传统四级作文写作

传统四级作文写作：议论+说明类

传统的四级作文写作多半是一篇简短的议论加说明的小文章。其主题无非是以某种社会现象为主题，围绕其进行解释和说明，最终加以评论。比如，有关假冒伪劣产品问题，有关考试制度问题，有关学生兼职问题等等。这一类的作文相对来说不太难写，因为题目中有中文的索引，考生只要按照索引列出的条目搭好构架，逻辑清晰，解释充分，论点和论据鲜

明并能够自圆其说就可以了。一般来说这样的文章写三段到四段比较合适：第一段，提出问题；第二段，说明问题；第三段，论问题。

总的来说，这种传统型作文可分为四大类：

一、解释说明类

题型特点：针对某一事物、道理、现象进行描述、分析和议论，不需要与其他问题进行对比，所以只要将此问题叙述详尽，论点得当就可以。

基本结构：

a.People always said that…( raise the question or phenomenon)

b.Why they said so? Because there are many examples in life to illustrate that. (set up

some examples to explain the above point.)

c.Conclusion of the topic and the examples.

常用词汇、短语：

It is said…

As people often say that…

We can see that from some examples. One is…

Furthermore,…

Besides that, we can also see that…

All in all,…

Form the above, we can see…

范文：1. 人们常说“熟能生巧”。怎么理解？

2．例如，在英语学习中……

3. 又如，……

4. 所以，……

Practice Makes Perfect

There is a good saying in China: “熟能生巧”, which means practice makes perfect. In other words, when we learn a skill, we should practice it from time to time, and thus we will gradually master it and do it perfectly.

For example, the mastery of English requires the abilities to read, listen, speak and write efficiently. It requires much practice to acquire these abilities. If you want to improve your listening comprehension ability, you must listen to English tapes frequently. Then after a short time, you will find you can catch what it is said to you easily. Keep it up and you will improve greatly.

Practice leads to perfection.To master any skill, you must practice. If you want to

become a singer, you should not merely listen to others singing songs. You should be trained under the direction of an instructor. Hard work leads to success.

So, practice is very important to success. There has never been a shortcut to any accomplishment. If you encounter difficulties in your study or in your life, don’t be discouraged. Just remember: practice makes perfect.

点评：此篇文章内容表达清楚，层次分明（见黑体字），除了解释熟能生巧的道理外，还能依据要求进行解释，用词得当贴切，比如Practice makes perfect 和success之间的关系。结尾部分用简单的论述加以概括，收尾简洁有力。

一、对比类

题型特点：此类作文通常是要将两种观点作为对比，最终，要求考生提出自己的立场。写作的顺序是：提出第一种观点，并加以说明why it says so; 提出第二种观点，并加以说明why it says so; 提出个人的观点，并加以说明why I say so。注意：各部分不但要提出观点，

还要充分，贴切地说明这个WHY。最后作者个人的观点也要能自圆其说。

基本结构和常用词与短语：

a. Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1.

But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2.

As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.

More importantly, 论据2.

Most important of all, 论据3.

In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.

或者是From above, we can predict that 预测.

b. People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.

For one thing, 论据1.

For another, 论据2.

Last but not the least, 论据3.

To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.

或From above, we can predict that 预测.

c. There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.

First of all, 论据1

Furthermore, 论据2

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点

As a…(通常是作者作为某种身份的人，比如college student), I am supposed to 表决范文：长假？还是短假？

1、有人赞成学校应该给学生放长假。

2、有人赞成假期应该短些。

3、我个人的观点。

"VACATION, LONG OR SHORT？

Some people favor long vacations for students. They believe students can have enough time to do things that cannot be finished within a short period. During a long vacation, they may make a complicated experiment, carry out an explicit investigation or go to a faraway place for some necessary field work. Take a full time job to

earn money for one or two months. Besides these, they can have enough time to deal with their private issues in a long vacation.

But, some other people are in favor of short vacations. They also have understandable reasons. For two or three weeks' rest is adequate for students to refresh themselves without forgetting the lessons that are to be continued next semester. Short

vacations also mean to rest three times a school year and short semesters. To study in this way

is easier than to study for a long exhausting time with many courses and lessons crammed together.

As for me, I think I am in line with the first opinion, because the studying in a semester is really a long and hard process,so the students may feel very tired and the studying may be mechanic. A long vacation will allow them to do what they really like to do, and in the meanwhile, have a good rest for the next period of study.

