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商务英语实务

1.What are the obligations of the seller under the following terms:FAS,FOB and CIF?

FAS means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside the vessel on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment.

FOB means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship's rail at the named port of shipment.

CIF means that the seller has the same obligations as under CFR but with the addition that that he has to procedure marine insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage.The seller contract for insurance and pays the insurance premium.

2.Advantages and disadvantages of ocean transport:

Advantages:The first advantage is the easy passage since about 70﹪of the earth is covered by water.Secondly,ocean transport has a large capacity.Thirdly,because of such large capacity,the unit distribution cost is reduced.Finally,ocean transport has good capacity to cargoes of different size,weight,shape,etc.

Disadvantages:The first disadvantage is the slow passage of ocean transport.In addition,ocean transport is vulnerable to bad weather and less punctual.

3.General procedures of ocean transport by liners:

1）Find out freight rate.

2）Select a shipping line and a particular vessel for reliable service and reasonable cost.

3）Book shipping space.

4）Register cargo on a shipping note,which describes the details of cargo,and send the shipping note to the shipping line.

5）Register details on the customs forms.

6）Arrange adequate packing,including shipping marks.

7）Receive calling forward notice from shipping line.

8）Send cargo to the port of shipment with consignment note,which has the details of the shipment.

9）Pay freight bill.

10）Receive from the shipping line a bill of lading.

11）Send B/L via shipping line or directly to consignee or to a bank actting as intermediary.

4.Work before and after offers

1)Carry on promotional communication to make the business and commodities known to proential customers so that there will be actual sales.

2)Receive inquires to get potential customers and acknowledge inquires without delay to show your efficiency and sincerity.

3)Check on inquirer's credit standing,his country's political/economic situation,and import/exchange barriers to decide if a transaction should be pursued on the basis of the findings.

4)Work out an offer in which price is by far the most important item.

5)Send the offer which should be carefully typed and nicely presented as it presents the image of the exporter.

6)Follow up with the offer to show that you are serious about the transaction by contacting the inquirer again .

7)Receive order.After you have received an order,check the customer's credit standing again if necessary.

5.General procedures of using documentary collection:

1）The seller ships the merchandise and obtains B/L from the shipping line,then draws a draft on the buyer demanding payment for the documents.

2）The seller forwards the draft and documents to his bank,along with a collection order containing the terms and conditions for the release of documents to the buyer.

3）The remitting bank completes its own collection order addressed to the buyer's bank.This collection order will contain the same instructions as the seller's collection order.The remitting bank's collection order is then sent to the buyer's bank,along with other documents.

4）When the draft is paid,the collecting bank sends the funds to the remitting bank for credit to the principal's account.

6.Factors that influence insurance underwriter to consider:

1）The first factor is the nature of packing used.

2）The second is the type and the value of the merchandise to be insured.

3）Thirdly,the nature of transit and the related warehouse accommodation will be considered.

4）Then,the past experience of the insurance company is also important in fixing premium rate. 5）All Risks will definitely cost more than WA and FRA.

6）Lastly,the volume of cargo also influences the premium.

7.Two types of risks covered by ocean marine insurance:

1）The first type is the perils of the sea that include both natural calamities and fortuitous accidents.Natural calamities refer to earthquake,heavy weather such as hurricane.Fortuitous accidents include fire,smoking,stranding,etc.

2）The second type of risks covered is extraneous risks.These risks include ordinary risks such as theft,pilferage,shortage,etc and special risks such as strike,war,failure to deliver,etc.

8.Import procedures:

1）Import license.In order to import,an importer must obtain an import license from the government.

2）Sales contract.It will determine the rights and obligations of both the importer and the exporter.

3）L/C.①The importer should open the L/C in time in favor of the exporter who would usually arrange production or shipment after receiving this important document. ②The exporter should check L/C terms after receiving it.

4）Shipment and insurance.The importer should should arrange the insurance and ask the exporter to advise the shipment in time.

5）Document examination and payment.The importer should examine the documents presented by the exporter to confirm if they meet the requirement of the sales contract and payment should be made if no problems exsit.

