2014 年大学英语四级翻译模拟题及答案

大学英语2014年四级翻译新题型模拟练习及答案

一、交通工具

在现代社会，交通工具巳经成为了社会健康持续发展的关键

因素。但令人遗憾的是，这些交通工具在为我们提供便利的同

时，是要我们付出代价的。越是发展现代交通,我们所要付出的

代价也越大。如果人类社会按照这个模式发展下去的话，将来

就会付出更高的成本，受到的打击也越大。

Transportation in all modem societies has become a critical

necessity for the continued well being of the community.

Unfortunately, the development of these transportation systems

has come at a price，in relation to the convenience they provide.

The further society goes down that same path, the more expensive,

and damaging, it will become.

二、图书的两大类

尽管图书的种类多种多样，但从本质上说，它们都可以被分

为两大类,即纪实题材(fact)与小说题材。有时二者之间很难辨别，

因为许多小说都是围绕着(mixed)现实事件和真实人物来进行创

作的。纪实题材的书籍包括:历史书，教科书，旅行手记，手册

指南(manual) 和自传(autobiography)等。

There are many, many different types of books but, essentially,

fliey come in two categories, fact or fiction. Sometimes it is hard to

distinguish

between the two, because some fiction stories are mixed around

true event and refer to real life people. The types of books that are

included in the factual category are history books, text books, travel

books, manuals and autobiographies.

三、音乐

尽管音乐对每个人来说，都再熟悉不过了，但是几乎每个人

对这门艺术都有自己的观点看法。什么音乐算是好的音乐，这

是见仁见智的。各个音乐风格都有自己的经典音乐作品流行的

并不完全等于经典的。一个好的音乐作品，是创作者(creator)

和演奏者(performer) 双方共同努力的结果，二者相辅相成，缺

一不可。

While music is familiar to virtually everyone it is an art, about

which everyone has an opinion. What defines “great”music is,

very much, a personal issue. There is “great”music in every style

but what is popular does not always define the quality. Music is a

joint effort between the creator and the performer and one cannot

exist without the other.

四、企业的成功

为消费者提供所需是每一个企业成功的关键。为此，企业需

要为如何吸引并留住客户制定计划。影响这种计划的因素很多，

比如客户关系、广告、声誉、定价、性价比(value for money)以

及售后服务等。除此之外，一个企业还需要高效、经济、安全

地运营，因为这些方面是与客户和雇员直接相关的。

Providing what the customer requires is the key to any

suc?cessful business. To do this, a business needs to have a plan for

attracting, and keeping，their customers. There are several factors

involved in developing a workable plan, such as, customer relations,

advertising, reputation，pricing，value for money and after sales

service. On top of that, businesses need to be run, efficiently,

economically and safely because all these aspects relate to both

their customers and their employees.

五、剪纸

剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之

一。中国剪纸有_千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the

Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。

特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增

加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。

中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼

物。

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts.

Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was

widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People

often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring

Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are

used to decorate doors，windows and rooms in order to enhance

the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper

cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese

paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given

as a present to foreign friends.

六、大熊猫

大熊猫(Giant Pandas),作为中国的国宝，被认为是活化石。中

国大熊猫主要生活在中国中西部和西南部，是目前濒临灭绝的物

种。换句话说，中国大熊猫的故乡是四川。四川成都大熊猫繁

育和研究中心(Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Centre) 大

熊猫的家，是市区附近最大的大熊猫基地。

Giant Pandas, regarded as a national treasure of China, are

considered a living fossil. Chinese Pandas mainly lives in

central-western and southwest China，and is currently an

endangered species. In other words, the hometown of Chinese

panda is Sichuan. And Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research

Centre in Suchuan —home of the Panda is the biggest panda base

near the urban district.

七、中医

中医(Chinese medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医有比西方医

学更好的治病方法。因为中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中

医现在越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，巳经发展了很长一段

时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究人们

身体系统的平衡。这是说，_旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消

失。身体系统的损害是疾病的根源。

Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional

Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the

western ones. China medicine now is more and more popular in the

world due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originated from

the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long

time and it has collected vari?ous ways to treat different illness. The

traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body

system of people. It is said that once the system of people is in

balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system

is the source of disease.

