数就会比那些单独用功的学生要高。实验也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。这就是说，学生们根据笔记设计可能的试题，在考试前一天相互之间进行书面测试或自测。专家们证实，那些能设计模拟试题的学生，往往会在正式考题中发现很多相同的试题，自然能得高分了。

7 优等生使用的另一个技巧是超额完成规定的家庭作业。一位学生透露，老师若是布置五道题，她会做上十道。用她的话说，“练习是学习的一部分。练得越多，学到的也越多。”最后一点同样不容忽视：所有的专家和优秀学生都认为，优等生们之所以成功，父母的功劳至关重要。从孩提时起，父母就给他们灌输学习的重要性，为他们制定高标准，并且引导他们达到这些标准。在学习方面他们给孩子以鼓励，而不是代劳。这些父母从不给孩子施加压力，永远都温柔慈爱，不厌其烦地解释和激励。他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任，而孩子们则将其付诸实践。

从实践的角度探讨在日语教学中多媒体课件的应用

从实践的角度探讨在日语教学中多媒体课件的应用 在今天中国的许多大学，为适应现代化，信息化的要求，建立了设备完善的适应多媒体教学的教室。许多学科的研究者及现场教员也积极致力于多媒体软件的开发和利用。在大学日语专业的教学工作中，教科书、磁带、粉笔为主流的传统教学方式差不多悄然向先进的教学手段而进展。 一、多媒体课件和精品课程的进展现状 然而，目前在专业日语教学中能够利用的教学软件并不多见。比如在中国大学日语的专业、第二外語用教科书常见的有《新编日语》（上海外语教育出版社）、《中日交流标准日本語》（初级、中级）（人民教育出版社）、《新编基础日语（初級、高級）》（上海译文出版社）、《大学日本语》（四川大学出版社）、《初级日语》《中级日语》（北京大学出版社）、《新世纪大学日语》（外语教学与研究出版社）、《综合日语》（北京大学出版社）、《新编日语教程》（华东理工大学出版社）《新编初级（中级）日本语》（吉林教育出版社）、《新大学日本语》（大连理工大学出版社）、《新大学日语》（高等教育出版社）、《现代日本语》（上海外语教育出版社）、《基础日语》（复旦大学出版社）等等。配套教材以录音磁带、教学参考、习题集为主。只有《中日交流標準日本語（初級上）》、《初級日语》、《新编日语教程》等少数教科书配备了多媒体DVD视听教材。 然而这些试听教材，有的内容为日语普及读物，并不适合专业外语课堂教学。比如《新版中日交流标准日本语（初级上）》，有的尽管DVD视听教材中有丰富的动画画面和语音练习。然而，课堂操作则花费时刻长，不利于教师重点指导，更加适合学生的课余练习。比如北京大学的《初级日语》等。在这种情形下，许多大学的日语专业致力于教材的自主开发。 其中，有些大学的还推出精品课程，取得了专门大成绩。比如天津外国语学院的《新编日语》多媒体精品课程为2007年被评为“国家级精品课”。目前已被南开大学外国语学院、成都理工大学日语系等全国40余所大学推广使用。

