新世纪大学英语(第二版)学术英语视听说教程第2册Unit3_听力原文

Whether you love it or hate it, work is a major part of most people’s lives everywhere in the world. Americans are no exception. Americans might complain about “blue Monday,” when they have to go back to work after the weekend, but most of them put a lot of importance on their job, not only in terms of money but also in terms of identity. In fact, when Americans are introduced to a new person, they almost always ask each other, “What do you do?” They are really asking, “What is your job or profession?” Today, however, we won’t look at work in terms of what work means socially or psychologically. Rather, um, we’re going to take a look at work in the United States today in three different ways. First, we’ll take a historical look at work in America. Uh, we’ll do that by looking at how things changed for the American worker from the year 1900 to the year of the latest statistics, 2010. That is, from the beginning of the twentieth century to recent times. Then we’ll look at how U.S. workers are doing today. And after that, we’ll take a look at some possible reasons for the current economic situation. And finally, we’ll look at what people are saying about what the government should and should not do in order to improve the country’s economy.

As we look at the changes over the last century or so, we’re going to use a lot of statistics to describe these changes. First, let’s consider how the type of work people were involved in changed. At the beginning of the twentieth century, in 1900, about 38 percent of the workforce was involved in agriculture; that is, they worked on a farm. By the end of the century, only 3 percent still worked on farms, and by 2010, only about 1 percent worked in agriculture. There was also a large decrease in the number of people working in industry, that is, in making, or manufacturing, things in factories. The number of workers in industry is down from over 30 percent in 1900 to just over 22 percent in 2010.

While the number of people in agriculture and manufacturing industries went down, the number of people in the services went up. As you may know, services, rather than goods or products, provide other less concrete things that people need. A few examples include education, health care, transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, and legal services. Cafes, restaurants, and fast-food outlets like McDonald’s are part of the service sector, as are retail sales jobs, driving taxis, and pumping gas. The services workforce jumped from 31 percent of the workforce in 1900 to 77 percent in 2010.

Let’s recap the numbers: in 1900, 38 percent in agriculture; 31 percent in industry; and 31 percent in services. In 2010, about 1 percent in agriculture; 22 percent in industry; and 77 percent in services.

To put things into perspec tive, let’s compare the United States today to China, where the picture is very different. From your experience, would you expect China to have more workers in agriculture or in industry? Well, it may or may not surprise you, but in China, agriculture takes up only 10 percent of the workforce, industry a huge 47 percent, and services 43 percent. Figures for the entire world are somewhere between China’s and the United States’ figures: 6 percent, 31 percent, and 63 percent for agriculture, industry, and serv ices, respectively. Let’s get back to the changes in the U.S. workforce in the last century or so.

There are just two more points I wanted to bring up. First, child labor was not unusual at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1900, there were 1,750,000 children aged 10 to 15 working full-time in the labor force. This was 6 percent of the labor force. Over the years, child labor laws became much stricter and by 1999, it was illegal for anyone under 16 to work full-time in any of the 50 states. Second, while the number of children in the workforce went down, the number of women went up dramatically. In 1900, only 19 percent of women were employed; in 2010, almost 73 percent of women were holding down jobs.

OK, now let’s take a look at how the U.S. workforce is doing today. First, let me say that for much of the twentieth century, U.S. workers saw rising wages, increased benefits like Social Security and health insurance, and better working conditions. However, things are not so rosy for today’s workers. First, let’s look at wages. The U.S. workforce is still considered extremely productive among the industrialized nations of the world, but while its productivity has continued to increase since the 1970s, wages for the working class have not increased. Also the number of the unemployed has been high for some of the past few years.

Let me give you some statistics that may help you understand the impact of stagnant wages and high unemployment. Shortly after World War II, a child born in poverty, that is, to a poor family, had a 50 percent chance of being in the middle class as an adult. But by 1980, a person born in poverty had a 40 percent chance. In 2012, economists told us that his or her chance of entering the middle class was only 33 percent.

