英汉翻译课外实践材料 (带译文)

请大家准备一个练习本,在课外自己进行翻译练习. 一共有26条练习内容,大家至少应完成13条练习.虽然课堂上不会对这些材料进行讲解,但期末考试会有50分出自这些练习材料哦!

英汉翻译：

1. Translation Practice: 从理解的角度改进下列英语句子的汉语译文：

(1) I will teach him to deceive others. 我要教训他一顿，看他还敢不敢欺骗他人。

(2) This thesis leaves much to be desired. 这篇论文有很多地方可以改进。

(3) A measure of calm gave signs of returning after the flood subsided. 洪水退去后，稍有恢复平静的迹象。

(4) We cannot ignore our neighbors; only at our peril can we ignore their distress.我们不能不顾及我们的邻邦：不顾及它们的安危，我们就只能陷入自身难保的境地。

(5) “It’s a gloomy thing, however, to talk about one’s own past, with the day breaking. Turn me in some other direction before I go.”不过，在天亮前谈个人的往事，真扫兴。在我离开以前，谈点别的吧。

(6) The German invaders slaughtered the innocent civilians of the city to a man. Such atrocities were blamed throughout the world.德国侵略者屠杀了该城的无辜平民,无一幸免.这样的残暴行为遭到了全世界人民的谴责。

2. Translation Practice: 从表达的角度改进下面句子的汉语译文：

(1) In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours. :门口放着一堆雨伞,少说有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一.

(2) The study had three windows, set with little, old-fashioned panes of glass, each with a crack across it.书房里有三扇窗,每扇镶嵌的都是旧式的小块玻璃,玻璃上都已有裂痕。

(3) They were discussing this question, and were almost building up some weak structure of hope on his prolonged absence, when they heard him on the stairs.他们讨论着这个问题，并且对他迟迟不回，几乎产生了一线希望，这时突然听见他上楼的脚步声。

(4) The mountain to the north has a steel-blue light on it, and to the west the sky still holds something of the darkness of the night.北边的山岭披上了铁灰色的素装。，西边的天空还残留着朦胧的夜色。

(5) He used poetry as a medium for writing in prose.他用诗一般的语言来写散文。

3. Translation Practice:

1) A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.有

人打电话给广播电台，宣称对这次爆炸事件负责。

2)Throughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.

几个世纪以来，伦敦堪称世界一流城市。

3)Oxford claims a large share in the making of England.牛津大学对英国的发

展贡献很大

4)His personality is his only claim to remembrances.他的人格是唯一值得纪

念的。

5)The more one gardens, the more one learns; and the more one learns, the

more one realizes how little one knows.耕而后有所得,学而后知不足

6)The river drains five provinces.这条河流经五个省

7)I wanted balanced information.我想要全面的消息

8)The general’s estimate of Hitler was cold-blooded and honest.将军对希特勒

的评价是客观的，可信的

9)His spoken English isn’t good enough because of lack of exposure.由于缺乏

英语环境，他的英语口语不太好

10)Over dusty foot trails and muddy creeks, under hot suns and cold rains,

through green valleys and windy wastelands, they had trekked southward from here. 他们走过尘土飞扬的山路和泥泞的小溪，经受着烈日暴晒和冷

雨浇淋，穿过青翠葱绿的山谷和朔风怒号的荒野，长途跋涉，迈向南方。

4. Translation Practice: Seeing People Off (1)

I am not good at it. To do it well seems to me one of the most difficult things in the world, and probably seems so to you, too. To see a friend off from Waterloo to Vauxhall were easy enough. But we are never called on to perform that small feat. It is only when a friend is going on a longish journey, and will be absent for a longish time, that we turn up at the railway station. The dearer the friend, and the longer the journey, and the longer the likely the absence, the earlier do we turn up, and the more lamentably do we fail. Our failure is in exact ratio to the seriousness of the occasion, and to the depth of our feeling.

我不会送行，它可是我所认为的世界上最难做好的事情之一，对此，你大概也心有同感。送一位朋友从滑铁卢去沃克斯厅可说是一件相当简单的事。但你从来就接不到这种轻松的活儿。我们只有当朋友要远行，离去的时间又比较长久时，才被召唤亲赴车站送行。朋友交情越好，送的路程越远，离去时间越长，我们越早到达车站，相应地我们遭遇的失败就越为惨烈。这种失败的程度恰恰和场合的正式以及感情的深厚成正比。

5. Translation Practice: Seeing People Off (2)

In a room, or even on a doorstep, we can make the farewell quite worthily. We can express in our faces the genuine sorrow we feel. Nor do words fail us. There is no awkwardness, or restraint, on either side. The thread of our intimacy has not been snapped. The leave-taking is an ideal one. Why not, then leave the leavetaking at that? Always, departing friends implore us not to bother to come to the railway station next morning. Always we are deaf to these entreaties, knowing them to be not quite sincere. The departing friends would think it very odd of us if we took them at their word. Besides, they really do want to see us again. And that wish is heartily reciprocated. We duly turn up. And then, oh then, what a gulf yawns! We stretch our arms vainly across it. We have utterly lost touch. We have nothing at all to say. We gaze at each other as dumb animals gaze at human beings. We ―make conversation‖---- and SUCH conversation! We know that these friends are the friends whom we departed overnight. They know that we have not altered. Yet, on the surface, everything is different; and

the tension is such that we only long for the guard to blow his whistle and put an end to the farce.屋内话别已十分体面，甚至在门前台阶也不错。我们脸上的表情书写着真切的忧伤，言语里透出恋恋不舍之情，主客方不觉尴尬或拘谨，亲密友谊更是丝毫不损。如此送别真可谓完美。可我们怎么就不懂到了这种程度就该罢休呢？通常情况下，即将远行的友人们会是恳求我们次日清晨不要再赶到车站。因为知道这并非是他们的真心话，我们也总是对这些请求置若罔闻。假如我们真相信了他们的话，不去送别，他们反倒觉得我们反常了。通常，他们真心想再见我们一面，我们也会由衷地实现他们的愿望，我们会准时出现。然后，我们哈欠连天，伸出手臂拥抱了彼此，几乎没有接触。什么都没有说，我们注视着彼此，就像愚蠢的动物和人类面面相觑一样。我们谈话----这是哪门子的谈话！我们知道，昨天晚上，我们就已经进行了告别晚会，他们清楚我们没有变。然而，在表面上，一切截然不同，气氛紧张，我们只希望保安吹响哨子，结束这一切。

On a cold gray morning of last week I duly turned up at Euston, to see off an old friend who was starting for America. Overnight, we had given him a farewell dinner, in which sadness was well mingled with festivity. Years probably would elapse before his return.. Some of us might never see him again. Not ignoring the shadow of the future, we gaily celebrated the past. We were thankful to have known our guest as were grieved to lose him; and both these emotions were made manifest. It was a perfect farewell.