旅游与文化 翻译

旅游与文化I Part I 1．charming autumn scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather 秋高气爽，秋色宜人 2．the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织第15届全体大会3．to travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books 读万卷书，行万里路 4．enriching themselves mentally and physically 承天地之灵气，接山水之精华 5．tourist arrival 旅游人数 6．foreign currency receipts 外汇收入 7．outbound tourists 出境旅游人数 8．unique, rich and varied tourism resources 得天独厚的旅游资源 9．World Cultural and Natural Heritages sites 世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地 10．t o add radiance and charm to each other 交相辉映 11．a thriving modern metropolis 繁华的现代化大都市 12．a patchwork of cottages 村舍星罗棋布 13．t o exist side by side 鳞次栉比 14．I nternational Architecture Exhibition 万国建筑博览会 15．c lock towers and turrets , marble pillars 钟塔、角楼和大理石柱 16．e ach representing a distinctively individual appearance 风格迥异，各领风骚 17．t he rainy season 梅雨季节 18．t o linger longer 留连忘返 19．e xcellence, elegance and the best quality 卓越超群，富丽堂皇，一流质量 20．e mbroidery, inlaid lacquer 刺绣，金漆镶嵌 21．g old and silver jewelleries, water-color woodblock prints 金银首饰，木刻水印 22．c arvings in jade, ivory, bamboo and woven bamboo baskets 玉雕、牙雕，竹雕，竹编筐篮 23．b ird cages, lanterns 鸟笼灯笼 24．d ouble-sided embroidery and sandal wood fans from Suzhou 双面绣和苏州的檀香扇 25．t erracotta teapots from Yixing, and clay figures from Wuxi 宜兴的陶制茶壶和无锡的泥人 26．t he Peach Blossom Fair 桃花节 27．t he Daci Temple Fair 大慈寺庙会 28．t he Chengdu Tourism Festival 成都旅游节 29．a place blessed with favorite climate, fertile land, rich resources and outstanding talents 物华天宝，人杰地灵30．s uperb artistic style of aiming at catching the sprit of the landscape 写意山水 31．a rtistic gems 艺术瑰宝 32．U NESCO Heritage Committee 联合国教科文组织遗产委员会 33．t he list of World cultural heritage 世界文化遗产名录 34．b ronzeware 青铜器 35．b amboo, wood and lacquer ware 竹木漆器 36．i nscribed bones and tortoise shells 甲骨 37．s eals 玺印 38．a rchaeology 39．r estoration room 文物修复馆 旅游与文化II Part II景点描述常用语 Match work: 雄伟壮丽imposing 灯火辉煌glittering

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Unit1 Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. "We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person’s hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S. is li kely to be that everyone is in a rush -- often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace

新视野大学英语2第三版unit8 textA课文翻译.doc

Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice 动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。 2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3We,in medical research,have also been unbelievably uncaring.We have allowed the most extr eme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of"animal fraud"and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health.Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emoti onal tone of the argument.Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds. 3我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。 4In the animal rights forum,much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our ev il and cruel nature.A more reasonable argument,however,can be advanced in our defense.Life i

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欲而不越出规矩。” 3 子曰:“由(1)，诲女(2)，知之乎,知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” 【注释】 (1)由:姓仲名由，字子路。生于公元前542年，孔子的学生，长期追随孔子。 (2)女:同汝，你。 【译文】 孔子说:“由，我教给你怎样做的话，你明白了吗,知道的就是知道，不知道就是不知道，这就是智慧啊～” 4.颜渊、季路侍(1)。子曰:“盍(2)各言尔志。”子路曰:“原车马，衣轻裘，与朋友共，敝之而无憾。”颜渊曰:“愿无伐(3)善，无施劳(4)。”子路曰:“愿闻子之志。”子曰:“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之(5)。” 【注释】 (1)侍:服侍，站在旁边陪着尊贵者叫侍。 (2)盍:何不。 (3)伐:夸耀。 (4)施劳:施，表白。劳，功劳。 (5)少者怀之:让少者得到关怀。 【译文】 颜渊、子路两人侍立在孔子身边。孔子说:“你们何不各自说说自己的志向,”子路说:“愿意拿出自己的车马、衣服、皮袍，同我的朋友共同使用，用坏了也不抱怨。”颜渊说:“我愿意不夸耀自己的长处，不表白自己的功劳。”子路向孔子说:“愿意听听您的志向。”孔子说:“(我的志向是)让年老的安心，让朋友们信任我，让年轻的子弟们得到关怀。” 5 子曰:“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。” 【译文】