6）Customs clearance.The imported goods must be cleared through the custom.

7）Taking delivery and reinspection.The importer can now take delivery of the goods from the carrier.

8）Settlement of disputes.The disputes should be submitted to arbitration.

9.Export procedures

1)Export license.Exporters must obtain export licenses from the government if necessary.

2)Sales contract.It determines the rights and obligations of both the importer and the exporter.

3)Getting goods ready for shipment.The goods to be exported must be ready for shipment in time

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职业定义初级：能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。中级：能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书，办公室主管等。高级：能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。翻译师：能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译，并胜任专职商务翻译工作。高级翻译师：能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译；在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译，解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。考试对象凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生，不论学历高低，均可参加。

世纪商务英语---外贸英语实务翻译答案

1. 检验证书用来表明商品是否符合合同条款。 2. 有时，在合同中有必要订立一个罚金条款，以防万一出现未交货、迟交货、或迟开信用证等一方违约的情况。 3. 当发生不可抗力时，援引不可抗力条款的一方必须在规定期限内及时通知另一方。 4. 裁决指仲裁庭做出的决定。 5. 仲裁协定或合同中的仲裁条款应写明仲裁费用由谁承担。 6. In this case, who is to bear the losses? 7. A force majeure clause should also be specified in the sales contract. 8. Any claim by the buyer regarding the goods shall be filed within thirty days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 9. If you want to file a claim, you should give us a survey report issued by an inspection agency approved by us. 10. I’ll ty pe a clean contract and we can sign it this afternoon. 1. 在信用证支付方式下指望银行付款，而非进口方付款的能力或意愿，但出口方只有遵从信用证的所有条款，才能得到货款。 2. 银行开出信用证就意味着该银行要承担在合适的汇票和单据被出示后付款的责任。 3. 受益人即信用证中所指定的有权接受货款的人，即出口商。 4. 在这一步骤中，买方应填写申请表，包括品名、质量、数量、单价、总值、贸易术语、付款时间、包装、装运期限等。通常买方还应该明确信用证的有效期。 5. 通常，信用证应在装运日期前至少15天内到达卖方，以留出充足的时间进行审核，必要时进行修改，并安排装运。 6. 如果修改通知书涉及两个以上条款，相关各方只能按照惯例全部接受或全部拒绝，而不能只接受其中的一部分，而拒绝其他部分。 7. Wang Ling found that all its clauses were all right except the shipment validity when checking the L/C. 8. As stipulated in the contract, the buyer should open a letter of credit in favor of the seller 30 days before the month of shipment. 9. The letter of credit has been opened in your favor. 10. Generally, the letter of credit specifies the beneficiary’s name, description of goods, quantity, unit price, total amou nt, ports of loading and destination, trade terms, payment terms, shipping documents, shipment validity, negotiation validity, etc. 1. 在中国，由国家质量监督检验检疫总局来主管全国进出口商品的检验工作。 2. 未经检验合格，《种类表》中的进口商品不准销售、使用，出口商品不准出口。 3. 应注意不同检验证书的有效期不同，如果检验证书到期，商品就需要重新报验。 4. 商检机构应当在对外贸易合同约定的索赔期限内完成检验，并签发检验证书。 5. 对这批货物进行30%的抽样检查所得的检验报告是最终的，对双方都有约束力。 6. What’s the time limit for the reinspection? 7. The reinspection fee should be borne by the seller. 8. These goods are not allowed to pass the customs without legal inspection. 9. The buyer is entitled to reinspect the goods upon their arrival even though inspection has been made before shipment. 10. Whose survey report will be taken as final if we find any shortage? Unit 12 1. 运输代理行是运输领域的专家，了解各种最新的运输方式及其相关运费。 2. 运费按以公吨为单位的重量（重量吨）来计算，这种方式用“W ”表示。运费也可以按尺码吨来计算，用“M ”表示。 3. 对于贵重物品，按商品估价的一定百分比收取从价运费，这种方式用“Ad V al.”表示。 4. 航空运费的性质是运费只适用于从一机场到另一机场（单程），且只是运费，不包括其他额外费用，如报关和仓储费用等。 5. 规定滞期费和速遣费的目的是为了促进装卸任务的及时完成。 6. 提单代表货物的所有权。 7. The freight is roughly based on weight and destination. 8. As we are in urgent need of the goods, please ship the goods immediately upon receipt of the L/C. 9. Under FOB, instead of the seller, it is the buyer who will arrange for the shipping space. 10. We await your shipping instructions. Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11

