2学期技巧II句子英译汉更新090912起学生

技巧II句子英译汉学生090909 句子英汉互译练习

83. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. (Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice) 84．“We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost tangible. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious commodity. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person?s hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.

85．It is a well-known fact that the English have an obsession with their weather so that, given half a chance, they will talk about it at length. Some people argue that it is because English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and speculation to everyone.

86．He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him “magpie”.(The Oxford English Dictionary,1989)

87. Let Plato be your friend, and Aristotle, but more let your friend be truth.

88. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.(Francis Bacon, “Of Studies”)

89. The golden rule is that there are no golden rules. (George B. Shaw)

90．Margeret answered the telephone calls, and between stood watching the locusts. (A Mild Attack of Locusts, a short story by Dorris Lessing)

91．Once an official, always an official.

92．Actually, there is no evidence that people who achieve much crave for, let alone live, eventful lives. The opposite is nearer the truth. ( Eric Hoffer, “Dull Work”)

93. Not a day passes in which a child does not find something or other that makes him happy.

94. Twenty-five years ago the school children used to chant their lessons. The manner of their delivery was a singsong recitative between the utterance of an Episcopal minister and the drone of a tired sawmill. I mean no disrespect. We must have lumber and sawdust.( O.Henry, The V oice Of the City)

95．I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.（Martin Luther King, Jr., “I Have a Dream”）

96．What is here? /Gold? yellow, glittering, precious gold?…/Thus much of this will make black white, foul fair,/Wrong right, base noble, old young, coward valiant. (William Shakespeare, Timon of Athens)

96译文：这是什么？金子？黄澄澄的，亮晶晶的，宝贵的金子！……这么多的这种东西将要把黑变成白，丑恶变成美，非变成是，卑鄙变成高贵，老变成少，怯懦变成勇敢。（梁实秋译）

或：挖到什么了？是金子么？黄色，锃亮，珍稀的金子么？….别看就这么点金子，足以让黑白颠倒，丑美易位，错对不分，卑贱变为高贵，老人返老还童，连胆小者也会成为勇夫呢。（自译）

98．The American Dream often means a person going from “the rags to the riches”through hard work.

98译文：美国梦常常意味着一个人依靠勤奋而“从衣衫褴褛到腰缠万贯。

99．Had Cleopatra?s nose been shorter, the face of the world would have changed. --- Blaise Pascal

99译文：克娄巴特拉鼻子要是短一寸，世界的面貌将会改变。

100．Is there anything in the world so cruel as bringing up a girl in absolute ignorance of housework, believing that all her days she?s going to be waited on hand and foot, and that marriage is one long swoon o f endearments.(Christopher Morley, “Thursday Evening”)

100译文：你以为世界上有比这件事更残酷的没有——把一个女孩子带大，对于居家过日子任什么都不知道，相信她一辈子都有人伺候得无微不至，相信结婚只是无尽期的卿卿我我，如痴如醉。（吕叔湘译）101．Traditional indexes are now available in a CD-ROM format and on-line, and some students are now more comfortable doing an electronic search than they are using bound volumes.（M. Walker, Writing Research Papers,

p.xix）

101译文：对一些学生来说，与使用印刷书籍查询相比，使用电子手段查询更得心应手。

102．Dewey believed that education should be more concerned with the interests and needs of each child than with the particular subjects that the child is taught.