上周在一个灰蒙蒙又寒冷的早晨，我准时到达了尤思顿，为一个老朋友送行，他要动身去美国了。前一晚上，我们为他举行了一个践行晚会，其中夹杂着悲伤和欢乐。他这一去可能就是多年，席上有些人也许再也见不到他。但不管将来的阴影，我们尽情畅叙旧日的情谊。感谢相识一场，却也悲痛即将离别，两种情怀欣然体现，昨晚的离别真是完美。

6. Translation Practice:

In his classic novel, ― The Pioneers‖, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the board streets, rows of the houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. ― where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?‖ she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. ― where! Why everywhere,‖ he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.詹姆斯·库珀在他的经典小说《拓荒者》中塑造了一个男主角——一个土地开发商，带着他的堂妹畅游在他建造的城市里。他描述着宽阔的马路，成排的房子，热闹的大城市。但是他的堂妹困惑地看着四周，入眼的只是一片森林。“你告诉我的那些漂亮的东西和改造后的东西在哪呢？”她问。她看不到它们使他觉得很惊讶。“哪里！到处都是啊，”他回答道。尽管它们没有真正的在土地上盖出来，是在他脑海中建设的，对他来说它们是真正的楼房好似它们已经完工了。Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Ei nstein once said, ― Life for the American is always becoming, never being.‖

库珀解释了美国人的一个明显的特质，超前思想：能根据未来的优势来看待现状；能自由的去感知事物且不被过去所牵绊，也能对将要到来的事物投入更多的感情。

正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过的，“美国人的生活总是在不断地改变着，而不是固定不变的。”

7. Translation Practice:

The thirty-second day out of Bombay began inauspiciously. In the morning a sea smashed one of the galley doors. We dashed in through lots of steam and found the cook very wet and indignant with ship: ― She’s getting worse every day. She’s trying to drown me in front of my own stove!‖ He was v ery angry. We pacified him, and the carpenter, though washed away twice from there, managed to repair the door. Through that accident our dinners was not ready till late, but it didn’t matter in the end because Knowels, who went to fetch it, got knocked down by a sea and the dinner went over the side. The ship’s captain, looking more hard and thin-lipped than ever, would not notice that the ship, asked to do too much, appeared to lose heart altogether for the first time since we knew her.出孟买湾之后的第32天开始就透着些许的不祥。清晨，海浪先是将一扇船门砸坏。我们冒着浓浓的雾气冲了进去，发现厨师浑身湿透，正在对这条船大发牢骚。"它变得一天比一天不中用了。它愣是要想法子把我淹死在这炉灶前。"他显得异常的愤怒。我们设法让他平静下来，而木工尽管被海水冲走过两次，但还是努力把门修好。由于发生了这一变故，我们的晚饭直到很晚才弄好，但这一点最终也变得无关紧要，因为前去厨房端饭菜的Knowles 被汹涌的波涛掀倒在地，饭菜顺着船舷全都撒入海中。船长脸上的表情变得愈发严峻，双唇紧咬。他全然没能意识到，整条船由于被要求去完成许多它力所不能及的任务，打从我们认识它以来，首次出现了力不从心的迹象

8. Translation Practice:

1) A melting pot is boiling over with resentment toward the newest arrivals:

Boston’s Chinatown.整个“熔炉“沸腾起来，对波士顿唐人街上的新来移民表现出较大的愤慨。

2) If you damage someone’s computer—whether by attacking with a hammer or

crippling the program with a logic bomb—it’s a crime.

3)The May-day dance,for instance, was to be discerned on the afternoon under

notice, in the disguise of the club revel, or ―club-walking.‖ As it was there called.

例如，已经通知下午举行的五朔节舞会，从中就能看见它采用了会社的形式，或者是被当地人称作“会社游行”的形式。

?4) Golden handcuffs are now part of every headhunter’s vocabulary.丰厚的奖金红利现在是每个猎头公司的术语之一。

?5) The inventor’s latest innovation is known as stealth car bra, so named because it resembles a brassiere strapped to the front of a vehicle.

6) It was Friday and soon they’d go out and get drunk.星期五发薪日到了,他们马

上就要上街喝得酩酊大醉。

7) Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was

his valet, his dog, his man Friday.他还没有认识奥斯本之前，就已经暗暗佩服他。如今，他成了他的听差，他的狗，他的忠仆星期五。

8) ― It is true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhic victory, ’’

said the General. 将军说：敌人确实赢得了战斗，但他们的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利，得不偿失。

9) Every gain in the fight against AIDS raises hope that a magic bullet can be

fashioned to cure the disease. 在与艾滋病的斗争中，每项成就的取得都意味着可望找到治愈这种疾病的克星。

10) ―Getting an agent is Catch-22,‖ Hoffman says, ―You can’t get one unless you’re

published and you need one to get published.‖要找个出版代理商真是比登天还难，霍夫曼说，你要是没有出版过东西，那就别想找到代理商；可要出版东西，又非要找个代理商不行。

11) I was good and tired, so I lay down in the canoe and said I wouldn’t bother no

more.我非常累,于是我躺在我的木筏里,希望不被打扰。

12) His fury was exaggerated.他大发雷霆，未免小题大做。

13) We still love each other very much, but we fight like cat and dog.我们常吵吵闹

闹，但仍很相爱

9. Translation Practice:

1) She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself.她总是要花好几个小时为自己盛装打扮。梳理她乌黑的头发，之后她还常常照着镜子自我欣赏一番。

