选修八unit2知识点

Unit 2 Cloning 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）

词汇部分词语

辨析

1. aloud / loud / loudly

2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve

词形

变化

1. object vi. 不赞成；反对objection n. 不赞成；

反对

2. popular adj. 流行的，通

俗的，广受欢迎的

popularity n.普及；流

行；名望

popularize vt. 使普及，

使流行

3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制resistance n. 抵抗力,

反抗

resistant n. 抵抗者

adj.反抗的，耐……的

4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜decoration n. 装饰(品)

装璜

5. reason n. 原因；理性

v.分析，推论(理)；劝告

reasonable adj. 通情

达理的；合理的

unreasonable adj. 不合

理的；荒唐的

重点

单词

1. differ vi. 不同；相异

2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应

3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍

4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积

5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩

6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝

7. bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰

8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到

重点

词组

1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇

2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利

3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做)

4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况

重点句型 1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

重点语法同位语从句（见语法部分）

语言要点（模块）

Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)

1. aloud / loud / loudly

【解释】

aloud adv. 重点在于“出声”(能被人听见，但声音不一定很大)，通常与read等词连用：read aloud朗读，读出声shout/call/laugh aloud大声叫喊／笑

loud作形容词时意为“大声的”，作副词时特指(谈笑等)“大声地”，常用比较级形式；loudly“大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹、不悦耳，与quietly相对

【练习】用aloud，loud，loudly的适当形式填空。

1). The teacher asked me to read the poem _______.

2). The radio isn’ t _______ enough. Could you turn it up a little?

3). I could hear people over there talking _______ with each other about the news.

4). Could you speak _______ ?

Keys: 1). aloud 2). loud 3). loudly 4). louder

2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve

【解释】

obtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。

acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。

gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。

earn意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。

achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

【练习】用obtain，acquire，gain，earn，achieve的适当形式填空。

1). How much do you _______a week?

2). The movie star _______ success and wealth.

3). He _______ experience through practice.

4). It is through learning that the individul ______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.

5). An investor _______ by buying stocks that go up in value.

Keys: 1). earn 2). achieved 3). obtained 4). acquires 5). gains

Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）

1. object vi. 不赞成；反对objection n. 不赞成；反对

2. popular adj. 流行的，通

俗的，广受欢迎的

popularity n.普及；流行；名望popularize vt. 使普及，使流行

3. resist v. 抵(反)抗，抵制resistance n. 抵抗力, 反抗resistant n. 抵抗者

adj.反抗的，耐……的

4. decorate vt. 装饰，装璜decoration n. 装饰(品)

装璜

5. reason n. 原因；理性v.分析，推论(理)；劝告reasonable adj. 通情达理的；

合理的

unreasonable adj. 不合理的；

荒唐的

【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1). I strongly object to ________ (treat) like a child.

2). If no one has any ________ (object), I will declare the meeting closed us with hope.

3). The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _______ (resist) from staff.

4). When will they finish the ________ (decorate) of the bathroom?

5). The building ________ (decorate) with flags., the event was a great success.

6). Don't let your boss make ________ (reason) demands on you.

7). The president’ s _______ (popular) has declined considerably.

8). The President is very _______ (popularize) with Jewish voters.

Keys: 1). being treated 2). objection 3). resistance 4). decoration

5). was decorated 6). unreasonable 7). popularity 8). popular

Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）

1. differ vi. 不同；相异difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的

[典例]

1). Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们

的没有起车库。

2). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各

持己见。

[重点用法]

A differs from

B in... A与B在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A与B 就……意见相左

2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接to do) [典例]

1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。

2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。

3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍

[典例]

1). The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。

2). I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。

[重点用法]

forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事

4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积accumulation n [u,c] 积累

[典例]

1). By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。

2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很

快就越积越多。

5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩

[典例]

1). He owes his father ￡50. = He owes ￡50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。

2). We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。

[重点用法]

owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠(某人)债owe sth to sb/sth将某事物归因或归功於某人/事[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。

1). How much do I owe you _______ the groceries?

2). He owes his success more _______ luck than _______ ability.

3). I owe a lot _______ my wife and children.

Keys: 1). for 2). to; to 3). to

6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝

[典例]

1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。

2). Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。

[重点用法]

retire from... 从……退休(役)/退出retire (from...) (to...) 退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）

7. bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰

[典例]

1). I am busy; don’ t bother me now. 我很忙，现在别打扰我。

2). I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time. 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点? [重点用法]

bother with/about 一为……而烦恼；因……操心bother to do / doing费神做……[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到obtainable adj能得到的; 可获得的[典例]

1). I haven’ t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。

2). He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手

段获得这一资料的。

[重点用法]

obtain sth from sb/sth 从……获得某物

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。

1). Are his records still ______ (obtain)?

2). Further information can be obtained _______ (介词) head office.

