高级英语Unit 5

Unit Five

Love Is a Fallacy

---by Max Shulman

?Love Is a Fallacy is taken from "The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis” published in 1951 and

brings to light issues of the day including the stereotyping of women. In it, Max Shulman demonstrates a wit and clarity of language.

Max Shulman(1919-1988)

?One of America’s best known humorists, a writer of many talents.

?First delved into the world of writing as a journalism student at the University of Minnesota.

?Max was also the world's most underrated romantic poet. He loved to include poetry in his

novels, usually to hilarious effect.

Max Shulman(1919-1988)

?He began writing Dobie Gillis stories in 1945 for various humor magazines.

?In 1951, these were collected and published as a book entitled "The Many Loves of

Dobie Gillis”, from which our text is taken.

Max Shulman(1919-1988)

?In 1959, Shulman published another volume of Dobie stories, "I Was A Teenage Dwarf".

?That same year, Shulman created and produced "The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis" TV

series for CBS. The show had a run of 147 episodes between 1959 and 1963. Shulman’s other works

Before his two Dobie books, Shulman had already written four other successful

novels:

?“Barefoot Boy With Cheek“《无礼的赤脚少年》,

?“The Feather Merchants“《衣冠楚楚的商人》,

?"The Zebra Derby"

?"Sleep Till Noon".

?After the Dobie books he wrote

?“Rally Round The Flag Boys“《孩子们，团结在旗帜周围吧》, which became a best-seller and

then a movie starring Paul Newman, Joanne Woodward, Joan Collins,

Max Shulman's last novels

?Max Shulman's last novels were "Anyone Got A Match?", a biting satire about cigarette

advertising on television, "Tatums Smoke Mild Like an Innocent Child!" and then finally his semi-autobiographical "Potatoes Are Cheaper".

Quotations from Dobie Gillis (1)

?"My name is Dobie Gillis and I like girls. What am I saying? I love girls! Love 'em! Beautiful,

gorgeous, soft, round, creamy girls. Now, I'm not a wolf, mind you. No, you see a wolf wants lots of girls, but me? Well, I just want one. One beautiful, gorgeous, soft, round, creamy girl for my very own. That's all I want! One lousy girl!""But I'll tell you a sad, hard fact. I'm never gonna get a girl. Never. Why? Because to get a girl you need money . And standing between me and money is a powerful obstacle: a POWERFUL obstacle!" Quotations from Dobie Gillis (2)

?Dobie, wants a little cutie,

?Dobie, wants a little beauty,

?Dobie want a gal to call his own

?Any size, any style, any eyes, any smile, any Jean, any Jane, nay Joan.

?Oh Dobie, wants a girl who is dreamy,

?Dobie, wants a girl who's creamy,

?Dobie, wants a girl to call his own.

?Is she blond, is she tall, is she dark, is she small, Is she any kinda dreamboat at all

?No matter, he's hers and hers alone.

Definition of love

?n, a strong feeling of liking someone a lot combined with sexual attraction

?v, to have a strong feeling of affection for someone, combined with sexual attraction “Love” in some other languages

?爱armour, aimer; liebe

About love

?Love is…

?Love means…

?Love implies…

?Love entails…

?Love involves…

?Love can…

?Love is meant to be/to do…

Some meanings of authentic love

from I never knew I had a choice

?Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love.

?Love means growth for both myself and the person I love.

?Love means making a commitment to the person I love.

?Love means trusting the person I love.

Some meanings of authentic love

?Love can tolerate imperfection.

?Love involves seeing the potential within the person we love.

?In love the paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two.

Some meanings of authentic love

Love means that I know the person I love. I’m aware of the many sides of the other person—not just the beautiful side but also the limitations, inconsistencies and flaws.

?Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love. I can see you as a separate person, with your own

values and thoughts and feelings, and I don’t insist that you surrender your identity an d conform to an image of what I expect you to be for me.

I can allow and encourage you to stand alone and to be who you are, and I avoid treating you as an object or

using you primarily to gratify my own needs.

Love Quotes

?Love comes in a second, and goes at the same speed.

?If you judge people, you have no time to love them.

?The fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly, and the best way to keep it is to give it

wings.

?The supreme happiness in life is the conviction that we are loved.

Love Quotes

?"Love is friendship set on fire." - unknown

?"Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing."

Goethe

?"To be in love is merely to be in a state of perceptual anesthesia.“

?H.L. Mencken

?It was impossible to love and to be wise.

?Bacon

?"Sometimes love is stronger than a man's convictions."