2) Now years later, that evening’s loveliness---I so nearly missed---is one of my cherished memories.如今多少年过去了，那个我差点失之交臂的迷人傍晚，如今却成了我最珍贵的记忆。

3) The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of coloured glazed tiles of yellows and greens. —这座宝塔的塔顶是用深浅不同的黄色和绿色的琉璃瓦盖成的。

4) We left so much in Vietnam ---so much innocence, so many dreams, so many good men and women.我们在越南失去的东西太多了——失去许许多多无辜的生命，失去许许多多美梦，失去许许多多善良的男男女女。

5) The thesis summed up the new achievements made in computers, communications and microfilm.这篇论文总结了在计算机，通讯设备以及影像微缩技术这三方面的新成就。

6) In spite of her crippled hip, the basement was spotless.虽然她走路一瘸一拐,但是地下室总是被她打扫得干干净净。

7) Singing birds and flowers perchance have begun to appear here, for flowers as well as weeds follow in the steps of man.花花草草总是逐人迹而生，这里既有人烟，我想鸟应该唱歌，花也已经开放了。

8) God knows what their fate will be, but I can guess.天晓得他们的命运如何，但我能猜出几分。

9) When I got up this morning the world was a chilled hollow of dead white and faint blues.我今天早上起来时,整个世界在冰封中呈现出闪着淡蓝色光辉的一片洁白。

10)A massive sandstorm has enveloped most of the Northern China, covering the capital Beijing in a shroud of dense dust and reducing visibility to less than 50 meters in some areas..一场巨大的沙尘暴席卷了华北大部分地区，将首都北京笼罩在厚厚的沙尘中，是某些地区的能见度甚至低于50米。

10. Translation Practice:

Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.成者行事并不拘泥于某种信条，即便是他们认为应为其奉献一生的理念；而是本色行事，所以并不把精力用来表演，保持伪装或操控他人。他们明了爱与装爱、愚蠢与装傻、博学与卖弄之间迥然有别。成者无须藏于面具之后。Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案。他们倾听、权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重、敬佩他人，但并不为他人所局限、所推翻、所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。

Winners do not play ―helpless‖ , nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.

成者既不佯装“无助”，亦不抱怨他人。相反，他们对人生总是独担责任

11. Translation Practice:

The American Character

When visitors from abroad undertake to describe the American character, the results are frequently puzzling to Americans.

― All Americans are Puritans; That’s what’s wrong with them,‖ says one.

― They’re always thinking about enjoying themselves,‖ says another.

― They spend too much time at work,‖ a distinguished visitor tell us. ― They don’t know how to play.‖

― Americans don’t know what work is,‖ retorts another. ―Their machines do it all.‖― Americans women are shameless sirens.‖

― No, they’re prudes.‖

― Their children are wonderful-outing and natural.‖

― Natural as little beasts. They have no manners, no respect for their elders.‖

要是让国外来客描述美国人的性格，结果常常令美国人感到奇怪。一个人说：“所有的美国人都是清教徒；所以他们与众不同。”另一个人说：“他们总是想方设法让自己开心。”一位尊贵的客人告诉我们：“他们花在工作上的时间太多。他们不懂如何玩乐。”另一个人反驳说：“他们不懂什么是工作。因为机器替他们做了一切。”“美国女人是不知廉耻的，妖艳而危险的女人。”--“不，她们假正经。”“这里的孩子真好－－外向，自然。”----“象小小的野兽一样自然。他们没礼貌，不尊敬长辈。”

There is ,of course, no single pattern of American character any more than there is a single English or Turkish or Chinese character. Personality in American is further complicated by our diverse racial and cultural origins, by successive waves of immigration from all parts of the world, by our regional diversities. It is complicated by several hundred varieties of religious belief with their varying impact on believers.

It is further diversified by the generation to which the person belongs—first generation immigrant, second generation child of immigrants, and on down the line.

当然，世上既没有单一模式的美国人性格，也没有单一的英国人性格或土耳其人性格或是中国人性格。个性的定义在美国变得更为复杂，因为我们有不同的种族和文化背景，因为来自世界各地连续不断的移民浪潮，因为我们区域的多样性。个性的定义变得复杂，因为几百种不同的宗教信仰及其对各自的信奉者的影响不同。个性的定义也由于每个人所处的年代不同而趋多样化－－第一代是移民，第二代是移民的孩子，一直照此延续下去。

The temptation is strong to lump all Americans together. Yet those who look a little deeper are puzzled by the seeming contradictions in American life. It is true that American as a whole work hard. But they also play hard. They spend more time and money in traveling, camping, hunting, watching sports, drinking, smoking, going to movies, watching television and reading newspaper and magazines than any other people in the world. Yet they also spend more money on churches, social services, hospitals and all kinds of charities. They are always in a hurry, yet they spend more time relaxing. They are at the same time sensitive to the rights of the individual and habitual conformists. They worship bigness yet idealize the little man, whether he be the small business man as opposed to the big one or the plain citizen as opposed to the big wheel.

强大的吸引力把众多的美国人聚集在了一起。然而那些想再了解深入一点的人弄不懂美国人生活中各种似乎自相矛盾的东西。的确，美国人总体上工作努力。但他们也拼命地玩。他们去旅游、露营、打猎、看体育比赛、喝酒、抽烟、看电影电视、读报纸杂志，花的时间和金钱比世界任何地方的人都多。而他们还把更多的时间花在教会、社会服务、医院和各种各样的慈善活动上。他们总是忙来忙去，又总是花更多的时间休闲。他们十分在乎个人的权利，又习惯于墨守陈规。他们崇拜大人物，也把小人物理想化，不论他是和大商人形成对照的小商人，还是和大权在握的人形成对照的平民百姓。

12. Translation Practice:

But your own books belong to you; you treat them with that affectionate intimacy that annihilates formality. Books are for use, not for show; you should own no book that you are afraid to mark up, or afraid to place on the table, wide open and face down. A good reason for marking favorite passages in books is that practice enables you to remember more easily the significant sayings, to refer to them quickly, and then in later years, it is like visiting a forest where you once blazed a trail. You have the pleasure of going over the old ground, and recalling the intellectual scenery and your own earlier self.