102自译：杜威认为，教育应该更多地关注每个儿童的兴趣和需要，而不仅是关注他们所学的课程/他们具体学了哪些课程。（被动态变主动态。）

103. I know not what course others may take; but as for me, Give me liberty or give me death! (Patrick Henry)

103译文：我不知道其他人要走什么路，但对我来说，不自由，毋宁死！

104．The meeting has been postponed till further notice. 104译文：会议延期，时间另行通知。

105．You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you can not fool all the people all of the time.(Abraham Lincoln)

105译文：你可能暂时蒙蔽所有的人，也可能一直蒙蔽部分人，但你不可能一直蒙蔽所有的人。106．The earliest languages spoken in Britain of which we have any knowledge are the Celtic languages which survive in modern Welsh, Irish and Scots Gaelic.——Gerry Knowles, A Cutural History of the English Language, Beijing University Press, Arnold, 2004, p.21

106译文：就我们所知，在英国最早使用的语言中，有多个凯尔特语分支，它们已分别演变成为现今的威尔士语、爱尔兰语以及苏格兰的盖尔语。（分析：有两个定语从句，较复杂。）

107．To err is human, to forgive, divine. (Alexander Pope, “An Essay on Criticism”)

107译文：人孰无过，恕为贤达/宽厚为圣。

108．For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call—lamely, enviously—whole person. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person?s “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind.

108译文：对古代希腊人来说，美是一种品行、是某种完美。有一种看法，认为当时的人是“完人”——这是我们现在的说法，带有片面性以及嫉妒心。即使古希腊人想到过把一个人的“内在”和“外在”区分开来，他们也相信，内在美会与外在美相配。

109．Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth.(Greek original ascribed to Aristotle) 109译文：我爱柏拉图，但我更爱真理。（亚里士多德）

110. Liberty, love! / These two I need./ For my love I will sacrifice life,/ For liberty I will sacrifice my love.

110译文：生命诚可贵，自由价更高。若为自由故，二者皆可抛。徐祖华[殷夫]据匈牙利文英译。111．Harvard began in colonial days with a handful of students, little property and limited power and prestige, but a det ermined mission: “To advance Learning and perpetuate it to Posterity,” as a 1643 brochure put it.

(Drew Gilpin Faust, “A message from the President”, from Homepage of Harvard website)

111译文：哈佛诞生于殖民地时期，当时学生屈指可数，资产少得可怜，也谈不上什么吸引力和名声。但有着坚定的目标：“推进学术，传乘学术”，这是哈佛1643年的宣传册子上的话。

112. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal-----and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.(Michael Demarest, “The Fine Art of Putting things Off”)

112译文：由于政府承担的责任日益增多、社会变得更加复杂，官僚体系随之兴盛，其程式包含繁多的法律程序、妥协和层层评估，结果使决策者淹没于其中，并因此阻止他们匆忙作决定。

113．The principal function of today?s wall is to separate possibly undesirable outside air from the controlled condition of temperature and humidity which we have created inside.(Eugene Raskin, “Walls and Barriers”)

113译文：如今的墙壁，其作用主要是在室外空气不符合要求时将其与室内空气隔开，后者是室内人为制造的，其温度和湿度都处于控制之下。

114．Crude minds have always been amused by physical deformalities—street boys will always guffaw at the hunchback. But I did not think it possible that the supposedly intelligent could take such a marked delight in the jeering at women. (Beverley Nichols, “Laughter in Court”)

114译文：没教养的人一直取笑残障/有生理缺陷者——街头小混混们总是要取笑驼背。但是我认为，凡有知识的人不可能在揶揄女性时会如此明显地幸灾乐祸。

115. Ministers recognize that the globalization of the world economy has led to ever-growing interactions between the economic policies pursued by individual countries, including interactions between the structural, macroeconomic, trade, financial and development aspects of economic policymaking. (DGEP=Declaration on the Contribution of the World Trade Organization to Achieving Greater Coherence in Global Economic Policymaking )115译文：部长们认识到世界经济全球化已使各国推行的经济政策之间的相互作用日益增长，包括在经济决策的结构、宏观经济、贸易、财政和发展等方面之间的相互作用。（关于世界贸易组织对实现全球经济决策更大一致性所作贡献的宣言）（《英汉WTO常用术语词典》页194）