?Isaac Bashevis Singer

?"Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness."

Oliver Wendell Holmes

?"Maybe love i s like luck. You have to go all the way to find it.“

?Robert Mitchum

?"Love is like war: Easy to begin but hard to end."

?Anonymous

?"Love consists in this, that two solitudes protect and touch and greet each other."

?Rainer Maria Rilke

?"Where love is, no room is too small."

?Talmud

?"To love is to receive a glimpse of heaven."

?Karen Sunde

?"A love song is just a caress set to music."

?Sigmund Romberg

?"Love is an act of endless forgiveness, a tender look which becomes a habit."

?Peter Ustinov

?"Love is like a violin. The music may stop now and then, but the strings remain forever."

?unknown

Funny Love Quotes

?I know that somewhere in the Universe exists my perfect soulmate -- but looking for her is

much more difficult than just staying at home and ordering another pizza.

?I was nauseous and tingly all over. I was either in love or I had smallpox.

Cute Love Quotes

LOVE: The irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired.

Mark Twain

?I'm not rushing into being in love. I'm finding fourth grade hard enough.

Regina 'Age 10'

?Love is foolish ... but I still might try it sometime.

Floyd 'Age 9'

A Chinese poem

有关爱的谬误丁义明

我不敢爱你

不是我不爱你

而是我爱了你

便怕失去了你

Discussion

?What is your understanding of true love?

?What do you think love is?

?Is love a fallacy, a mistake, an error?

Fallacy

?Fallacy:

? 1. a false or mistaken idea,, opinion, etc,

e.g. It’s a popular fallacy that success brings happiness.

2. a false reasoning:

e.g. I was able to show the fallacy of his argument.

Logical fallacies

?Logical fallacies are errors of reasoning, errors which may be recognized and corrected

by prudent thinkers.

?An argument in logic presents evidence in support of some thesis or conclusion.

?An argument has two components: a conclusion and certain premises.

?The conclusion is said to be drawn or inferred from the premises.

?An argument is deductively valid when its premises provide evidence for the conclusion.

?An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid, it is said to be fallacious.

?An argument may be fallacious in three ways:

?in its material content, through a misstatement of the facts;

?in its wording through an incorrect use of terms;

?in its structure (or form), through the use of an improper process of inference.

?Fallacies are therefore divided into three groups and classified as (1) material (2) verbal

(3) formal.

?The material fallacies are also known as fallacies of presumption, because the premises

presume too much.

?The verbal fallacies, called fallacies of ambiguity, arise when the conclusion is achieved

through an improper use of words.

?Strictly logical, or formal fallacies arise not from the specific matter of the argument but

from a structural pattern of reasoning that is generically incorrect.

The fallacies mentioned in the text (1)

?The fallacies mentioned in the text are material fallacies.

? 1. The fallacy of accident is committed by an argument that applies a general rule to a

particular case in which some special circumstances (“accident”) makes the rule

inapplicable. This is the Dicto Simpliciter fallacy.

Dicto Simpliciter

Dicto Simpliciter(无条件的前提推出的论断）

?Dicto Simpliciter：clipped form of “a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid”, a Latin

phrase meaning “from a saying (taken too) simply to a saying according to what (it really is)”；an argument based on an unqualified generalization.

Dicto Simpliciter

Eg.

?Excise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.

?Teachers in capitalist countries are out for all the money they can get.

Hasty Generalization

Hasty Generalization：草率结论, 不完全归纳

The converse fallacy of accident argues improperly from a special case to a general rule.

The sample is too small to support an inductive generalization about a population. The fact that a certain drug is beneficial to some sick persons doesn’t imply that it is beneficial to all men.

E.g. Fred, the Australian, stole my wallet. Thus,

all Australians are thieves.

Post Hoc

?Post Hoc:(假性因果)clipped form of"Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc", a Latin phrase meaning

"after this, therefore, because of this”; a fallacy in logic of thinking that a happening which follows another must be its result; it is assumed that because one thing follows another that the one thing was caused by the other. Other similar terms：False Cause, Questionable Cause

?Eg. Immigration to Alberta from Ontario increased. Soon after, the welfare rolls increased. Therefore, the

increased immigration caused the increased welfare rolls.

Contradictory Premises

?Contradictory Premises：二立背反，大前提有毛病

Ad Misericordiam

?Ad Misericordiam：a Latin phrase meaning “to pity”, a fallacy in logic of appealing to pity or

compassion.诉诸同情.As when a lawyer, rather than arguing for his client’s innocence, tries to move the jury to sympathy for him.

