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The Influence of Geographical Environment on English

Proverbs

【Abstract】

There is a close connection between geographical environment and people’s development.People live and product depend on geographical environment,and they are protected by the exterior surroundings condition,so, the culture can form and develop. As an inherent spirit and cultural heritage of a nation, the English proverbs are more tend to oceanity because of England geographical environment. England is a seagirt island country,and this ocean environment has an important effect on culture.Proverbs, as a part of English culture, which is not only people’s wisdom combined with industry, but also reflects the influence of geographical environment on English proverbs.So,the paper is based on this environment and study the interrelation between environment and English proverbs.

【摘要】地理环境与人类的发展有着密不可分的关系。人类依靠地理环境生产生活并受其外部条件保护。因此文化得以形成和发展。作为一个民族的固有精神和文化遗产，英国谚语的特点由于其地理环境更倾向于海洋性。英国是一个四面环海的国家，海洋环境对文化产生了深刻的影响。谚语，作为文化的一部分，它不仅是人类勤劳和智慧的结晶，而且反映了地理环境对英谚的影响。因此，本篇论文基于环境的角度去研究地理环境与英谚的相互关系。

【Key Words 】Geographical environment England Proverbs

【关键词】地理环境英国谚语

1.Introduction

Proverbs,which derive from life are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.They can reflect geography,history,customs of a nation’s proverbs when English major students try to study its culture.On the country,students can analyze geographical environment, how to influence English proverbs.It’s benefit for college English major students to learn about English culture and language and avoid making mistakes.

2.Basic concepts and characteristic of proverbs

2.1Basic concepts

The definition of proverb by Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary is “short well-known saying that states a general truth or give advice.”Proverbs are the cream of a language.They reflect the relationship between language and culture. A famous English writer and philosopher,Francis Bacon,who said “The genius,wit and spirit of a nation are discovered in it’s proverbs” A proverb is a simple and concrete saying, popularly known and repeated,which expresses a truth based on common or the practical experience .

2.2Characteristics

Proverbs are frequently used orally and handed down from generation to generation and speak the truth.They are short sentences with common style,concise structure,and vivid language,summing up of practical experiences and giving people advice or warning.

3.Brief instruction of geographical environment in England

The United Kingdom is an island country in the Atlantic, leaving the European continent and close to the continent of Europe, composed of Great Britain and the northeastern part of Ireland and many other islands.

The British Isles are situated in the northwest of Europe.They are cut off from the English Channel. On the north and east the Isles face the Atlantic Ocean.Its total area is 244110 square kilometers. It runs over 1000 kilometers from south to north and extends,at the widest part,about 500 kilometers,making it one of the countries with the longest coastline.And the total length of coastline 1,1450 km,the island is no more than 1.2 million km from the sea anywhere.

3.The influence factors of geographical environment on English proverbs

For English proverbs, geographical environment is a critical factor.For example,China,a landlocked country in Asia is still predominantly agricultural for thousands of years,people is connected to land,in Chinese,there are many Chinese proverbs about river,land,and agriculture.So, the characteristics of English proverbs can be affected sharply by geographical environment in England.

4.1Sea environment

England is an island country of the Atlantic,ocean plays an important role in their daily life.So British people often use some words,such as sea,water,and so on.For example, “all at sea”means a person who doesn’t know what to do next.

And navigation is a main feature of the UK, but navigation is often accompanied by danger,so there are many proverbs about shipwreck.For example, “get into deep water”means land oneself in deep trouble. “in low water” means be lack of money.

4.2Fishing industry

Britain is surrounded by the sea, there are many rivers and lakes, so it is teemed with varieties of fishes.Britain has an abundant precipitation and the terrain is rugged, thus creating a dense river network, the Thames River from west to East through the South England plain, and finally into the North Sea. The river’s water level is stable, never frozen, which provides favorable conditions for the survival and development of fish. So the England has a developed fishing industry ,which is one of the important fishing nations in Europe.