116. She asked me if I had loved any girl before and I took the fifth.

116原译：她问我以前有没有爱过别的姑娘，我说我同第五个好了。

116改译：她问我以前有没有爱过别的姑娘，我没有回答。（take the Fifth援引美国宪法修正案第五条，该条规定，在刑事案中任何人不得被迫自证其罪（self-incrimination）；take the Fifth可译为“以合法的理由拒绝回答问题，以免对自身不利”。（参见陈安《新英汉美国小百科》）

118. Copyright is a body of legal rights that protect creative works from being reproduced, performed, displayed, or disseminated by others without permission. 118译文：版权是一组合法权利的总称，这些权利保护原创性作品在未经许可时不被复制、演出、展览，或传播。

119. The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing.

119译文：已知导线中的电流，只要求出导线两端电位差的伏特数，就不难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。（原文名词词组作主语，使用被动态以示客观。按照内容的科技原理之逻辑，调整了顺序，使用“已知”、“求出”、“电阻”等术语。

120. All music is alike to him.

120译文：所有的音乐对他都一样=不管什么音乐他都一样没有感觉=他不懂音乐。

121．He is a good sailor.

121译文：他是个好水手=他不晕船。

122．Books are well written or badly written. That is all. (Oscar Wilde, “Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray”) 122译文：书籍只分写得好的，或写得不好的，仅此而已。

123．“Mommy,” I said, “Is Uncle Norman my uncle? You never told me I had an Uncle Norman. I have an Uncle Dave and an Uncle Joe and an Uncle Sam, but I never knew I had an Uncle Norman.”(Budd Schulberg, “My Christmast Carol”)

123自译：“妈妈，”我问道，“诺曼叔叔是我的亲叔叔吗？你从来没有跟我说有个亲戚诺曼叔叔。我家有戴维叔叔、乔伊叔叔和山姆叔叔，但我从不知道还有个诺曼叔叔。”

124．…On all great subjects?, says Mr Mill, …much remains to be said?, and of none is this more true than of the English Constitution. The literature which has accumulated upon it is huge. But an observer who looks at the living reality will wonder at the contrast to the paper description. He will see in the life much which is not in the books; and he will not find in the rough practice many refinements of the literary theory.——Bagehot, The English Constitution (edited by Paul Smith),中国政法大学出版社2003年版，第3页。

124译文：米勒先生曾说：“在所有宏大的论题上，都还留有未尽之处。”这句话用在《英国宪法》上再合适不过了。关于《英国宪法》，已积累了海量的讨论文献。但是，观察者若是注意现实中的实情，会感叹于它与文件上的差异。在现实生活中，观察者会看到很多书本里找不到的东西，并且，在大致的实践当中他

也看不到文献理论里的许多禁忌。

125. He ran off and went to sea at last, and didn?t come back and find himself sad and alone in the world, his loved ones sleeping in the quiet churchyard, and the vine-embowered home of his boyhood tumbled down and gone to decay. Ah, no; he came home as drunk as a piper[吹风笛者], and got into the stationhouse [警察分局]the first thing. (Mark Twain, “The Story of the Bad Little Boy” )(1865)

125译文：最终，他离家出走，驾帆出海，在他回来时，并没有举目无亲而身处惨境，家人也没有全都离去，童年时代葡萄藤缠绕的老屋也没有坍塌或成为废墟。老天，这都没有发生。他回到家里，烂醉如泥，直接就进了警察分局。

126. For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function.”—Nida, Eugene, A, Language, Culture, and Translating, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993, p.110

126译文：翻译要想真正获得成功，跨文化能力甚至比跨语言能力更重要，因为词语只有在其生存的文化中才有意义。

127. But the strangest thing that ever happened to Jim was the time he went boating on Sunday, and didn?t get drowned, and that other time that he got caught out in the storm when he was fishing on Sunday, and didn?t get struck by lightning. Why, you might look, and look, all through the Sunday-school books from now till next Christmas, and you would never come across anything like this. (Mark Twain, “The Story of the Bad Little Boy” ) (1865)