E.g. We hope you'll accept our recommendations. We spent the last three months working extra time on it. Analogy

?In an analogy, two objects (or events), A and B are shown to be similar. Then it is argued

that since A has property P, so also B must have property P. An analogy fails when the two objects, A and B, are different in a way which affects whether they both have property P.

?Eg. Employees are like nails. Just as nails must be hit in the head in order to make them work, so must

employees.

False analogy

?False analogy or Faulty Analogy: (错误类比) Questionable Analogy The two objects or

events being compared are relevantly dissimilar.

Hypothesis Contrary to Fact

?Hypothesis Contrary to Fact：与事实相反的假设

?Eg. If I had studied hard, I would definitely have passed the test.

Poisoning the Well

?Poisoning the Well, or speaking “against the man” rather than the issue , in which the

premises may only make a personal attack on a person who holds some thesis, instead of offering grounds showing why what he says is false. 投毒下井

Poisoning the Well

Eg.

?You may argue that God doesn't exist, but you are just following a fad.

?We should discount what Premier Klein says about taxation because he won't be hurt by the increase.

The fallacies of relevance

?The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is committed when the conclusion changes the point

that is at issue in the premises.

?The fallacies of relevance include: the fallacy of “Poisoning the Well” and Ad

Misericordiam.

About this text

The plot of the story (1)

Assuming that a good lawyer's wife must be "beautiful, gracious, and intelligent," and as a first year law student, the narrator sets out to make such a wife. He decides that he has found the perfect wife. The problem is that his brain-dead roommate, Petey, is dating her. Seeing as how it is "easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful”, the author tries to bargain for this girl, who possesses the first two necessar y traits, and tries to instill the third.

The plot of the story (2)

By bribing him with a fashionable raccoon coat, the law student is able to coax "brain-dead" Petey into letting him date his girl. Now the only obstacle to overcome is the challenge of teaching Polly to be "worthy of him"

mentally. He tries to teach her logical thinking by explaining various types of fallacies to her, but in the end, it returns to haunt him. All she wants is a man with a raccoon coat.

The raccoon coat

The raccoon coat which the narrator gives to one of the antagonists, Petey, whose girlfriend he plans to get, for the privilege of dating his girl. The raccoon coat which the narrator dislikes is the instrument of his failure. Polly promises to go steady with Petey instead of the narrator just because Petey owns a raccoon coat, something that all the big men on campus are wearing.

The development of the story

The writer is satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school. From the very beginning the narrator begins to heap on himself all the beautiful words of praise he can think of and goes on smugly boasting and singing praises of himself at every conceivable opportunity. At the same time the narrator takes every opportunity to downgrade his roommate. The climax is reached in paras147-150 when Polly refuses to go steady with the narrator because she has already promised to be Petey’s girlfriend. The denouement follows rapidly and ends on a very ironic note. The narrator has got what he deserved. He has been too clever for his own good.

The theme of the story

The main theme of the story of the story is stated by the writer in the title: Love is a fallacy. About the title

The title is humorous and well-chosen.

When “fallacy” is taken in its ordinary sense, the t itle means there is a deceptive or delusive quality about love. When taken as a specific term in logic, the title means love cannot be deduced from a set of given premises. Love is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic. There is no such thing as love in terms of logic.

Discussion

What is your understanding of the title of the story?

(rational Vs emotional)

Writing techniques (1)

Max has a style quite of his own. The story goes at a very fast pace with a racy dialogue full of American

colloquialism and slang. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is colorful— from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped vulgar forms of Polly.

Writing techniques (2)

The author uses figurative language profusely and also grammatical inversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences,

elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story. One would expect a freshman to talk like this.

Translation

?The stage is more beholding to love, than the life of man. For as to the stage, love is ever

matter of comedies, and now and then of tragedies; but in life it doth much mischief;

sometimes like a siren, sometimes like a fury.

?舞台上的爱情生活比生活中的爱情要美好得多。因为在舞台上，爱情只是喜剧和悲剧的素材，

而在人生中，爱情却常常招来不幸。它有时象那位诱惑人的魔女，有时又象那位复仇的女神。

?You may observe, that amongst all the great and worthy persons (whereof the memory remaineth, either ancient or

recent) there is not one, that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits, and great business, do keep out this weak passion. You must except, nevertheless, Marcus Antonius, the half partner of the empire of Rome, and Appius Claudius, the decemvir and lawgiver; whereof the former was indeed a

voluptuous man, and inordinate; but the latter was an austere and wise man: and therefore it seems (though rarely) that love can find entrance, not only into an open heart, but also into a heart well fortified, if watch be not well kept.