但是你自己的书是属于你的，你可以毫无拘束地用一种深情的亲昵态度来对待它们。藏书是为了使用，不是为了炫耀；你害怕做上记号的书，或者不敢摊开翻转过来放在桌上书，你就不应该拥有它们。在书内你喜欢的段落标上记号的一个重要原因是，这种做法可以使你更容易的记住那些重要的话，很快的查阅它们，若干年后再读到时，就像来到一座你曾在树皮上刻过印记的森林。你会享受一种故地重游的乐趣，回忆起寓意深邃的景色和你本人早期的自我。

13. Translation Practice:

We hear it said frequently that what present-day men most desire is security. If that

is so, then they have a wrong notion of what the real, the ultimate, security is. No one who is dependent on anything outside himself, upon money, power, fame or what-not, is or ever can be secure. Only he who possesses himself and is content with himself is actually secure. Too much is being said about the importance of adjustment and ― participation in the group.‖ Even cooperation, to give this thing its most favorable designation, is no more important than the ability to stand alone when the choice must be made between the sacrifice of one’s own integrity and adjustment to or participation in group activity.

14. Translation Practice:

A.

Dear Sirs:

Thank you for your letter of 12th April sending us patterns of cotton prints. We find both quality and prices satisfactrory and are pleased to give you and order for the following items on the understanding that they will be supplied from current stock at the prices named.

B.

Dear Sirs:

We have received in due course your S/ C 4845 in duplicate. As requested, we’ve signed and are enclosing one copy for your file. The relevant L/C has been issued by the Bank of China, New York Branch. Upon receipt of the said, please arrange shipment and inform us by cable of the name of vessel and the date of sailing.

15. Translation Practice:

The lines of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despite the sprightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such things as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history o bliged us to take the turning we did.

16. Translation Practice:

Some people would say that the Englishman’s home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average Englishman is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one; the high cost of labour has meant that build ers’ and decorators’ costs have reached a level which

makes them prohibitive for house-proud English people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the ―Do-It-Yourself Movement‖.

17. Translation Practice:

1)Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language

(SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).

2)Some professional translators take considerable pride in denying that they have any theory of

translation-they just translate. In reality, however, all persons engaged in the complex task of translating possess some type of underlying or covert theory, even though it may be still very embryonic and described only as just being “faithful to what the author was trying to say.”(Nida)

3)It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author

intended the text. Common sense tells us that this ought to be simple, as one ought to be able to say something as well in one language as in another. On the other hand, you may see it as complicated, artificial and fraudulent, since by using another language you are pretending to be someone you are not. The translation cannot simply reproduce, or be, the original. And since this is so, the first business of the translator is to translate. (Peter Newmark)

18. Translation Practice:

I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations, through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey. These examinations were a great trial to me. The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least. I would have liked to have been examined in history, poetry and writing essays. The examiners, on the other hand, were partial to Latin and mathematics. And their will prevailed. Moreover, the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer. I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew. They always tried to ask what I did not know. When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge, they sought to expose my ignorance. This sort of treatment had only one result: I did not do well in examinations.

19. Translation Practice:

1)The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they

dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasps in their own hands the destiny of their country.

2)―Hi!‖ ―Hi‖ said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the ver y sight of a traveler.

3)Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants,

Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday.

Restaurant food accounted for（在数量，比例方面] 占）39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ―Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.‖ ―While the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are

generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ―Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折）and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said.

20. Translation Practice:

1)The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists

who specialize in extracting from various sea animals substances that may improve the health of human race.

2) A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain

―if I steal a nickel’s worth of merchandise, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another’s wife, I am free.‖ This is a prevalent misconception in many people’s minds that love, like merchandise, can be ―stolen.‖ Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for ―alienation of affections.‖ But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality. When a husband or wife is ―stolen‖ by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The ―love bandit‖ was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.

21. Translation Practice:

1)As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.

2)As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship.水能载舟亦能覆舟。

3)Put into an old Chinese proverb, it means that one will never find it difficult to do anything

until one has experienced it.用中国的一句老话；事非经过不知难。

4) A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be

encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them.在美国有一种根深蒂固的观念，说是只有那些抚养的起子女的人，才会鼓励其生育。

5)As soon as the cinema is in darkness, spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn

slowly apart, often to the accompaniment of music to reveal the title of the film.在电影院变成一片漆黑的一刹那间，聚光灯照在徐徐打开的帷幕上，常常在音乐的伴奏下，显示出影片的片名。

6)While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

7)The church was surrounded by yew trees which seemed almost coeval with itself.

8)The sea thundered on, over and past, and as it roared by it revealed a hideous sight.狂澜霹雳，

隆隆滚远，汹涌波涛，呼啸喧闹了一阵后，一片惨状顿现眼前。

22. Translation Practice:

Now we know that all this is caused by the movement of the earth around the sun. As the earth journeys around the sun, it spins on its own axis. This can be illustrated by a simple experiment. If you push a sharp stick through a rubber ball and twirl it with two fingers, the ball spins around in much the same way the earth is spinning at this very movement. The points where the stick comes through the ball correspond to the North and South Poles. If you twirl this ball at night directly in front of a bright light, you will notice that half the ball is lighted up while the other half is in the shade. That is just like our night and day. If you keep the stick strictly vertical to the light and twirl it at an even speed, any spot on the ball’s surface will be in the light and in the shade the same length of time.

the earth were spinning just like this rubber ball, there would only be day and night on earth, but no seasons, and days would always be the same length as nights – 12 hours each. But that is not how the earth spins. It spins with its axis tilted. Its axis is always at the angle to the plane of its orbit – an angle of about 23.5 degrees.

It is this tilting that accounts for our four seasons and the lengthening and shortening of days and nights. For this reason also, the Equator (an imaginary line drawn around the earth at equal distance from the two poles) is not always directly under the sun’s rays. For six months the earth is tilted towards the sun, and the Northern Hemisphere gets more than its share of sunlight every day. Days are longer than nights, and what is more, the sun’s rays come down more perpendicularly instead of slanting down.