127译文：但是，发生在吉姆身上奇而又奇的一桩事是：他在一个礼拜天去划船，并没有被淹死①。又一个礼拜天他去钓鱼，虽然遇上了暴风雨，却没有遭雷击，嗨，您不妨翻查主日学校的全部图书，从头至尾，反复阅读，直至下一个圣诞节，您也绝不会发现这种事情。①指星期日应该去教堂做礼拜。

128. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature?s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.( The Declaration of Independence, in Congress, July 4,1776)

128自译：在人类进步的过程中，如果一个民族必须解除其与另一民族的政治纽带，借以实现自然法则及上帝旨意所赋予的、与其他世界各国同享的独立和平等之地位，此时，出于对世界舆论的必要尊重，应当把必须解除的各项原因公之于众。

129. I am convinced, that if all men were to live as simple as I then did, thieving and robbery would be unknown. (Henry David Thoreau, Walden)

129. 译文：我相信，倘若所有的人都像我当时那样简单地生活，偷窃和抢劫是不会发生的。（苏福忠译）130. The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of …do?s?and …don?ts?. The same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. (New Concept of English) 自译：“新年”那一天是下决心的时候。我们大多数人都能——至少在内心里——堆砌数量惊人的“必须遵守”与“必须克服”之事。一年又一年，这些相同的爱好被按时重提，十分单调。

131.She was talkative, but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an attentive listener. (W. Somerset Maugham, “The Luncheon”)

译文：她很罗嗦（比较：健谈），不过她似乎乐意谈论我的事情，我也乐意做一个专心的听者。

132. Had Cleopatra?s nose been shorter, the face of the world would have changed.—Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)

译文：假如克娄巴特拉[古埃及艳后]的鼻子短一截，那整个世界的容貌就会跟着改变。

133．The professor shouted, “Order!” The students said, “Beer.”

133译文：教授大声喊道：“秩序！”学生们则说道：“来杯啤酒。”

134．We call him tortoise because he taught us.

134译文：我们叫他胶鱼，因为他教过我们。（钱歌川译）

135．…I suppose,? said Major Pentland deliberately, …that you?ve served on a great many juries??/ …No,? said Oliver, determined to endure the worst now with a frozen grin. …Why??/ …Because,? said the Major, looking around again, …I thought you were a fellow who?d done a lot of courtin?.?---Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel, Chapter 1 135译文

135参考译文：“我想，”潘特兰少校有意插话说，“你在不少陪审团里干过事吧？”/“没有，”奥立弗冷冷一笑说，打定主意忍受最坏的局面。“为什么问这个？”/“因为，”少校再次扫了众人一眼，说：“我想你是谈刑（情）说案（爱）的老手。”（王建开译）

136. I hope this letter finds you well. 136译文：但愿这封邮件能到你手里。或：但愿你能及时看到这封邮件。137．The only shops to have survived the march of the supermarkets in any numbers are the corner shops, known in some quarters as “Patelleries”since so many of them are run by Ugandan Asian immigrant families. These corner shops are often supermarkets in miniature and sell anything from sweets to sweat bands, nappies to newspapers. Many of them are also open all day and half the night.

137译文：在超级市场的冲击下，唯一大量幸免下来的是拐角商店，在有些地区也叫“Patelleries”，因为许多都是由乌干达亚裔移民家庭开办的。这些拐角商店常常是小型超市。出售从糖果到运动员用的头箍、尿布到报纸等各种商品。许多拐角店也是全天营业一直开到半夜。（外文出版社英汉对照《英国人》pp.102-103）138. For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function.”—Nida, Eugene, A, Language, Culture, and Translating, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993, p.110

138译文：对于真正成功的翻译来说，跨文化能力比双语能力更重要。因为词语只有在其所依存的文化当中才产生意义。

139. Children and mature people thrive on dull routine, while the adolescent, who has lost the child?s capacity of concentration and is without the inner resources of the mature, needs excitement and novelty to stave off boredom. (Eric Hoffer, “Dull Work”)