Keys: 1). obtainable 2). From

Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇

[典例]

1). At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。

2). Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?

[短语归纳] pay短语：

pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价pay back sth. (pay sb. back sth.) 偿还

pay sb. (...) for sth. 因某事而付某人…… pay sb. (...) to do sth. 付某人(……)去做某事[练习] 用与pay相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。

1). After ten years of hard working she finally _______ _______ her debt.

2). Our efforts are sure to ________ ________.

3). Her parents ________ ________ America.

4). Have you ________ the milkman this week?

5). Have you ________ the money _______ the bank yet?

6). I will _______ you _______ next week.

7). I paid the boy ten yuan _______ (clean) the window.

Keys: 1). paid off 2). pay off 3). paid for 4). paid

5). paid; to 6). pay; back 7). to clean

2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对……有利

[典例]

1). I am in favor of your suggestion. 我赞成你的提议。

2). I talked to Susan about it, and she’ s all in favor of going. 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同

走。

[重点用法]

ask a favor请求帮忙 do sb. a favor = do a favor for sb. 帮某人的忙

3. be bound to do 一定；注定(做)

[典例]

1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好。

2). You’ ve done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这麽大工夫, 一定能

考及格。

4. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处於好的﹑坏的﹑极佳的状况

[典例]

1). The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远

航。

2). The car is still in excellent condition. 这小车状况极佳。

[短语归纳] condition 短语：

out of condition健康状况欠佳

working/living/syudying conditions工作、生活、学习环境

on condition (that)... 在……条件下；倘若……

on no condition 一点也不; 决不

Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。

[解释] “that she seemed to develop normally”是一个同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。同位语从句一般由that引导，常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行词是problem，question或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用whether或其他的疑问代词或副词。如：

1). The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 他当选美国总统的消

息是真的。

2). The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.

我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。

3). I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪。

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。

1). The truth _______ heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to us all.

2). The question _______ we ndde to spend more time on the project has not been discussed.

3). The explanation _______ he had met with an accident on his way was acceptable.

Keys: 1). that 2). whether 3). that

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牛津译林版八年级上- 8A-U n i t4-知识点梳 理 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a5925241.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

8A Unit4 知识点解析与练习 1.What should I do I don’t know. = I don’t know what I should do. (从句陈述句语序) = I don’t know what to do. (特殊疑问词+to do) 类似结构：如何做 ________________ 做什么 __________________ 什么时候离开 ___________________ 去哪儿 _________________ 2.Here come a cat and two dogs. (全倒装：Here+谓语+主语) Here he is. (半倒装：Here+主语+谓语) 倒装句：①动词单复看主语②没有现在进行时。Look! Here ___________ (come) the bus! 3.instruction 指示;说明可数 an instruction some instructions明确的指示 _____________ 区分：tips for (doing) sth (做)某事的提示 4.No problem! 没问题 have problems with sth I have problems __________ English. have problems (in) doing sth. I have problems ________________ (learn) Englsih. 5.It says/reads, “Do it yourself.”写着看书/报 read books/newspapers 6. tools 工具: 可数: 刷子brush(es) 绳子rope(s) 不可数: 胶水glue 胶带tape 复数名词剪刀scissors Eg. A pair of scissors _______ cheap. When we use scissors, we should be careful with _______. 7. exact adj.确切的 Can you tell me the _____________ number of the visitors. exactly adv. 确切地; 精确地 Can you tell me ____________ the number of the visitors? 8. clear adj. 清楚的；明确的 (比较级: clear er) clearly adv. 清楚地; 明确地 (比较级: more clearly) Eg. This picture looks much ________ than the last one. Can you see it _________ than before? 9. stand for代表/象征/意味 stand-stood The Great Wall _____________ China. ________ the Great Wall stand for China (一般疑问句) ________ _________ the Great Wall stand for (特殊疑问句) 10. decorate v.装修 Thank you for _____________ my new house. 过去式：decorated 11. 人pay sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事 pay-paid 人pay (钱) for sth 付(多少)钱买某物 12. I’m going to make some paper roses. = some roses made of paper 13. It sounds/looks lovely. 系动词+形容词 Does it sound/look lovely? 14. 行为动词need：(1)need sth (2)need to do sth (3)need sb to do sth (4)need ...for sth 情态动词need：needn’t do sth 不必 Eg. You don’t need to do exercise every day. = You ___________ ___________ every day. 15. be crazy about sb./sth./doing sth. 对…着迷 crazy-crazier- the craziest Eg. My mother is _______________ (痴迷的) about making paper roses in my family. 16. finish sth./ doing sth. 结束某事 17. terrible adj. 可怕的 That sounds/looks _____________ terrible-terribly adv. 可怕地；非常，极度地 Eg. be___________ ill/hurt I’m __________ sorry for being late. 1