23. Translation Practice:

1)While at a museum, one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will explain the

objects on display as you move through the museum.在博物馆参观的时候，常常可以租用一个小录音机，一面参观，一面听关于产品的录音解说。

2)There is nothing more disappointing to the hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or

expenses than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride. 最令女主人失望的是，她花了很多心思和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只能津津有味地与她的丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没有注意到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的面包或房间内讲究的设计，而这些却是她感兴趣并引以为豪的主要所在。

3)The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son

or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.

4)I took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid evening, there

seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy—super-slow reading.

24. Translation Practice:

1)One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to management

science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problems, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making and concentrating on the main issues.

2)This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people

these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere: i.e. to a bigger wage pocket. The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and ―fringe benefits‖ are offered to them.

Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the ―brain drain‖, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the higher bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon（财神）is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.

25. 将下列段落中的划线部分译成汉语：

An office is the ―Brain‖ of a business. (1) In an office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops and factories. These figures guide the managers by telling them what has happened and what is happening. Information comes into an office in all sorts of ways but the main items of information come in regularly. (2) It is part of the job of the clerks to collect and classify that information and to put it into such a form that it is easily interpreted and understood. Offices collect information, then they classify it.

This work of collection is common in a office from the sorting of mail every morning to the accountant’s work in finding out the final figure for the year’s profit. (3) Classification always requires the arrangement of the same kind of information, often into lists or columns. (4) For this work, correctness, accuracy and speed, as in all office work, are essential.

There is no value, however, in collecting figures which mean nothing. Figures are guides which should help us make decisions. (5) The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where success or failure lies, where profit can be had and where losses occur. (6) On this kind of information and from the known figures, a choice is made and a series of such choices may make a policy.

A fire which has three factories may find, for instance, from its figures, that one factory is losing money and a choice may lie between either a change of manager, a cut in production, an increase in production or closure of the factory. Whichever one of these decision is taken becomes the policy. (7) It is clear that a decision leading to a policy can only be as good as the information on which it is based.

Consequently there is a constant search for more and more exact information. (8) Managers will want to have all the necessary facts before they can make the best decision and it is normal for them to seek for more and more information.

26. 将下列段落中的划线部分译成汉语：

The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (1) The

supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.

(2) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birth rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even billion as the twenty-fist century opens.

(3) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.

英语翻译理论与实践

第二讲 原句：I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. 译文：我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。 原文：There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. 译文：吸烟肯定与肺癌有关，但这并不能使你感到太不舒服，因为吸烟的人不止你一个。 原文：Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking. 译文：德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。 He is the last man to come. He is the last man to do it. He is the last person for such a job. He should be the last (man) to blame. 原文：John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 译文：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。 Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 死译：one-to-one translation: each SL word has a corresponding TL word. 硬译：word-for-word translation: Transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meanings of all the SL words, into translation. It is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences. Literal translation goes beyond one-to-one translation, ranges from one word to one word, through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence. Literal translation is the basic translation procedure both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there. ---by Newmark Liberal Translation mainly conveys the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of speech. 原文：我们的朋友遍天下。 错译：Our friends are all over the world. 译文: We have friends all over the world. 单词

英汉翻译的原理和实践

Unit 1 I. 英汉翻译原理第一讲：什么是翻译？ 【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story. （“×”号表示译文有问题，下同） ×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。 上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容： 1、树的历史的起迄时间 2、树的历史是怎样一回事 【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人 心。 【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. ×有两个调节系统相互作用。一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。 【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。 寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下： 1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。如： 【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion. ×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。 【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家，他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。 2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通，甚至不知所云。如： 【例4】The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern. ×传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。 【译文】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。 3、典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式，翻译无从着手。如：

英语翻译实践报告

英语翻译实践报告 《翻译1》课程实践报告 翻译课程介绍 翻译是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程。英汉翻译包括英译汉和汉译英，是一门实践性很强的课程。 通过学习本课程，学生应该熟悉英汉两种语言各自的特点;能将中等难度的英语文章译成汉语，内容准确，文字流畅;能将比较简易的汉语文章译成英语，用词得当，语法平稳。本课程与英语专业其他课程相辅相成。它作为一门实践课，有赖于英语专业其他课程为应考者打下良好的基础，使应考者掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，初步达到阅读英文原著的水平，并有一定的写作能力，因而具备从事英汉翻译的条件。另一方面，通过大量翻译实践和语言对比研究，学生可以进但在翻译时，往往因受原文的影响，而容易一步认识英汉两种语言各自的特点。 忽略在译文中体现原有的特点。这也就是本课程的难学之处。但通过学习本课程，了解了英汉两种语言的各自特点，并能在翻译实践中恰当地加以运用，定会提高使用两种语言的能力和翻译水平。 课程实践目的及过程 为了将课堂上所学知识更好地运用于实践，10级翻译3班在王静老师的带领下，来到了位于德胜工业园区的百瑞源枸杞养生馆和厚生记食品有限公司进行参观学习。 在参观之前，王老师要求同学们查找关于枸杞的相关资料，基本上了解了枸杞的种植技术、生产流程、营养价值等知识。

宁夏枸杞产业在宁夏省外也有不少公司，而且，百瑞源是宁夏唯一一个进驻2010年上海世博会的企业，这不仅提升了宁夏在国内外的知名度，也让更多国内外朋友了解了宁夏枸杞的与众不同，同时也为百瑞源走出中国，迈向国际舞台提供了良机。 在参观过程中，同学们品尝了味美色鲜的枸杞、其他枸杞制品和，可谓是大饱了口福。但同学们并未忘记此行的目的，大家一边参观，一边了解相关的知识，对于枸杞的营养价值和种类有了进一步了解;同时，在参观过程中，同学们发现了不少汉英翻译的错误，对于一个企业来说，要想进入全球市场，对外宣传和对外交流是至关重要的，所以企业品牌的跨文化交流成为了一种必然趋势。这让同学们不禁为企业的进一步发展担忧。作为翻译专业的学生，对此比较敏感，于是，大家纷纷把有错误的地方拍下来，准备参观结束后再进行更正。 回校后，王老师把全班分成若干组，每组负责一部分企业的宣传资料，然后让同学们查找翻译的错误并改正。我们组分到的任务比较少，但是，在我们仔细读过之后发现了不少错误，而且有些还是由于英汉表达习惯的不同导致的比较明显的错误。虽然字数不多，却涉及不少商贸以及新闻语体。我们小组成员认真思考，经过讨论后把我们最后的翻译结果交给了王老师。 课程实践的收获 通过这次的翻译实践，我更加清楚的认识到自己英语相关方面的知识还远远不足，也让我更加清醒的认识到，丰富自己的词汇量及语境英语句型的重要性。我对翻译充满了热爱，怀着这份热爱，我要跟加严格的要求自己。今后，把更多的时间和精力投身到翻译知识中去，争取在翻译方面有所突破和发展。 翻译是一项很困难的工作，要做到精益求精，专业性非常强，而且要与时俱进，这让我知道了仅有翻译技巧是远远不够的，需要平时大量的艰苦练习，不断积累，才能在翻译中获得巨大收获。而且，作为翻译专业的学生，只凭课堂上学到的