Finally, let’s take a look at some of the possible reasons for the current situation. First of all, agriculture in the United States has become much more mechanized and more efficient, so fewer people are needed to grow crops and raise animals. Most people agree that outsourcing, that is, sending some U.S. manufacturing and service work overseas to countries like China and India that have lower wages, is one reason. At the same time, these countries manufacture products that they can export to the United States and other countries more cheaply than U.S. companies can manufacture them. Also we should keep in mind that some advances in technology have eliminated a lot of the jobs that required workers in the past. I’m thinking of robots in the auto industry and bank ATM machines, for example. In addition to outsourcing and advances in technology, unions, which protect workers’ rights, have become weaker in the past decades. The result is lower wages and even loss of jobs for people from factory workers to teachers. Some economists point out that the American consumer has benefited from outsourcing and technology in that many products are much cheaper. That is cold comfort to millions of workers who have lost their jobs, of course. Let’s look at some mor e reasons.

Other possible causes for the economic problems may be government policies and legislation, among them tax cuts and lack of regulation of businesses, especially large corporations and financial institutions such as banks, mortgage companies, and investment firms. Tax cuts mean the government has less money to provide programs to help people in difficulty or to invest in education and research. Lack of regulation of financial institutions has led to their making very risky investments, risky investments that have led to loss of jobs, lost pensions, and loss of homes. It’s important to note, however, that many people believe that high taxes and too

much regulation pull down the economy.

These issues are very difficult ones, and discussions about how to fix the economy can get very heated. Liberals and conservatives blame each other, and the political process seems more polarized than ever before. However, let’s not forget that the United States has survived many economic downturns in the p ast and “cautious optimism” about the U.S. economy seems to be the watchword of the day in newspapers and magazine articles about the economy at this time. Even the prestigious World Economic Forum, which met in Davos, Switzerland, in late January of 2012, expressed optimism and caution, in other words, “cautious optimism.”1. 若不给自己设限，则人生中就没有限制你发挥的藩篱。2. 若不是心宽似海，哪有人生风平浪静。在纷杂的尘世里，为自己留下一片纯静的心灵空间，不管是潮起潮落，也不管是阴晴圆缺，你都可以免去浮躁，义无反顾，勇往直前，轻松自如地走好人生路上的每一步3. 花一些时间，总会看清一些事。用一些事情，总会看清一些人。有时候觉得自己像个神经病。既纠结了自己，又打扰了别人。努力过后，才知道许多事情，坚持坚持，就过来了。4. 岁月是无情的，假如你丢给它的是一片空白，它还给你的也是一片空白。岁月是有情的，假如你奉献给她的是一些色彩，它奉献给你的也是一些色彩。你必须努力，当有一天蓦然回首时，你的回忆里才会多一些色彩斑斓，少一些苍白无力。只有你自己才能把岁月描画成一幅难以忘怀的人生画卷。

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Unit One Man and Nature Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) spark 2) compelled 3) bare 4) scrape 5) destruction 6) output 7) retreat 8) tipped 9) miracle 10) eternal 11) pile 12) transfer 13) mass 14) thereby 15) have emerged 16) trigger 17) threaten 18) consumed 19) hollow 2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1) show signs of 2) cope with 3) lives in fear of 4) tough it out 5) cut down 6) from head to foot 7) searched out 8) nothing short of 9) As yet 10) settle in 11) take heart

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新世纪大学英语(第二版)学术英语视听说教程第2册Unit3_听力原文