139译文：儿童和成熟人士虽然日常生活平淡，却以此为乐。而青少年已经失去了儿童专注力，又缺乏成熟人士的丰富内心，只好靠刺激和新奇来派遣无聊之感。

140．Aye, thought he, he would have his cake and eat it too——but it would be a wedding cake. He was devout in his desire to be a good man; he would bestow the accolade of his love upon nothing but a Virgin. (Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel, Chapter 9)

译文：当然，他心想，他要二者兼得：既要吃掉蛋糕，又要让它留着——但那必须是一块婚礼蛋糕。他想做一个品行优良之人，他不会背离此一愿望。《天使望故乡》第九章

141．Since culture is defined succinctly as …the totality of beliefs and practices of a society,? nothing is of gre ater strategic importance than the language through which its beliefs are expressed and transmitted and by which most interaction of its members takes place.” (Eugene A. Nida, Language, Culture, and Translating, 1993, p.105)

译文：既然文化被简明定义为“一个社会的观念及行为之总和”，那么用来表达和传播这些观念的那种语言——该社会各个成员也借这一语言实现彼此间的沟通——就是最为关键的了，甚于其他。

142. What, then, is the American, this new man? He is either a European or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. I could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. (“Letter III”in Letters from an American Farmer, by J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, 1782)

译文：那么什么是美国人——这一新型的人呢？他们有的是欧洲人，有的是欧洲人的后裔，于是就产生了

一种奇特的混合血缘、在其他任何国家都是找不到的血缘。我可以随意指给你看一个家庭：其祖父是英格兰人，而祖母是荷兰人，他们的儿子娶了一位法国女人，膝下的四个儿子都成了家，而四个媳妇又来自不同的国家。这就是美国人：他摒弃了所有旧式见解和风尚，接受了新见解和新风尚——取自于他所经历的新型生活方式、他所服从于的新政体、他所拥有的新身份。

143. In considering the Origin of Species, it is quite conceivable that a naturalist, reflecting on the mutual affinities of organic beings, on their embryological relations, their geographical distribution, geological succession, and other such facts, might come to the conclusion that each species had not been independently created, but had descended, like varieties, from other species. (“Introduction” of The Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin, 1859)

译文：在审视物种的起源时，很自然的是，考虑到有机生物体的相互契合及其胚胎学关系、它们的地理分布、生理继承以及其他类似的事实，自然科学家可能会地出这样的结论：各个物种不是孤立生成的，而是像许多种类一样，是从其他物种繁衍而来的。

144．We cannot deny that the possession of a common language is still and will long continue to be a smoother of the way to a mutual cultural understanding between England and America, but it is very clear that other factors, some of them rapidly cumulative, are working powerfully to counteract this leveling influence. A common language cannot indefinitely set the seal on a common culture when the geographical, political, and economic determinants of the culture are no longer the same throughout its area. (Chapter X “Language, Race and Culture”of Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech, by Edward Sapir, 1921)

144译文：我们不能否认，共同语言的存在能为英国和美国在文化上互相谅解铺平道路，现在是这样，以后很长一个时期里还会是这样。但是，非常清楚，别的因素正在有力地反抗这种拉平的趋势，其中有的因素正在很快地积累起来。到了文化的地理、政治和经济决定因素已经不再相同的时候，共同语言也就不能无限期地作为共同文化的印证。（陆卓元译）

145．It must not be forgotten that the author who wishes to be understood is obliged to carry all his ideas to their utmost theoretical conclusion, and often to the verge of what is false or impracticable, for if it be necessary sometimes to depart in action from the rules of logic, such is not the case in discourse, and a man finds it almost as difficult to be inconsistent in his language as to be consistent in his conduct. . (“Author?s Introduction” of “First Part” in, Democracy in America, by Alexis de Tocqueville)