汉英英汉翻译理论与实践

Clinton is the first black president . 克林顿是第一个重视黑人权益的总统 Clinton is the first woman president. 克林顿是第一个重视妇女权益的总统 1. We want to buy quality steel. 我们要买高质量的钢材。 2. I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of today’s great quality ch allenges: building a high skills/high wage workforce. 我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法，这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术，高薪金的劳动队伍。 3. The president now is on a poverty tour. 总统目前正在访问贫困地区。 4. noise abatement procedures. 抑制噪声的措施 5. She is on her listening tour of New York. 她正在纽约巡回访问，听取群众的意见。 6. Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss. 史密斯教授要离开学校了。这个损失实在是不明智才造成的。 7. The kiss represents the symbolic loss of the most famous American child. 那轻轻的一吻是一个象征，代表这个美国著名的孩子已经长大成人了。Criminal law 刑法； Criminal layer专门处理刑事案件的律师； Criminal attack构成犯罪的攻击； criminally insane 形式法庭鉴定为患有精神病 This is a thought-provokingly different explanation . 这个解释完全不同，但却很能给人启发。 Bryant Gumbel is sometimes favorably compared with Ted Koppel. 人们有时把布来恩特甘贝尔和特德考波尔相比，认为甘贝尔更好。The so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned. 那些所谓的批评者，传媒提到他们时总是泛泛而指，从来不指名道姓。The areas could be profitably rehabilitated. 重建这些地区是有利可图的。 The consensus strategies for managing the world’s forests sustainably. 既能获得各方同意，又能使全球森林得以可持续生长的管理策略。 Men tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated talk, while women enjoy intimate, affectively orientated talk. 男人喜欢公开谈论有具体内容的话题，而女人则喜欢两三个人私下交流感情。 15．The joy of his return 由于他回来而有的喜悦 16. of humble parentage, he began his working life in a shoe factory. 由于出身低微，他的第一个工作是在一家制鞋厂。

(完整word版)英语专业翻译实践报告

实践报告 这周是英语专业的翻译实践周，这次的专业实习让我受益匪浅，收获颇多。专业实习的主要目的是要培养我们理论联系实际，综合运用所学基础知识、基本理论和技能，独立分析、解决问题的能力。在大学的第三学年，实习是一个很重要的环节，对我们以后的工作实习也有一定的帮助。所以，我们要端正态度，认真对待这次的专业实习。 我们的主要任务是进行英译汉和汉译英的翻译实践，为此在实践的过程中，我总结了四种必备的翻译工具：一是灵格斯翻译工具，里面可安装各式的词典；二是百度搜索工具；三是有道词典；四是英汉词典；五是汉英词典。翻译的过程如下：首先可以现在灵格斯里查询不懂的单词和词组，寻找最符合原文的解释。然后采取同时在百度和有道词典搜索的做法，并对同种搜索工具搜索结果进行比较。他们有着各自的优缺点。所以我们最后用到的就是英汉和汉英辞典，可以对我们翻译之中的词汇，进行最后的确认，确定出最最准确的译法。 在翻译过程中也遇到到了一些困难，这说明在漫漫的英语学习过程中我还要继续努力。学如逆水行舟，不进则退，只要每天我认真学习，那就是一种进步。人生总归会有许多挫折，但我们若不跨过这道坎，就不会有进步，滞留不前。我们要用有限的生命创造无限的价值，勇敢面对每一个挑战。 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言行为。当然纸上谈兵是无稽之谈，光有理论知识而不实践操作也是没有用的。有位翻译家这么说过，“学翻译犹如学游泳。只在岸边看别人游，或只听教练讲解，是学不会的。”所以要想提高自己的翻译能力，一定要通过实践。实践可以分为两类，直接的实践和间接的实践。 所谓直接的实践，就是自己亲身参加的实践，也就是自己动手翻译。一回生，二回熟，日积月累，第一手经验多了，做起来得心应手，翻译能力有所提高。所谓“熟能生巧”，就是这个道理。但自己能译的东西是有限的，从这种实践中得出的经验也是有限的。因此，还需要借助于间接的实践。 所谓间接的实践，就是研究别人的译文。比如，一篇文章在手，准备翻译，这时先找一些有关的资料或同类文章的译文看一看，在词语和风格方面定会有所借鉴。别人的译文是别人直接实践的产物，看了别人的译文，就是从事间接实践。