八、孙大圣

孙大圣是中国古典文学名著《西游记》（Journey to the West)

中的一个主要的人物。他是唐僧(Tang Monk)第一个徒弟。其实

在中国，他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”，而是“孙悟空”，

这是教他72变的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“启

迪”。“空”的意思是“无”，这是佛学(Buddhism)中最重要的一

个认识。在佛学中，人必须放弃欲望和所有对财富、名声的渴

望，以培养自己为佛。

Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic

literature masterpiece “Journey to the West". He is the first disciple

of Tang Monk.Actually in Chinese，his most popular name is not

“Monkey King”but “Sun Wukong，，，which was given by his first

Master who taught him the 72 supernormal abilities. “Wu”means

enlightening. “Kong”means emptiness，which is one of the most

important understandings in Buddhism. In Buddhism, one has to

give up every human desire and all attachments including the

attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself

into a Buddha.

九、中国家庭文化

在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔

(descendants) 居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治

(autonomous)家族制度是中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩

子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，

孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因

为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们的姓氏都是一样的。

In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several

generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a

big fam?ily system. This kind of autonomous family system was the

basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow

their father’s fam?ily name. This is the same as western culture.

Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’

s family name or mother’s family name. Within each family system,

of course people except those who joined this family system

through marriage all have the same family name.

十、中国园林视角

几个世纪以来，中国在自然中寻求灵感和自知之明（self-

knowledge)。因此，在中国园林中引发自然世界。由于城市土

地一直昂贵，中国城市的园林相对都比较小，但是每一个中国

园林都致力于岩石、植物、水看起来比它实际上要更好，因为

中国的园林设计师用巧妙的方式带领游客从一个独特的有利视

角（vantage point)到另有利视角。

For centuries, the Chinese have sought inspiration and self-

knowledge in nature. Hence, the gardens in China evoke the natural

world. Because land has always been expensive in cities，urban

China gardens are relatively small, but the space of every Chinese

garden de?voted to rocks，plants and water seems much greater

than it actually is because of the clever ways in which Chinese

garden designers lead the visitor from one unique vantage point to

another.

十一、旅游赤字

中国旅游研究院(China Tourism Academy)表示，大陆游客

(mainland tourist)在海外旅游上花费了420亿美元。同时，海外

游客(overseas tourists)只花了380亿美元在中国大陆，同比下

降7%。虽然2009的官方统计数据还没有公布，研究院估计2009

年的旅游赤字将是4亿——中国旅游业首次赤字。

China Tourism Academy, said that mainland tourists spent some

$42 billion in overseas destinations. At the same time，overseas

tourists spent only $38 billion on the mainland, down by 7 percent

year- on-year. Though official statistics for 2009 are yet to be

released, the academy estimated that the tourism deficit will stand

at $4 billion in 2009 —the first ever tourism deficit in China.

十二、中国的多样化

中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。

经济格局尤其多样化。大城市如北京，广州和上海是现代的，相

对富裕的。然而，约50%的中国人仍然生活在农村地区，尽管

中国只有10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。数百万农村居民仍

然依靠体力劳动或役畜(draft animal)耕作。两三百万农民迁到城

镇寻找工作。一般来说，南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富

有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。

China is a very diverse place with large variations in cul?ture,

language, customs and economic levels. The economic landscape is

particularly diverse. The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and

Shanghai are modem and comparatively wealthy. However, about

50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of

China’s land is arable. Hundreds of millions of rural residents still

farm with manual labour or draft animals. Some 200 to 300

million former peasants have23migrated to townships and cities

in search of work. Generally the southern and eastern coastal

regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north,

and the southwest are much less developed.

十三、中国服务产业

上个月中国服务产业有了较快增长，这加快了国家经济增长。

根据北京国家统计局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)

和中国物流与采购联合会(China Federation of Logistics and

Purchasing)的数据，非制造业釆购经理人指数(the

non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers" Index) 二月份的时候从

54.5上升到55.6，而摩根斯坦利亚太指数（the HSBC Holdings Pic

and Markit Economics indexes)从52.1上升到54.3，达到5月以来

的最高水平。

The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month

which helped to accelerate the nation’s economy growth.

According to the figures from Beijing-based National Bureau of

Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the

non-manufacturing Purchas?ing Managers’Index rose to 55.6 from

54.5 in February, while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics

indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3, its highest level since May.

十四、丝绸之路

丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条

重要贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在

1877年它被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古

道从长安开始，经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分

成三条：南部路线，中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆

维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴

基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至罗马。

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route

between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a

large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the

Silk Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road

begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it

reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，

Central Route and North?ern Route. The three routes spread all

over the Xinjiang Uygur Autono?mous Region, and then they extend

as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.