自译：可别忘记，有的作者为了想让别人理解他的意思，刻意把他的全部见解进行最大化的理论总结，却常常濒临谬误或不切实际。这是因为，假如在行动上有时出于不得已而要偏离逻辑规则，在语言的使用上却无法这么做。人们感到，在语言使用上想要前后不一致，其难度几乎等同于在行为上保持前后一致。146. The purpose of any business is to make a profit. Profit is not a dirty word. It simply means that the resources which have been entrusted to us have been used effectively. The more effectively the resources have been used, the more profit will be made. If all the businesses in a country were making a loss there would be an economic disaster. The government taxes business profits and uses the proceeds to pay for free education, the National Health Services, unemployment pay, old age pensions and national defence among other things. (Joseph Chilver, English for Business, 1992, p.143)

译文：任何经营的目的都是为了赢利。赢利不是一个见不得人的字眼。赢利仅仅意味着，托付给我们的资源得到了有效率的运用。资源的运用越是效率高，获得的赢利就越多。假如一个国家的所有经营都亏损，就会导致经济灾难。政府对经营的赢利进行征税，并把这项收入用于义务教育、国家医疗服务、失业救济、养老金和国防以及其他事项。

147. Should these journalists and photographers join in, or just stand back and watch while people kill one another? It?s a tricky ethical question, not just a matter of how brave anyone is feeling at the time; because without authentic pictures, how will the world know, how should the world believe what atrocities are committed? One dead photographer does not do much for the cause he cares about, even if he did feel compelled to weigh in and take sides.

148．Is it so bad, then, to be misunderstood? Pythagoras was misunderstood, and Socrates, and Jesus, and Luther, and Copernicus, and Galileo, and Newton, and every pure and wise spirit that ever took flesh. To be great is to be misunderstood. (Ralph W. Emerson, “Self Reliance”)

149．Many of the traditional families —with husbands as breadwinners and wives as homemakers—have merely changed into two-career families, which still hang together as nuclear families rather than disintegrate（瓦解）. (Sheila B. Kamerman et al (ed.), Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand and the United States, 1997)

150．Today many continue to predict the demise [death] of the family pointing out as evidence the increases in divorce, out-of-wedlock births, cohabitation, and singlehood. But the family is alive and well. The flaw in the

gloomy forecast is that it confuses change with breakdown. (Sheila B. Kamerman et al (ed.), Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand and the United States, 1997) 151．Apart from retail business the majority of sales are for credit. When manufacturers sell goods to their retail customers, the retailers will not be expected to pay for them until they have had a chance to sell them to the public. That is the way business normally operates. By giving their customers, say, two months? credit, the manufacturers are giving them ample time to raise the funds from the proceeds of the sale. (Joseph Chilver, English for Business, 1992, p.143)

152．Today, as in times past, the most important and also the most difficult task in raising a child is helping him to find meaning in life. Many growth experiences are needed to achieve this. The child, as he develops, must learn step by step to understand himself better; with this he becomes more able to understand others, and eventually can relate to them in ways which are mutually satisfying and meaningful. (Bruno, Bettelheim, The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales, “Introduction”)

153. For a story truly to hold children?s attention, it must entertain him and arouse his curiosity. But to enrich his life, it must stimulate his imagination; help him to develop his intellect and to clarify his emotions; be attuned to his anxieties and aspirations; give full recognition to his difficulties, while at the same time suggesting solutions to the problems which perturb him. In short, it must at one and the same time relate to all aspects of his personality—and this without ever belittling but, on the contrary, giving full credence to the seriousness of the child?s predicaments, while simultaneously promoting confidence in himself and in his future. (Bruno, Bettelheim, The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales, p.5)

154. As new words come into fashion some old ones are casualties. …Mannequin?, which entered the language at the beginning of the present century, is tending to fall out of favour, possibly because of an unconscious association with …man?which lends an inappropriate aspect to this very feminine word. (Brian Foster, The Changing English Language, Chapter 3)

155. But, it needs to be said, if this is a country where one stops being Vietnamese or Italian, this is a country where one begins to be an American. America exists as a culture and a grin, a faith and a shrug. It is clasped in a handshake, called by a first name. . (Richard Rodriguez, “Does America Still Exist?”)