?你可以看到，一切真正伟大的人物（无论是古人、今人，只要是其英名永铭于人类记忆中的），

没有一个是因爱情而发狂的人。因为伟大的事业……只有罗马的安东尼和克劳底亚是例外。

前者本性就好色荒淫，然而后者却是严肃多谋的人。这说明爱情不仅会占领开旷坦阔的胸怀，有时也能闯入壁垒森严的心灵----假如守御不严的话。

?It is a poor saying of Epicurus, Satis magnum alter alteri theatrum sumus; (Human life is

only a stage) as if man, made for the contemplation of heaven, and all noble objects, should do nothing but kneel before a little idol, and make himself a subject, though not of the mouth (as beasts are), yet of the eye; which was given him for higher purposes.

?埃辟克拉斯曾说过一句笨话：“人生不过是一座大戏台。”似乎本应努力追求高尚事业的人类，

却只应象玩偶般地逢场作戏。虽然爱情的奴隶并不同于那班只顾吃喝的禽兽，但毕竟也只是眼目色相的奴隶，而上帝赐人以眼睛本来是有更高尚的用途的。

?It is a strange thing, to note the excess of this passion, and how it braves the nature, and value of things, by this;

that the speaking in a perpetual hyperbole, is comely in nothing but in love. Neither is it merely in the phrase; for whereas it hath been well said, that the arch-flatterer, with whom all the petty flatterers have intelligence, is a man's self; certainly the lover is more. For there was never proud man thought so absurdly well of himself, as the lover doth of the person loved; and therefore it was well said that it is impossible to love, and to be wise. Neither doth this weakness appear to others only, and not to the party loved; but to the loved most of all, except the love be reciprocal. For it is a true rule, that love is ever rewarded, either with the reciproque, or with an inward and secret contempt.

?过度的爱情追求，必然会降低人本身的价值。例如，只有在爱情中，才总是需要那种浮夸陷

媚的词令。而在其他场合，同样的词令只能招人耻笑。古人有一句名言：“最大的奉承，人总是留给自己的。”----只有对情人的奉承要算例外。因为甚至最骄傲的人，也甘愿在情人面前自轻自贱。所以古人说得好：“就是神在爱情中也难保持聪明。”情人的这种弱点不仅在外人眼中是明显的，就是在被追求者的眼中也会很明显----除非她（他）也在追求他（她）。所以，爱情的代价就是如此，不能得到回爱，就会得到一种深藏于心的轻蔑，这是一条永真的定律。

?I know not how, but martial men are given to love: I think, it is but as they are given to wine; for perils

commonly ask to be paid in pleasures.

?There is in man's nature, a secret inclination and motion, towards love of others, which if it

be not spent upon some one or a few, doth naturally spread itself towards many, and maketh men become humane and charitable; as it is seen sometime in friars. Nuptial love maketh mankind; friendly love perfecteth it; but wanton love corrupteth, and embaseth it.

?我不懂是什么缘故，使许多军人更容易堕入情网，也许这正象他们嗜爱饮酒一样，是因为危

险的生活更需要欢乐的补偿。

?人心中可能普遍具有一种博爱倾向，若不集中于某个专一的对象身上，就必然施之于更广泛

的大众，使他成为仁善的人，象有的僧侣那样。

?夫妻的爱，使人类繁衍。朋友的爱，给人以帮助。但那荒淫纵欲的爱，却只会使人堕落毁灭

啊！

?False Dilemma: two choices are given when in fact there are three options

?Anonymous Authority: the authority in question is not named

?Style Over Substance: the manner in which an argument (or arguer) is presented is felt to

affect the truth of the conclusion

?Joint effect: one thing is held to cause another when in fact they are both the joint eff ects of

an underlying cause

?Insignificant: one thing is held to cause another, and it does, but it is insignificant compared

to other causes of the effect

?Wrong Direction: the direction between cause and effect is reversed

?Complex Cause: the cause identified is only a part of the entire cause of the effect