Whether you love it or hate it, work is a major part of most people ' s lives everywhere in tl world. America ns are no excepti on. America ns might compla in about “ blue Mon day, ” whe n the' have to go back to work after the weeke nd, but most of them put a lot of importa nee on their job, not only in terms of money but also in terms of ide ntity .In fact, whe n America ns are in troduced to a new pers on, they almost always ask each other, “ What do you do? ” They are really ask ing, “ What is your job or profession? ” Today, however, we won ' t look at work in terms of what work means socially or psychologically. Rather, um, we ' re going to take a look at work in the United States today in three differe nt ways. First, we ' ll take a historical look at work in "America. Uh, we ll do that by look ing at how things cha nged for the America n worker from the year 1900 to the year of the latest statistics, 2010. That is, from the begi nning of the twen tieth cen tury to rece nt times. Then we ' ll look at how U.S. workers are doing today. And after that, we ' ll take a loo some possible reas ons for the curre nt econo mic situati on. And fin ally, we ' ll look at what peop are saying about what the government should and should not do in order to improve the country ' s economy. As we look at the changes over the last century or so, we ' re going to use a lot of statistics to describe these changes. First, let ' consider how the type of work people were involved in cha nged. At the beg inning of the twen tieth cen tury, in 1900, about 38 perce nt of the workforce was involved in agriculture; that is, they worked on a farm. By the end of the century, only 3 percent still worked on farms, and by 2010, only about 1 percent worked in agriculture. There was also a large decrease in the number of people working in industry, that is, in making, or manufacturing, things in factories. The number of workers in industry is down from over 30 perce nt in 1900 to just over 22 perce nt in 2010. While the number of people in agriculture and manufacturing industries went down, the number of people in the services went up. As you may know, services, rather than goods or products, provide other less con crete things that people n eed. A few examples in clude educati on, health care, transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, and legal services. Cafes, restaurants, and fast-food outlets like McDonald ' s are part of the service sector, as are retail sales jobs, driving taxis, and pump ing gas. The services workforce jumped from 31 perce nt of the workforce in 1900 to 77 perce nt in 2010. Let ' s recap the numbers: in 1900, 38 percent in agriculture; 31 percent in industry; and 31 percent in services. In 2010, about 1 percent in agriculture; 22 percent in industry; and 77 perce nt in services. To put things into perspec tive, let ' s compare the United States today to China, where the picture is very differe nt. From your experie nee, would you expect China to have more workers in agriculture or in industry? Well, it may or may not surprise you, but in China, agriculture takes up only 10 perce nt of the workforce, in dustry a huge 47 perce nt, and services 43 perce nt. Figures for the entire world are somewhere between China ' s and the United States ' figures: 6 percent, 31 percent, and 63 percent for agriculture, industry, and serv ices, respectively. Let ' s get back to the changes in the U.S. workforce in the last century or so. There are just two more points I wan ted to bring up. First, child labor was not unu sual at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1900, there were 1,750,000 children aged 10 to 15 working full-time in the labor force. This was 6

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10)rob 11)symbol 12)appreciated 13)displayed 14)slip 15)conquer 16)roast 17)figured 2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings Do you know how to use them in the proper context Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: 1)in rich contrast to 2)are exposed to 3)risked his life 4)rely on 5)at knife-point 6)stands out

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Unit 3 Psychology C. Listening Exercise Listen to a conversation and choose the best answers to the questions you hear. 1. What do you know about Harry’s dog Fido? A. He doesn’t like his master any more. B. He has just moved to a new place. C. He gets up late every morning. D. He has been quite nervous and restless. 2. What does Jenny suggest Harry should do? A. He should take Fido to the vet. B. He should put Fido on medication. C. He should take Fido for a walk. D. He should let Fido play fetch. 3. What do you think Harry will do to his dog? A. He will take his dog for a walk everyday. B. He will consult a scientist for a test on his dog. C. He will try his best to perk up his dog. D. He will put his dog on medication. 4. What does the scientific research tell us? A. Dog emotions are quite similar to the emotions of humans. B. Dogs should be put on medication whenever they are ill. C. The brain of humans is more complicated than that of dogs. D. Antidepressants cannot be used as medication for dogs. 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation? A. Jenny may have a different idea towards pet treatment from Harry. B. Some pet-owners may overdo the treatment when their pets are ill. C. Harry is an expert on brain science of humans and dogs. D. Magnetic Resonance Scanner can be used in analyzing dog emotions. Script: Jenny: Hello, Harry, you look pale. What’s wrong? Harry: Hi, Jenny. It’s just Fido, my beloved dog. He’s been acting kind of lazy these days. Ever since we moved, he’s just been like this. Jenny: Oh my! Do you take him for a walk everyday? Harry: I used to, but now he doesn’t even want to play fetch. He loved that so much before. Jenny: If I were you, I’d take him to the vet. Probably he’s ill. Harry: Well, I did so yesterday. The vet says the reason he’s been so down is that he’s depressed, and he recommends we put him on medication. Jenny: Are you sure you want to take his suggestion? Harry: Yeah, I think so. We’re hoping that the medication will cheer Fido up. If it doesn’t, maybe we’ll consider upping his dosage until he seems back to normal.

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Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1)positive 2)startled 3)perspective 4)harden 5)shape 6)address 7)crises 8)curse 9)incredible 10)conversely 11)issue 12)response 13)prior 14)rare 15)accomplish 2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1)get the hang of 2)have lived through 3)makes a difference 4)have no idea 5)concerned with 6)slipped over 7)ran into 8)in reverse 9)mull over ▆Increasing Your Word Power 1.Decide whether “do”, “make” or “take” is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary.