4.2.1Fish

Stable marine environment provides a good living condition for a variety of fish species in Britain.There are also have some proverbs ,such as “have other fish to fry”means have other things to do, “white about gills”means have a try; “Never fry a fish till it’s caught”means don’t be hurry; “to throw a sprat to catch a whale”means somebody use low budget to make much money.

4.2.2Ship

The ship is an important part of marine culture in the UK, there are two main reasons as following: first, the UK has a long seafaring history , the ship is an important tool for exploring the world and communicating with the outside world. Second, because of a well-developed fishing industry in England, which is a significant source of income. The ship is the production tool and economic security for the British people. So there are many English proverbs about the ship.For example: “miss the

boat”means lose the chance, “when the ship comes home”means good luck, “ships that pass in the night” means passers-by in your life.

4.2.3Wind

The wind y is a very important factor in English fishing industry, people can not sail without wind, and people can’t catch fish.So, English people always pay more attention on wind direction,and wind power .So the English proverbs about wind is very common.For example, “raise the wind”, “sail against the wind”means against work in the difficult conditions, “hang in the wind”means hesitation.

5.Conclusion

As the saying goes in England: “words don’t have meanings, people have meaning for words.”But trace to the source,people’s language and culture develop around specific geographical environment,and the environment just as soil,water,nourishing people’s history and languages. A side water and soil raises a side people,the environment is different,the culture is different,so proverbs will show the unique regional characteristics.According to analyzing the geographical conditions,especially the marine environment,and the specific concept of proverbs,students can have a further illustration about an important impact of the island's unique geographical environment on the formation of English proverbs. Which makes an active promote operation for English major students in promoting cross-cultural learning.

6.Reference

【1】陆国强现代英语词汇学[M]. 上海外语教育出版社，1999

【2】王德春杨素英黄月圆汉英谚语与文化上海外语教育出版社，2003 【3】平洪英语习语与英美文化北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000

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英语词汇学串讲<上> 第一讲： 1.考试题形式分为： Ⅰ.选择题(30分)：完全是考书中的例子，理论与例子的结合,也就是‘Theory’和‘Example’ 的结合。 Ⅱ.填空（10分）：考特例,不是考简单的‘Examples﹑Theory’而是考‘Exceptions’ . Ⅲ.（10分）考试内容： ⅰ.Types of meaning changes: 词意变化的种类 ⅱ.Types of meaning : 词义的种类，如：概念意义，联想意义，情感意义等。 ⅲ.Languages branches :语系与语族, 语系如：印欧语系；语族如：一个大的语系下分为那几个小的语族，如：日尔曼语族，斯堪的纳维亚语族等。 ⅳ. Feathers of idioms: 习语的特点 Ⅳ.(10分) 考试内容： ⅰ.Types of Bound Morphemes: 粘着词素的种类 ⅱ.Types of Word Formations: 构词法的种类 ⅲ.Types of Meaning: 词义的种类 ⅳ.Types of Meaning of Idioms:习语涵义的种类 Ⅴ. 名词解释(10分)： Ⅵ. 简答题(12分)： ⅰ.比较题：两种理论/概念之间的区别就叫比较题，比如说‘概念意义与联想意义有何区别，粘着词素与派生词根有何区别，两种事物与两种理论之间的区别等。 ⅱ.名词解释扩展题：难的名词解释派生的简答题，如:Affected Meaning 名词解释起来太长了，放在简答题里，就成为：What is Affected Meaning, briefly exemplify it. ⅲ.Optional: 可考可不考的题，往往是给出名词让你举例子 Ⅶ.分析题(18分)：给出例子，让你用理论加以分析。二. 串讲内容： Introduction 部分： Lexicology 这门课算哪一种学科的分支: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics. Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系: 1)Morphology 2) Semantics 3) Stylistics 4) Etymology 5) Lexicography词典编纂研究lexicology 的两大方法: 1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学 2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学 e.g. wife 纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman 词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式？ Woman 的词义的变化算Narrowing or specialization 第一章部分： What is word ?

(完整版)英语词汇学试题

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