形合与意合实例分析——翻译中的构形与传意

形合与意合——翻译中的构形与传意 （摘自李靖民著《英汉翻译实践要略》） 我们不妨用两个英汉翻译实例来说明这个问题，并用以体现正确认识英语重形合、汉语重意合的概念，将这些硬道理和软道理运用到具体的翻译活动中去，具有十分重要的实践意义。这两个译例的原文分别出自萨克雷的成名作《名利场》（Vanity Fair）第二章和海因茨的短篇小说《回家》（Going Home）。 (1) When he was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters. (Chapter II, Vanity Fair) 他一喝醉酒，就会打老婆孩子。第二天早晨，他便会头疼，抱怨世人不识其才华，斥责画界同行都是白痴。他的话很尖刻，但有时也很有道理。 例1可以在句子的层面反映出英语以形役意的构形规约与传意方法之间有机统一的表达关系，体现出英语以形式结构为取向的信息传递机制的基本特征。 从构形来看，这个英语句子以主谓结构为核心，再利用各种类型的词、短语、分句来扩展，符合英语以主谓结构为核心的形式结构特征。其中各个词、短语、分句分别依照英语使用者所熟悉的形式结构规约对号入座，十分严谨。 但是，从传意的角度来分析，句中采用的各种不同形式的语言实体承载了四层信息：1）缘由：喝醉酒（由从句“when he was drunk”承载）；2）后果一：打老婆孩子（由主句的第一个分句“he used to beat his wife and daughter”承载）；3）后果二：第二天早上醒来之后宿醉的两种典型症状，即头痛和亢奋（分别由第一个“with”引导的短语“with a headache”和主句的第二个分句“he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius and abuse the fools, his brother painters”承载）；4）作者对“he”所发牢骚的评论（由第二、第三个“with”引导的短语“with a good deal of cleverness and sometimes with perfect reason”承载）。 可以看出，虽然英语的一个句子里可以有各种类型的词、短语、分句，但句子的结构框架必须符合以主谓结构为核心的形式结构规约。而在这个框架之内，作者可以灵活地把其意欲传递的各个层次的信息安排给这个句子中的各种语言实体，不受语法成分的限制，不以该语言实体在语法上的主次来确定其所承载信

《英汉翻译理论与实践》教学大纲

《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 （英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice） 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排（见下表）： 教学内容与学时安排表

2、课程教学目的与要求： 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程，其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅，翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系： 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读，综合英语，语法学，词汇学，英美文化等课程，这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映，它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力，而且它与英美文学，语言学，口译，高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书： 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社（2003年4月第1版）教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text

英汉互译教程要略

英汉互译教程总复习 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.

211重点大学英语专业：翻译实践报告

《世界历史百科全书（World History Encyclopedia）》（节 选）翻译项目报告

摘要 本文是一篇翻译项目报告。翻译项目原文选自《世界历史百科全书（World History Encyclopedia）》——一部由多位作者共同完成的、全面介绍世界范围内各人种各文明历史发展的巨著。该项目选取的是该书“哥伦布大交换与人类适应性”章节作为翻译报告材料。哥伦布大交换是一场东半球与西半球之间生物、农作物、人种（包括黑奴）、文化、传染病、甚至思想观念的突发性交流。本翻译报告的内容主要分为四个部分, 第一部分为翻译项目介绍，包括项目的来源、意义以及报告结构等。第二部分为原作背景介绍，包括作者简介、主要内容和原作分析等。第三部分为翻译难点与翻译方法，包括翻译难点分析、译前的准备工作，以及翻译理论与方法的选择与简述。第四部分总结了在翻译过程中所获得的经验教训、启发并指出仍待解决的问题。在该翻译报告中，译者以奈达的功能对等理论为支撑，并结合翻译实践经验，采用多种翻译策略并运用具体的实例论证了该理论在翻译中得重要性。 关键词：翻译项目报告，《世界历史百科全书（World History Encyclopedia）》，功能对等理论，翻译策略

A Project Report on Translation of World History Encyclopedia (excerpts) ABSTRACT This is a project report on translation of World History Encyclopedia (excerpts), the first comprehensive work to take a large-scale thematic look at the human species worldwide. The excerpts of this report are from the chapter of “The Columbian Exchange and Human Adaption”. The Columbian Exchange, also known as the Grand Exchange, was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between New World and Old World. The main content of this report is divided into four parts: Part one is the translation projection description, including project significance, project origin and structure of the report. Part Two is the introduction of the source text background, including introduction of the author, main content and analysis of the source text. Part Three is about quality control, including preparations before translation，the difficulties encountered while translating and how to settle those problems through various translation strategies. Part Four concludes with the lessons, enlightenments and unsolved problems in the translation project. Underpinned by Nida’s The Functional Equivalence Theory, the reporter argued the importance of Functional Equivalence in translation using different translation strategies and concrete examples. Key Words：translation report; World History Encyclopedia; Functional Equivalence theory; translation strategies

东师《英汉翻译》18秋在线作业1(满分)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (单选题) 1: According to Theodore Savory, a translator must ask himself: _________. A: (ⅰ) What does the author say? (ⅱ) What does he mean? (ⅲ) How does he say it? B: (ⅰ) What does the author mean? (ⅱ)What does he say? (ⅲ)What does he want? C: (ⅰ)What does the author say? (ⅱ) Where does he say it? (ⅲ) What does he mean? D: (ⅰ) What does the author mean? (ⅱ) How does he like it? (ⅲ) What does he say? 正确答案: (单选题) 2: 他不会说，也不会写英语。 A: He cannot talk or write in English． B: He cannot talk nor write in English． C: He cannot talk in English，neither can he write in English． D: He cannot both write and talk in English. 正确答案: (单选题) 3: Being easily set on fire, alcohol must be kept away from the flame. A: 酒精容易着火，必须放在与火隔绝的地方。 B: 因为酒精容易被人放火，所以必须远离火存放。 C: 由于容易失火，酒精必须远离火焰。 D: 因为酒精易燃，所以必须被放在离火很远的地方。 正确答案: (单选题) 4: Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. A: 我从未听说过美国音乐在国外比国内要演奏得好。 B: 我在国外时，从未听到美国音乐比现在还要演奏得好。 C: 我从未听到过美国音乐在国外演奏得比这更好的。 D: 我在国外从未听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。 正确答案: (单选题) 5: 虽然时代不同，我想历史古迹总该是依旧吧。 A: Times are different, but the historic sites, I presume, must have remained the same. B: Even though times are different, I think the historic sites should be the same. C: Since times are different, but the historic sites, I presume, should be the same. D: Since times are different, I think the historic sites must have remained the same 正确答案: (单选题) 6: All of the following ideas are the Cicero’s, except_____ 。 A: it wasn’t necessary to translate word for word. B: he preserved the general style and force of the language C: it wasn’t his duty to count out words to the reader like coins, but rather to pay them out by weight as it were.