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新世纪大学英语视听说 教程答案 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]

Unit 1 Lesson A P2 A a8 b2 c1 d4 e145 f6789 g1367 h145 i67 P3 A B P3 B 1F 2T 3F 4T 5T 6F 7T P4 B Yes P6 A 1.Sigapore 2.Greenland 3.Angel Falls 4.Etna 5.the Andes 6.Mammonth Cave https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b8996792.html,ke Baikal 8.the Sahara 9.Canada’s P8 A 2 P8 B 1257 P8 A The picture on the right. P9 B 1.very famous buildings 2.made of glass, steel,concrete 3.designed

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新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版课后题答案-综合教程 新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版综合教程课后题答案 Unit One Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions

1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: bunch 1)amazed 2)shift 3)bundle 4)drop 5)capacity 6)participating 7)style 8)commerce 9)rob 10)symbol 11)appreciated 12)displayed 13)slip 14)conquer 15)roast 16)figured 17) 2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:

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Unit1 Activity 2 Boy: Hey, Grandma, what’s in this box Grandma: Oh, nothing really… Just a few old keepsakes. B: Keepsakes G: Young man, you know what a keepsake is ! B: No, I don’t. I really don’t G: Well, it’s something you keep. It’s something that giv es you a lot of memories. B: Oh. What’s this G: Now don’t go just digging around in there! ... Hmmm, let’s see…. that’s my first diary. B: Can I…. G: No, you can’t read it! It’s personal! I wrote about my first boyfriend in there. He became your grandfather! B: Oh, ok…. Well then, what’s that It has your picture in it. G: That’s my passport. YOU can see, I traveled to Europe by ship. B: What’s that big book G: My yearbook. It’s my high school book of memories. B: Class of 1961! Boy, that’s old! G: That’s about enough out of you, young man. I think it’s time we put this box away and… Activity3 At the age of thirteen, I took my first trip alone. I went to visit my grandparents in Los Angeles. I felt very nervous about traveling so far, but my mother said, “Don’t worry. You’ll be fine.” I got on the airplane and talked for a long time to a very nice woman who sat next to me. My grandparents met me at the airport and took me to their home. I stayed there for two weeks, and I had so much fun with them! It was my first time in Los Angeles, and I saw lots of really interesting places. In the end, I didn’t want to go home! Activity4 Making memories A popular new hobby is scrapbooking---making beautiful books to hold special memories. Scrapbook pages can include photos, drawings, journal entries. It’s not hard to make a scrapbook that you will enjoy for many years. Here are the steps.. 1. Choose a theme for your scrapbook pages. Some examples: “School days,” “ Family travel,” “Memories of my grandparents,” “ Baby’s first year.” 2. Select photos for each page. Two or three really good photos are better than ten so-so photos. 3. Find other paper keepsakes to use with your photos. Look for old newspaper clippings, postcards, tickets, report cards, letters--- anything made of paper. Use your imagination! 4. Design the pages. Put photos and keepsakes together on each page and move them around until you find a layout that you like. 5. Glue your photos and keepsakes into place. Then decorate your pages with felt pens, paint, and stickers. Use your imagination! 6. Label your pages. This is the most important step! Remember to write down the “5 Ws” of your photos: Who,

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Text A Comprehension Check I Directions（Part 1）risk pulled shepherded lodging ranger sacks bundles noted simple kin II Directions （Part 2）F F T F T T T

T F III Directions （Part 3） D C B A B Self-test I Directions（Part 1） 1)B 2) C 3) D 4) C 5) D A 7) C 8) D 9) A 10) A B 12) D 13) C 14) B 15) B 16)C 17)D 18) A 19) D 20) B II Directions （Part 2）run contrary to pull over risk his life picked, up Come on in take a gamble

help out in, circumstances have in mind pulled away stand out rely on III Directions （Part 3）F A D C B E IV Directions （Part4）exhausting to complete to do laughing, talking informed to have U2 Text A Comprehension Check

I Directions（Part 1）rational crisis good self-fulfilling great upward hopeful problems positive ongoing II Directions （Part 2）T T F T F F T T T F