《商务英语翻译》历年真题及答案[]doc

全国商务英语翻译统一考试初级笔译练习试题练习一 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese 1．迄今为止，各国的移民政策侧重于为低技能工人设置障碍，同时鼓励高技能专业人才、工程师、科学家和企业家前来工作，甚至定居。 2．Kasda是瑞士的汽车、能源和食品集团公司。本年度第一季度，尽管它的总营业额下降了6%，但是利润却增加了12.1%。 3．“海洋城”以其绵延10英里（相当于16公里）的海滩而闻名，每年接待约800万游客 4．当富人想到将财富传给子孙的时候，他们通常会有两种情绪：害怕和忧虑。他们害怕或忧虑金钱会对子孙产生消极影响；害怕金钱会让子孙失去通过努力工作获得成功的人生动力。 5．关于我方第315号订单，由于到货质量低劣，我方被迫表达强烈不满。 6．China is fielding its largest-ever Olympic team at the upcoming Beijing Games, with 639 athletes competing in all 28 sports. The Chinese team will attempt to surpass the 32 gold medals won at the Athens Olympics, four less than the United States. 7．A Japanese media report says Japan and China have reached a compromise and agreed to jointly develop gas fields and share profits in disputed areas of the East China Sea. 8．The number of newly laid-off U.S. workers rose last week, the latest sign that the economic downturn is affecting the job market. A report Thursday from the Labor Department said the number of people applying for unemployment benefits for the first time rose 22–thousand, to 378–thousand. 9. Chinese economy suffered only a mild setback in the first quarter of 2008, and remains resilient despite inflation and worsening global credit crisis. 10. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding replacements. Part II Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Most Americans believe someone isn’t grown up until age 26, probably with a completed education, a full-time job, a family to support and financial independence, a survey said. But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20, concluded the report from the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center. The findings were based on a representative sample of 1398 people over age 18. The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed: age 20.9 self-supporting; 21.1 no longer living with parents; 21.2 full-time job; 22.3 education complete; 24.5 being able to support a family financially; 25.7 married; and 26.2 having a child. “There is a large degree of consensus across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions,” said Tom Smith, director of the survey. The only notable pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family, having a child and g etting married. “Older adults and the widowed and married rate these as more important than younger adults and the never-married do,” he added. “This probably reflects in large part a shift in values across generations away from traditional family values.” The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, was completing an education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently of parents, marriage and parenthood. Passage 2 Spend less than you earn. This is perhaps the most worn out, overused phrase in the world of personal finance. But guess what? It’s also the single most important financial lesson you’ll ever learn. No matter how hard you work and how much money you earn, you’ll never achieve financial security if you spend more than you earn, so…… do whatever it takes to make sure that this doesn’t happen. This takes self-discipline, and might require constructing a budget, but if you ever want to get to a point where you can afford all the little niceties in life, you need to make it happen. Plan for the future. I’ve been where you are, and I know that “the future” seems like it’s a million miles away. Do yourself a favor. Sit down and define short, intermediate, and long-term goals and then put together a plan for getting there. It’s not easy, and you probably won’t get it right at first but once you do this, you’ll have something concrete to work from (and to modify in the future). Start small and work your way up. Be patient. Building a solid financial foundation takes time. Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight wit h the latest hot investment tip. Likewise, don’t make major financial decisions wi thout fully considering the ramifications. This isn’t to say that you should be paralyzed fear. Rather, you need to do your homework. Turn those unknowns into knowns, and