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Unit 1 1学习外语是我一生中最艰苦也是最有意义的经历之一。虽然时常遭遇挫折，但却非常有价值。 2我学外语的经历始于初中的第一堂英语课。老师很慈祥耐心，时常表扬学生。由于这种积极的教学方法，我踊跃回答各种问题，从不怕答错。两年中，我的成绩一直名列前茅。 3到了高中后，我渴望继续学习英语。然而，高中时的经历与以前大不相同。以前，老师对所有的学生都很耐心，而新老师则总是惩罚答错的学生。每当有谁回答错了，她就会用长教鞭指着我们，上下挥舞大喊：“错！错！错！”没有多久，我便不再渴望回答问题了。我不仅失去了回答问题的乐趣，而且根本就不想再用英语说半个字。 4好在这种情况没持续多久。到了大学，我了解到所有学生必须上英语课。与高中老师不。大学英语老师非常耐心和蔼，而且从来不带教鞭！不过情况却远不尽如人意。由于班大，每堂课能轮到我回答的问题寥寥无几。上了几周课后，我还发现许多同学的英语说得比我要好得多。我开始产生一种畏惧感。虽然原因与高中时不同，但我却又一次不敢开口了。看来我的英语水平要永远停步不前了。 5直到几年后我有机会参加远程英语课程，情况才有所改善。这种课程的媒介是一台电脑、一条电话线和一个调制解调器。我很快配齐了必要的设备并跟一个朋友学会了电脑操作技术，于是我每周用5到7天在网上的虚拟课堂里学习英语。 6网上学习并不比普通的课堂学习容易。它需要花许多的时间，需要学习者专心自律，以跟上课程进度。我尽力达到课程的最低要求，并按时完成作业。 7我随时随地都在学习。不管去哪里，我都随身携带一本袖珍字典和笔记本，笔记本上记着我遇到的生词。我学习中出过许多错，有时是令人尴尬的错误。有时我会因挫折而哭泣，有时甚至想放弃。但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而感到畏惧，因为在电脑屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根据自己的需要花时间去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我发现自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我说起英语来灵活自如。尽管我还是常常出错，还有很多东西要学，但我已尝到了刻苦学习的甜头。 8学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且让我了解了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。学习一门外语最令人兴奋的收获是我能与更多的人交流。与人交谈是我最喜欢的一项活动，新的语言使我能与陌生人交往，参与他们的谈话，并建立新的难以忘怀的友谊。由于我已能说英语，别人讲英语时我不再茫然不解了。我能够参与其中，并结交朋友。我能与人交流，并能够弥合我所说的语言和所处的文化与他们的语言和文化之间的鸿沟。 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7. virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.

新大学日语简明教程课文翻译

新大学日语简明教程课文翻译 第21课 一、我的留学生活 我从去年12月开始学习日语。已经3个月了。每天大约学30个新单词。每天学15个左右的新汉字，但总记不住。假名已经基本记住了。 简单的会话还可以，但较难的还说不了。还不能用日语发表自己的意见。既不能很好地回答老师的提问，也看不懂日语的文章。短小、简单的信写得了，但长的信写不了。 来日本不久就迎来了新年。新年时，日本的少女们穿着美丽的和服，看上去就像新娘。非常冷的时候，还是有女孩子穿着裙子和袜子走在大街上。 我在日本的第一个新年过得很愉快，因此很开心。 现在学习忙，没什么时间玩，但周末常常运动，或骑车去公园玩。有时也邀朋友一起去。虽然我有国际驾照，但没钱，买不起车。没办法，需要的时候就向朋友借车。有几个朋友愿意借车给我。 二、一个房间变成三个 从前一直认为睡在褥子上的是日本人，美国人都睡床铺，可是听说近来纽约等大都市的年轻人不睡床铺，而是睡在褥子上，是不是突然讨厌起床铺了？ 日本人自古以来就睡在褥子上，那自有它的原因。人们都说日本人的房子小，从前，很少有人在自己的房间，一家人住在一个小房间里是常有的是，今天仍然有人过着这样的生活。 在仅有的一个房间哩，如果要摆下全家人的床铺，就不能在那里吃饭了。这一点，褥子很方便。早晨，不需要褥子的时候，可以收起来。在没有了褥子的房间放上桌子，当作饭厅吃早饭。来客人的话，就在那里喝茶；孩子放学回到家里，那房间就成了书房。而后，傍晚又成为饭厅。然后收起桌子，铺上褥子，又成为了全家人睡觉的地方。 如果是床铺的话，除了睡觉的房间，还需要吃饭的房间和书房等，但如果使用褥子，一个房间就可以有各种用途。 据说从前，在纽约等大都市的大学学习的学生也租得起很大的房间。但现在房租太贵，租不起了。只能住更便宜、更小的房间。因此，似乎开始使用睡觉时作床，白天折小能成为椅子的、方便的褥子。

