上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语二模汇编----完型填空--(校对带答案)

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Our modern working lives are ruled by the concept of competence(能力). The idea that lies behind competence is quite simple: that one can state what people should do in behavioral terms, and then 41 whether a person has succeeded in meeting that task or not. We rarely have a second thought about whether the idea of measuring and achieving competence is a good one or not. 42 , it is a debatable one.

Humans do not learn or work in ways that can be measured by the 43 of competence. Take the example of a barista who is being trained to make coffee. The job title of “barista”

44 a degree of skill in making coffee. However, baristas in large coffee chains are usually trained through 45 qualifications. One part of these qualifications is to produce a cup of coffee to meet a(n) 46 standard. It might have to achieve a certain taste and appearance. This might seem perfectly reasonable, but there are two reasons why such an approach to training baristas does not 47 .

First, the production of a cup of coffee to a certain standard is a binary (二次元的) 48 . The baristas can either produce a coffee of a certain standard or they cannot. If they happen to produce the best cup of coffee in the world, it does not matter, as competence-based training does not reward outstanding performance. 49 , producing the worst cup of coffee would be a fail in the same way as producing a cup just below the standard. In fact, competence is not interested in the process of producing a coffee at all—only the final binary outcome.

Second, if the barista does produce a coffee to a certain 50 , competence is not interested in why the barista can do that. But humans are not machines that 51 produce binary outcomes. We have bodies and minds which 52 through learning.

Yet we are increasingly forced to 53 competence in our schools and workplaces. We are not empty machines that simply produce binary outcomes. If we want to be true human in our learning and our workplaces, we need to be 54 and special. Learning and innovation involve failure in aiming for something that is unusually good. Such things simply cannot be 55 by the standard of competence where the mediocre(平凡的) is the gold standard.

41. A.question B. predict C.measure D. confirm

42. A. As a rule B. As a whole C. In other words D. In fact

43. A. impression B. concept C. value D. development

44. A. suggests B. assumes C. deserves D. inherits

45. A. society-based B. self-based C. pleasure-based D. competence-based

46. A. minimum B. unique C. traditional D. international

47. A. last B. work C. exist D. change

48. A.challenge B. appearance C. outcome D. practice

49. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Likewise

50. A. agreement B. extent C. standard D. description

51. A. typically B. simply C. cheaply D. occasionally

52. A. alter B. expand C. create D. exhaust

53. A. handle B. classify C. transfer D. achieve

54. A. common B. sociable C. creative D. mature

55. A. judged B. achieved C. restored D. presented Keys: 41-45 C D B A D 46-50 A B C D C 51-55 B A D C A

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Concerns about the harm caused by “too much” screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a “healthy”____41___might be is far from easy.

Some negative experiences on social media—like___42____how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in ___43___is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.

Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on children’s ___44___ comforts, including happiness, mental health and social

life. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more ____45_____effect.

The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to___46____ comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. ___47____, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some screen time could be good for children’s mental health.

A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not ___48___. An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually ___49___ the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater ____50____ of friendship or emotional problems.

So how much time should our children spend looking at screens? It is difficult to be ___51___ as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people___52_____ that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not___53____trust anyone who claims to predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for ___54___ usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very____55____predictions are possible.

41.A. amount B. comparison C. experience D. medium

42.A. accounting for B. boasting of C. commenting on D. worrying about

43.A. general B. particular C. private D. public

44.A. domestic B. material C. physical D. psychological

45.A. complex B. dramatic C. harmless D. predictable

46.A. improved B. maximum C. relative D. small

47.A. As a rule B. In contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still

48.A. convincing B. definite C. probable D. true

49.A. estimating B. experiencing C. reducing D. tracing

50. A. connection B. power C. promotion D. risk

51. A. balanced B. independent C. precise D. subjective

52. A. agree B. forget C. object D. remember

53. A. equally B. readily C. reluctantly D. weakly

54. A. emotion therapy B. social media C. TV broadcasting D. video game

55. A. confident B. optimistic C. rough D. wild

Keys: 41—45 ADADA 46—50 ABBDD 51—55 CABBC

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Hailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging - adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and (41)_______ over plastic levels in the ocean.

The appeal of plogging is its (42)_______-- all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying (43)_______ to jogging, we can assume the health benefits are increased.

Running and good causes have always gone (44)_______ - just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.

Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting (45)_______ with their environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to (46)_______ our inland waterways of plastic pollution. “There’s been a real (47)_______ in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighti ng how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.

We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through (48)_______ like plogging and Plastic Patrol.

The Plastic Patrol app allows users to (49)_______ plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and (50)_______ to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.

Plogging isn’t the first fitness tre nd to combine running with a good cause. Here are some of our favourites:

Good Gym

Its idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.(51)_______ among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, (52)_______, Good Gym is finding a solution.