英汉翻译实践1

Unit 1 【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story. 【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人 心。 【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. 【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。 【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion. 【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家，他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。 2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通，甚至不知所云。如： 【例4】The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern. 【译文】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。 【例5】Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come -- with the people who respect you for who you are. 【译文】发现自我，如实地表现自我，你自然会为人们所喜欢－－为那些尊重你的真正个性的人们所喜欢。 【例6】Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years? 【译文】你预计今后五年上海的发展目标如何？ II. 课堂练习（分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果）： 1.It's more a poem than a picture. 2.He drank himself out of the best lines. 3.He pretends to be as modest as anything. 4.Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft. 5.The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it. 6.Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg. 7.If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret. 8.The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.

英语翻译专业毕业实习报告 2500字

一，实习目的 更广泛的直接接触社会，了解社会需要，加深对社会的认识，增强对社会的适应性，将自己融合到社会中去，培养自己的实践能力，缩短我们从一名大学生到一名工作人员之间的思想与业务距离。为以后进一步走向社会打下坚实的基础.了解公司部门的构成和职能，整个工作流程，从而确立自己在公司里最擅长的工作岗位。为自己未来的职业生涯规划起到关键的指导作用。 二，实习内容 学习每个工种的施工工艺，熟悉各种材料的供应、采购、堆放、发放，了解施工组织管理方法。 这是第一次正式与社会接轨踏上工作岗位，开始与以往完全不一样的生活。每天在规定的时间上下班，上班期间要认真准时地完成自己的工作任务，不能草率敷衍了事。我们的肩上开始扛着民事责任，凡事得谨慎小心，否则随时可能要为一个小小的错误承担严重的后果付出巨大的代价，再也不是一句对不起和一纸道歉书所能解决。 还记得在第一次来公司的途中内心充满好奇，总在想：这是一家怎样的企业，自己今后能够在怎样的岗位，是否符合内心的期望，能否实现自身的价值，内心迫切的想知道答案。终于在看见公司那宏大的工程时，我被震动了，我想我做对了选择。 由于这是我的第一份正式工作，所以自己非常认真的对待。就像这是一家新的公司，与我一样都是新的起点，一切都是探索阶段。我对自己说：既来之则搏之，既然是新企业，只要好好干就一定有机遇。就这样在未知中，我满怀信心地开始了我的实习工作。 最初一周，我们学习了公司的企业文化，对公司进行了初步的了解。然后两周是企业军训，实行的都是正规的军事化训练，为我们以后的工作打下坚实的基础，锻造了我们“掉皮掉肉不掉队，流血流汗不流泪。”的工作态度和做事精神。军训结束后我们正式开始了轮胎专业知识的培训，在各位工程师的细心讲解下我们初步懂得了轮胎生产工艺流程。 培训过后我被分到了生产B区成型车间，跟随实习老师进行实地的学习。对于生产来说，安全始终是重中之重，良好的安全意识是进行安全生产的首要前提。首先车间主任对我们进行了一些安全教育和以及在实习过程中的安全事项和需注意的项目。比如上班，不允许穿凉鞋进厂；进厂必须穿工作服；禁止在厂里吸烟，夜里值班不准喝酒，进厂后衣服不准敞开，外套不准乱挂在身上，不得背背包进厂；人在厂里不要成堆，不要站在生产主干道上，进出车间都要排队走好自成一列；在没有实习老师的允许情况下，不准乱按按扭、开关。 进入车间后最初的工作是琐碎的，因为公司尚在建设阶段，办公室和各个生

翻译中的形式与内容摘自《英汉翻译实践要略》

翻译中地形式与内容摘自《英汉翻译实践要略》 1.2.7 形式与内容地和谐统一 在阅读相关地翻译著述时，经常可以看到人们对翻译究竟应该是重形式还是重内容地观点不一.那么，作为从事翻译实践活动地译者，我们应当如何在翻译实践活动地过程中处理好形式与内容之间地关系，如何比较恰当而准确地传递原文承载地信息？ 这个问题实际上涉及到国内外翻译界长期争论地一个焦点问题，即翻译理念地取向问题，如直译与意译、形似与神似、异化与归化、形式与功能、语义与交际等等.尽管这些中西译论在概念上有同有异，但总地说来，都是建立在二分法地基础之上，没有跳出二元对立地思维定势.有关此类争论地著述有很多，感兴趣地读者可以去阅读，我们在这里没有必要再对相关论说做出综述，只欲从不同地角度和层面出发，依据翻译活动地实际情况，来分析、探讨 模式. 谈到地了他对此类译文地感受： 读地时候，根本没有阅读地快感，脑子里也没有形象地画面感和丰富地联想，只为那干板直硬地翻译揪掉了不少头发，有地词语直译得令人发指，有地词语我这辈子根本没有见过，完全是翻译家地发明.那完全是满嘴外国话地汉语，让人生疏地不得了！ 这样地作品哪里还能愉悦读者，阅读简直变成了一项任务！（王刚2010） 诚然，在原语和译语里地确也会存在一些类似地表达方式，因为人们不分民族和地域，其生存环境、物质条件、生活经历、七情六欲等等有许多相通之处，对于基本相同地客观世界地认识大体是一致地，对客观世界地表述和描写方法也会有类似地情况，正因为如此，才存在着翻译活动地基础.但是，就翻译地本质而言，两种语言在表达方式上地异同是相对地，翻

译地跨文化信息传递本质是绝对地.也就是说，在翻译某种类型地作品地过程中，如果遇到两种语言有类似地表达方式，无论其数量有多少，那也只是偶合现象，与翻译地本质无关，不能因此就产生模糊地认识，以为原语地文字表现形式与译语地文字表现形式二者之间有直接地对应关系，就以为翻译是两种语言文字表现形式地简单、机械地对应转换.译者如果不明白这个道理，不仅会给自己在翻译实践活动中造成理解上地问题和表达上地困难，而且可以说，其翻译能力永远也不可能得到实质性地提高. （篇幅有限，译例分析例略.） 英语和汉语属于两种不同地语言体系，两种语言地信息传递机制存在着本质上地差异，具有各自特点鲜明地构形与传意有机统一地信息传递模式.译者要想忠实地再现原文地语言风格和形式特点，就没有必要，也不应该机械地对应着原文地文字表现形式本身来翻译.大家试想，