156．In rendering Western works accessible, writers like Yen Fu,——the translator of Huxley, Spencer, Adam Smith, and Montesqieu, ——Liang Chi-chao, Wong-Chi, and Wu Kuang-hien have done a great service. These men were confronted by enormous difficulties because it was necessary for them to create a new scientific vocabulary in the Chinese language, but they and their assistants have succeeded within the last decade in supplying China with a good, workable library that affords a key to the scientific achievements of the West. Credit is also due [to] Sin[sic] Chin-nan, a fellow provincial of Yen Fu, for his admirable rendering into Chinese of the novels of Scott, Dickens, Dumas, Hugo, and other Western writers.（“The Chinese Reform Movement”，in Intellectual and Political Currents in the Far East，by Reinsch，Paul S., Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1911，pp.157-165）

157．Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols. These symbols are, in the first instance, auditory and they are produced by the so-called “organs of speech.” There is no discernible instinctive basis in human speech as such, however much instinctive expressions and the natural environment may serve as a stimulus for the development of certain elements of speech, however much instinctive tendencies, motor and other, may give a predetermined range or mold to linguistic expression. Such human or animal communication, if “communication” it may be called, as is brought about by involuntary, instinctive cries is not, in our sense, language at all. (Edward Sapir, Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech, “Introductory”)

158 Until about the middle of the 18th c. there was little in the way of books specifically for children, except for didactic works of one sort and another like text books, books of etiquette and works of moral edification. For entertainment and diversion they had Aesop?s Fables, romances, travel books, chapbooks, broadside ballads and any …adult? reading they could lay their hands on. (J. A. Cuddon, A Dictionary of Literary Terms, pp.113-114) 159. In the Introduction of this book I affirmed the need for a close relation between the theory and the practice of translation. The translator who makes no attempt to understand the how behind the translation process is like the driver of a Rolls who has no idea what makes the car move. Likewise, the mechanic who spends a lifetime taking engines apart but never goes out for a drive in the country is a fitting image for the dry academician who examines the how at the expense of what is. In this third section I propose, therefore, to approach the question of the translation of literary works through close analysis of examples, not so much to evaluate the products but rather to show how specific problems of translation can emerge from the individual translator?s selection of criteria.——Susan Bassnett, Translation Studies, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004, p.79

160．Nowhere has the issue of Asian-American students admission been more bitterly fought than at Berkeley. Activist groups charge that if acceptances were based purely on merit, there would be even more Asian-American students than the 5,610 who now make up a quarter of the 22,000 undergraduates. (“The New Whiz Kids” in Time, August 31, 1987)

161. Social semiotics explores the construction of meaning as a social activity, acknowledging the role of the reader, located in specific material logonomic systems, in making meaning. Social semiotics, with its focus on diachronic transformation, acknowledges that the meaning of a text, formed from the interplay of polysemic signs and a range of reading positions, at the point of reception does not necessarily equate to the intended meaning of that text at the time of production. (Library History, V ol. 24, No. 4, December 2008, p.264)

162．And the phenomenon that is enabling, empowering, and enjoining individuals and small groups to go global

so easily and so seamlessly is what I call the flat-world platform, which I describe in detail in this book. (Thomas L. Friedman, The World Is Flat, New York: Picador/Farrar, 2007, p.10)