点评：文章中的黑字部分是各个观点的总起，也是文章中逻辑转换，层次交替的关键。本文中最后一段的个人观点是赞同了上两个观点中的一种，当然，考生也可以提出与两者不同的观点，或者是说取两者的部分加以赞同或反对。比如，In my opinion, I think there are reasonable parts in the above two ones, but both of them have weak points……或者，I have different views from the above two……如果是要这样论述的话,就要注意，论述必须紧扣假期长短好坏的主题，而且要具有普遍意义，不能游离主题，或只针对自己的情况加以论述。

二、比较类

题型特点：此类作文一般是比较一件事物或现象的优缺点，最终做出观点总结。写作顺序是：第一，提出现象；第二，列举好坏因素；第三，提出自己的体会或结论或可行措施。

基本结构和常用词、短语：可参照上文。

范文：1、今天，越来越多的人养宠物。养宠物可能给人带来的好处。

2、养宠物可能带来的问题

3、我对此的观点。

Now, more and more families keep pets with them. Is that good or not? On one hand, a pet animal can make us feel happy. Besides, having a companionship with pets can give us a sense of love and being loved. Often, a cat or dog can comfort us at time when human words fail to help. Pets also keep us in touch with the more natural animal

world. Learning to care for a pet helps a child to grow up into a loving adult who feels

responsible towards those dependent on him. A pet dog brings its master a sense of

confidence, for he can see in the dog that faithfulness does exist. In fact, we keep pets for

emotional rather than economic reasons.

On the other hand, although keeping pets has some advantages, it does have some disadvantages. Keeping pets needs time and resource. Those who are crazy about pets sometimes neglect their duties. It is a shame that many animals eat good food while thousand

of people go hungry in some parts of our overpopulated, troubled world. Furthermore, the growing number of pets has caused serious hygiene problem that cannot be solved. Not to say

it's against nature to cage birds, chain dogs and keep cats with the house.

Every coin has two sides, so there is nothing perfect in the world. In my opinion, we should not make an arbitrary judgment simply to say it’s good or bad to keep pets. Since humans do need pets, there will be pet-keeping forever. The right way is, not make things go to extreme, but keep it in an understandable and reasonable way. As we take care of the animals, we also shall not forget there are lots of humans need our care too.

点评：文章分两个步骤举出并论述了养宠物的原因与评价。层次分明，并且在一个观点中分出了几个小的层次，用连接词或转折词连接，使层次感更加清晰。最终给出自己的结论。注意，该结论的论点与论述都是基于上两个观点的看法之上的，实际也是对上两种观点的个人评判，因此文章的内容更加围绕中心，论述也会更显清晰有力。

三、立论类

题型特点：立论类与比较类有相似之处，也是提出现象，进行比较或解释说明，最终提出作者自己的观点。不过，立论类文章给的线索不像比较类那么清楚，所以在理请逻辑，并得出适当的结论方面对作者的要求更高些。

基本模式和常用词、短语：

A．一个社会问题或者现象

B．产生的原因/正误分析

C．对社会和我们生活的影响

D．如何看待/如何采取措施

E．前景的预测（如果需要的话）

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). / Generally speaking, it is well-know that…(摆出问题)

According to a survey, …调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon./ In fact, the truth is just like it./ In fact, the truth is just in an opposite way.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 同上

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

范文：1.人们以为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水、河水、井水……）

2．实际上，淡水是非常紧缺的（提示：人口增长、工业用水增长、污染……）

3. 结论

There is a universal phenomenon that people always tend to take something for granted, for example, the water.It is widely assumed that world’s fresh water supply can last forever, because we can get enough water resource from rain, rivers or wells. Unfortunately, it is not the case.

Scientists have revealed that despite the fact that seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water, only a small part of it is fresh water. Ninety of fresh water is locked in the Antarctic zone and cannot be used directly.

Besides this, people in modern world consume or waste a great amount of water every day. The overpopulated cities and rapidly-developing industries require enormous consumption of water, and in the meanwhile, produce severe pollution to the water resource.

Faced with this, people should realize that humans are at stake with the shortage of water. Maybe in the near future, there will be no fresh water for humans on the planet. Since fresh water is so critical to our survival, we should take measures to protect the fresh water resource. We can control the number of factories and the wastes they produce, and use fresh water economically. Only by this, we can not only save the fresh water, but also save ourselves.

点评：本文构思严密，中心问题明确，阐述论证围绕淡水问题的中心，文字连贯紧凑，最终结论与问题密切相关。

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