翻译中国文化和历史

翻译（一）、中国文化和历史 1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。 The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness. 2、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。 ? The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes. 3、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。 Shanghai cuisine, usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China, with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste”as its essential quality elements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings,

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textA课文翻译

Unit 1 Sources of Energy 参考译文课文A 石油 1 油，和煤一样，存在于沉积岩中，而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋，所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而不是树木。 2 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。 3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成，因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。 4 油比水轻，呈液态，会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透，在地球上有些地区到达表层，古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。在古代和中世纪，这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。 5 当然，表层的油苗数量很少。而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。石油向上渗透抵达该岩石，然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。若在上方的岩石上钻个孔，石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。有时压力过大，石油会向高空喷出。1859 年在宾夕法尼亚州，由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。 6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点（勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构），那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料，这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。而且一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必像煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。 7 石油便于抽取，易于运输，促进了石油的应用。石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分，每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成，分子越小，该馏分就越容易蒸发。 8 到1 9 世纪下半叶，最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油，它不易蒸发，被用于照明。9 然而，到19 世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分，由小分子构成，容易蒸发。10 这种内燃机与蒸汽机相比，机身小巧，可以瞬间启动；而蒸汽机需要一定时间，等待储水加热到沸点。11 随着各种带有内燃机的汽车、卡车、公共汽车、飞机等交通工具的使用，对于石油的需求激增。房屋不再用煤，而用燃烧燃料供热；轮船开始使用石油；电力也由燃油提供的能量来供给。12 在1900 年，来自石油的能量只是煤的4%，二战后，由石油的各种不同馏分提供的能量已经超过煤所供给的能量，而现在石油成为推动世界科技发展的主要燃料。13 石油相对于煤的便利却被另一个事实所抵消：地球上石油的数量比煤少得多。（这不足为奇，因为地球上形成石油的脂肪物质，要比形成煤的木质物质少得多。）14 还有另一种复杂情况，即石油的分布不如煤的分布均匀。世界上的主要能源消耗国有足够的煤，却严重缺乏石油。美国有世界石油总储量的10%，数十年来一直是主要石油生产国。现在亦是如此，但是美国大量消耗石油产品，使之成为石油进口国，对于这一重要资源不得不日益依赖其他国家。俄罗斯石油储量和美国相近，但消耗的少，因而可以成为石油出口国。15 地球上已知的石油储备约有3/5 集中在阿拉伯国家。例如，位于波斯湾岬角处的科威特，面积只有麻省那么大，人口只有50 万，却拥有世界已知石油储量的1/5。16 由石油引发的政治问题已经变得至关重要。 Unit 2 Social Science 参考译文课文A 求职面试新趋势 今天的求职者不得不经受当代面试技巧的考验 1 如果你最后一次参加求职面试是在五年或更长时间以前，那么当你重新进入就业市场时，你一定会大吃一惊。求职面试已经不再是舒适温馨的炉边闲谈了；当然，倒也不会走向另一个极端，成为为了检验你应对压力的能力而进行的令人生畏的询问。这些传统的方法已经象英式茶具车和两小时午餐休息一样过时了。 2 精明的现代企业已经明白，雇员选择不当是要付出代价的，因此，面试已经成为多层面，半科学化式的挑选程序的一部分，并且越来越可能由经过高级心理技术培训的经理人员来进行。面试还在加入高科技的内容：不久以后，求职者就会看到，面试小组中至少有一名成员是通过视频会议技术在外地甚至在海外参与面试的。 3 然而，有一点是没有变的。那就是，如果没有同未来的老板面对面接触过，你是很难得到工作的，75%的公司在雇佣每个部门的雇员时都采用面试。还有同样数量的公司认为，在选择雇员的所