163. International communication——a field at the interstices of a wider set of debates（论题/思考）within/across its antecedent disciplines including sociology, international politics, anthropology, and comparative literature, to name just a few, mirrors all of the anxieties that bedevil those disciplines. These include concerns over globalization (as concept, symptom, and reality), identity politics (as a concept for understanding both experience and structure), and policy formulation (as an agent for determining global structuration （结构化）and nation-state relations). In addition, it faces problems of its own making, which include bridging an understanding between media structures and media use; the place of media in constructs of global culture. ((“The Cultural Turn in International Communication” in Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, V ol. 53, No. 2, June 2009, p.336) 164．YouTube is one of the new forms of social network-oriented online communication that have emerged in the past few years. It exemplifies a social environment in which everyone has the potential to be both a consumer and purveyor of content, and illustrates the speed with which social networking innovations can achieve widespread penetration and utility. (Journal Broadcasting & Electronic Media, V ol.53, No.2. June 2009, p.317)

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43. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned _____ at the meeting. A. down B. up C. out D. over 44. Contrary _____popular belief，moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. A. on B. at C. against D. to 45. _____ the storm，we have to postpone the flight. A. Owing to B. Thanks to C. Because D. As 46. By using both ears one can tell the direction _____ a sound comes. A. in which B. from which C. over which D. with which 47. When she worked with the government，she _____ the difficult task of monitoring elections. A. overworked B. overtook C. underwent D. undertook 48. Apparently，it wasn‘t an accident. Someone must have done it on _____. A. intention B. determination C. purpose D. reason 49. _____ conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe and enjoyable form of exercise. A. In B. On C. By D. As

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TEXT 41 The bane ofItaly 祸起意大利（陈继龙编译） Jun29th 2006 FromThe Economist print edition ALEXANDER STILLE'S new book on Silvio Berlusconi, the flamboyant[1]former Italian prime minister, is neither a b________①nor a work of investigative journalism.Its real value is that it represents the first attempt, in English at least, to recount in a readable fashion the story, not of Mr Berlusconi himself, but of Berlusconi-ism. （1）That gives it a wide appeal, for, as its author argues persuasively, Berlusconi-ism is the extrapolation[2]to grotesque[3] extremes of a phenomenon that has gradually, and all too imperceptibly, become widespread. 亚历山大·斯蒂莱的新作写的是个性张扬的意大利前任总理西尔维奥·贝鲁斯科尼，但它并非是一本传记，也不是新闻调查作品。其真正的价值在于，它首次尝试以一种可读性较强的风格，记述了“贝鲁斯科尼主义”而不是贝鲁斯科尼的生平。这也是本书独具魅力之所在，因为诚如作者很有说服力地论证的那样，“贝鲁斯科尼主义”是对某种现象怪诞至极时的推论，这种现象日趋普遍而所有人却都浑然不觉。 Mr Stille is at his best when he describes how a man with a corporation with billions of dollars of d_______②succeeded in less than eight months, between 1993 and 1994, in turning himself into his country's leader. （2）Along the way, he identifies various keysto Mr Berlusconi's success. 斯蒂莱先生最出彩的描写是，一个拥有一家债台高筑的公司的人，如何在1993年至1994年间的短短8个月内，成功地使自己成为国家领导人。他在书中一一揭示了贝鲁斯科尼的成功要诀。 TEXT 40 Selling the sage of Qufu 推销孔圣人（陈继龙编译） Jul6th 2006 | TOKYO FromThe Economist print edition

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Have sailed the seven seas for water，except Wushan not cloud.Take the second flower bush laziness review，half margin monarch monarch. 5、我不知道遇见你是对是错，只知道遇见你我开心过。 I don't know it's right to meet you.I just know I'm happy to meet you. 6、与卿同一身，此生愿足矣。 The same as the Qing，this life is enough. 7、想牵你的手，一起到一个叫永远的地方，看天长地久的风景，尝海枯石烂的味道。 Want to hold your hand，go to a place called forever，see enduring as the universe scenery，taste the taste of the solid. 8、不是完美情人，就是精神病人。 It is not a perfect lover，or a mental patient.

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