Guide Running

Guide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get (53)_______. By linking themselves together, the (54)_______ - impaired individual can feel safe while both work up a sweat.

(55) _______ for the Homeless

Start-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).

41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control

42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense

43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight

44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off

45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly

46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob

47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight

48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives

49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade

50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading

51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness

52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead

53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart

54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly

55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. Cycling Keys: 41-45 CBDCA 46-50 BADBD 51-55 DCCAD

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on teachers' knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent c m focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work 41 with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their 42 .

If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the 43 of each aspect of their work-a practice reinforced by their accreditation( if i) requirements,---schools must have such regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.

As Richard Rothstein and his colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school _ 44 , like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, 45 samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, 46 looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make _ 47 about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力)of principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the 48 and comparability of

school-based assessments(as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process(as in Hong Kong).

In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’49 and progress in a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social_ 50 , the acquisition of workplace skills and the 51 to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a 52 lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspections both saw and _ 53_ . Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert 54 and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be_ 55 if they are not improved.

41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully

42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices

43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements

44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration

45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying

46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as

47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions

48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support

49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest

50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits

51. A. frequency B. cons C. satisfaction D. extent

52. A. comparable B. health C. different D. unique

53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded

54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations

55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled down

Keys: 41-45 BDACC 46-50 DABBA 50-55 DBCAC

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__.

The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.

Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.

Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?

The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.

The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day.

Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempt ing: to get the most out of what you’ve got.

41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As

42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence

43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal

44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement

45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform

46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand

47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically

48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute

49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted

50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return

51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management

52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern

53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining

54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel

55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspective

Keys:

41-45 CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDAB

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 41 of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 42 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their

territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 43 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 44 to share food with their children. who are able from a young age to gather their own food?

In the laboratory, chimps don't 45 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 46 —he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, 47 , are extremely cooperative From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this 48 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 49 in young children. One is that these 50 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 51 Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 52 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 53 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 54 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a(n) 55 goal.

41. A structures B. policies C. behaviors D. responsibilities

42. A. conflict B cooperate C. offend D negotiate

43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help

44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige

45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly

46. A. in turn B. at random C. with care D in advance

47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D.on the other hand

48. A cooperativeness B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness

49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated

50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences

51. A. creatively B. formally C. socially D. competitively

52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears

53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical

54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance

55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitious Keys: 41-45 CBDAC 46-50 BDACB 51-55 CADAB

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.

Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who

are fixed in their ways.

Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.

Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.

41. A. statements B. definitions C. applications D. explanations

42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely on D. consist of

43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing

44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasive D. sensitive

45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeable D. formal

46. A. resources B. associations C. procedures D. interactions

47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise

48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D. for instance

49. A. resistant B. open C. blind D. alert

50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy

51. A. reject B. strive C. claim D. oppose

52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine

53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate

54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainable D. enjoyable

55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objection KEYS: 41-45 DBCAB 46-50 ABDBC 51-55 BDABC

Eight【20182静安区】

"Don't get sick in July."

This is a common refrain in teaching hospitals. It's driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns —fresh out of medical school —start work. In other words, it's when everyone is most ____41_____. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.

So is medical experience good or bad? Well, in most cases, your doctor's experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ____42_____ symptom early in a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determine the right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ____43_____, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there's a direct connection between physician experience and your treatment outcome.

In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire, The reason is simple ____44_____. Doctors are human too, and they ____45____ tricks to the mind —like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ____46____ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ____47____practitioners into making the wrong decisions.

Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ____48____ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ___49___ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.

Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information that opposing it. Let's say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to ____50_____ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ____51____with the prior diagnosis by experience.

In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technically proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less- experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ____52___ for years.

2017届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模卷(含听力文本和答案)

2016学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is. C. He doesn’t want to open the door. D. He is ready to open the door. 2. A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi. D. By train. 3. A. $100. B. $200. C. $300. D. $400. 4. A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition. C. She stayed at home. D. She stayed with her classmates. 5. A. In a doctor’s office. B. In a professor’s office. C. In an operating room. D. In an emergency ward. 6. A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B. The man got a lot of money for his hard work. C. His hard work was not rewarding at all. D. His work before the test led to a good result. 7. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A new record. 8. A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains. C. They will buy some clothes. D. They will forecast the weather conditions. 9. A. He has another lecture to attend. B. He has no interest in the lecture. C. He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before. D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him. 10.A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather. C. She disagrees with the man. D. She thought the man was always late. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman. B. Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think. C. Learning woodworking will help you know more people. D. Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful. 12. A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others. B. Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others. C. Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well. 1 / 16

2017年上海市徐汇区中考二模试卷(含答案)

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