?Missing the Point

?Begging the Question: the truth of the conclusion is assumed by the premises

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三、教学目标 1、语言知识 词汇：A、重点掌握表示有关各种运动球类的名词,如basketball,soccerball，soon重点句 型：?Doyou/theyhaveaTV?Yes，I/theydo./No，I/theydon’t. Doeshe/shehaveasoccerball?Yes，he/shedoes./No， he/shedoesn’t. 2、语言技能 1)、能看着图片说;Doyou/theyhaveaTV?Yes，I/theydo./No，I/theydon’t. Doeshe/shehaveasoccerball?Yes，he/shedoes./No， he/shedoesn’t. 3、学习策略 1)、利用老师所提供的图片卡片做出简单的判断。 2)、通过与同学交流，学会使用一般现在时的疑问形式及肯定和否定回答。 4、情感态度 1)通过各小组的对话练习培养学生的合作精神; 2)通过学习本单元，教会学生之间互相有无的主要句式 重点难点 1、Have的一般现在时的疑问式用法; 2、Have的一般现在时的疑问句，及其肯定，否定回答; 3、简单拓展主语第三人称单数的句型。 教学手段：采用最简单的卡片图片、课本以及肢体语言。

unit5taa自考英语(一)00012最新教材课文翻译

? A FAMOUS QUOTE 一个著名的报价 ? ?Without music, life would be a mistake. 没有音乐，生活将是一个错误。 ?——Friedrich Nietzsche ——尼采 ?Friedrich Nietzsche （1844-1900）, German-Swiss philosopher and writer, one of the most influential of modern thinkers. 弗里德里希·尼采(1844 - 1900)、德瑞哲学家和作家,最具影响力的现代思想家之一。 ?He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science. 他撰写了有关宗教、道德、当代文化、哲学和科学的批评文章。 ?Speaking Activity 演讲活动 ?Making an Appointment 做一个预约 ?Sample Dialogue 样的对话 ?Read the following conversation. 阅读下面的对话。 ?Pay attention to how the speakers make an appointment. 注意说话者是如何预约的。 ?Cindy:Dr. 辛迪:博士。 ?Peterson's office. 彼得森的办公室。 ?How can I help you? 我能帮你什么吗? ?David: I'd like to make an appointment. 大卫:我想约个时间。 ?Would Dr.Peterson be able to see me at 9:30 tomorrow? 彼得森医生明天9点半能见我吗? ?Cindy: I'm sorry, but he hasn't got any openings until 11:00, unless there's a cancellation. 辛蒂:很抱歉，他11点才有空，除非有人取消预约。

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2) device the improvement on a global scale 3) stacked temptation never dined out Ⅱ 1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home family 4) household 2. 1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect Ⅲ 1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows whys 6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ1. 1) gets by 2) temptation 3) get through 4) improvements 5) aside from 6) suspect 7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking 2. 1) replaced 2) consider 3) quilt 4) world 5) tough 6) fuels 7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance 10) ideal

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南京交通职业技术学院 教案

授课主要内容 说明：教师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后

Unit 2 Mistakes to Success Directions: Give your neighbor a compliment about how he/she looks in a newly purchased outfit. Use your own information. You may use the following tips to help you. I absolutely love... Seriously, it looks really nice on you. I really like... I think you look nice today. Those are nice (great). Pre-reading Questions 1. Did you make any mistakes on your way to success? Give some examples. 2. Do you believe that making mistakes is a necessary ingredient for success Explain? Text A ( I )respond to. 对...做出反应;有效果 She hugged him, but he didn't respond. 她拥抱了一下他，可是他却没有任何反应。 They are likely to respond positively to the President’s request for aid. 他们可能会对总统的援助要求做出秋极回应。 (2) in this manner 用这种方式 I would hope all parents would respond in this manner. 我希望所有的家长都做出这样的反应。 (3) set...apart from区别，使与众不同 What set him so far apart from others? 是什么使他与别人迥然不同? It’s hard for us to set some crops apart from weeds when they are young. 庄稼和杂草没长大的时候是很难分辨出来的。 (4) Remove vt. 拿开，去掉 He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor-a veritable sea of milk! 他想从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是一白花花的一片 (5) rarely adv. 罕见，很少 I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. 我还从来没有见过这么一大滩牛奶呢。 In the Antarctic, the temperature rarely rises above freezing point. 在南极，温度很少升到零度以上。 (6) Restore vt. 使复原，使复位 You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. 罗伯特，你知道的，不管什么时候，你搞得像现在这样一团糟的话，最后你就得负责清理，把所有的东西都放回原来的位置。 We will restore her to health but it may take time. 我们会让她恢复健康，但可能需要一段时间。 (7) Discover vt. 发现 Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it. 我们到后院去把瓶子装满水，看看你能不能找到什么好办法抓住