十五、四合院结构

—个标准的四合院通常由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房屋

构成。门通常漆成红色，并有大的铜门环。通常情况下，全家

人住在大院。北端的正房由长辈居住,年轻_代生活在两侧的房

子,朝南的房子里, 通常是家庭客厅或书房。

A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides

with a yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have

large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound.

The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north

end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south

house is usually the family sitting room or study.

十六、秦始皇陵墓

秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)坐

落在陕西省西安市临潼区以东5公里的骊山北部，是中国历史

上第一个皇帝的最终休眠之地。它于公元前246年开始建造,工

程持续了38年。它占地面积56.25平方公里，是中国历史上最

大的陵墓。

The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang, located at the

northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers east of Lintong

District, Xi’an City, Shanxi Province, is the final resting place of the

first emperor in the history of China. Its construction lasted for 38

years, commencing in 246BC. With an area of 56.25 square

kilometers, it’s the largest mausoleum in China’s history.

十七、景德镇

景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花

园的耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的城镇。

它制造瓷器(porcelain)的历史已经有1700多年，已经形成了丰

富的瓷器文化。稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工艺，瓷乐器的

优雅表演，以及优美的田园风光组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化，

而且让景德镇成为中国唯一一个以瓷器旅游文化为特色的旅游

城市。

Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant

pearl in the world’s art garden of ceramics. It is located on the

south of the Yangtze River as a powerful tTown on the south of the

Yangtze River. It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，

which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics.

Rare ceramic rel?ics, superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique ceramic

customs, graceful perform?ance of ceramic musical instruments

and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of

Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city

featuring ceramic culture.

十八、筷子

说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子

的国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来

很简单，只有两根小细棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，

夹，搅拌或者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也

是世界上独有的餐具(tableware)。使用複子的人，无论是中国人

还是外国人，都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。

As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world

to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have

meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two

small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such

as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging; moreover，it is

convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also

unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter

Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor

of chopsticks.

十九、毕业生过剩

2008全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下

降。2009年毕业的学生将加入到2008年毕业仍在找工作的300

万学生之中。毕业生过剩(glut)也可以归因于大学入学率的提高

和教育机构的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，但是他们的

质量并没有明显地提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在2008

年找到合适的就业机会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。

The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job

market for China’s new graduates. Students graduating in 2009 will

join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are

still seeking job opportunities. The graduate glut can also be

attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and

educational institutions. Although the number of college students

has increased, there has not been any significant improvement in

their quality. In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable

employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required

by the industry.

二十、中国贸易

对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的

双边(bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易

不平衡的问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字

是最大的，达到了3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还

多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销

(dumping)、知识产权和人民币的估价。

For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming

their most important bilateral trade partner. However，there have

been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the

rest of the world. The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in

the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it

was a decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade

disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property

and the valuation of the yuan.

二十一、法定假日

中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周

末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(New

Year’s Day),春节（Spring Festival),清明节（Qingming Festival), 五

一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid-

Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年

假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假_般约在

7月1 日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，

通常是在1 月或2月。

Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days

of weekends and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays

in a year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming

Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and

National Day. Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave.

Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about

three months. The summer vacation in China generally starts

around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter

vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date

of the Spring Festival.

二十二、中国扇子

中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang

Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来

挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。

后来“扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的

长柄扇，称为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗

(honour guard)装饰。

The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，

around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan,

was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine

and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit

like today’s umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled

fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a

Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour

guard as decoration.

二十三、茶

中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树

(tea- shrub),而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自

中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)—样，在1000年前为世界所

知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上40多个国家

种植茶，其中亚洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其他国家

的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。

China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea-

shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human

cultivation of teaplants can date back two thousand years. Tea from

China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the

world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always

been an important Chinese export. At present more than forty

countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90%

of the world’s total output. All tea trees in other countries have

their origin directly or indirectly in China.

二十四、信用卡

信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最

危险的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式

购买那些负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比_般贷款

要高的利率(interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡现巳成为资本主义

体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费

(consumption)的持续增长。

Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated

by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most

danger?ous. They allow people to buy things they，otherwise,

couldn’t afford，with money created by the banks and, charged

out at much higher interest rates than normal loans. Unfortunately,

credit cards have become an es?sential part of the capitalist system

which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.

二十五、山体滑坡

都江堰中兴镇发生山体滑坡(landslide)——这是2008年四川

地震时受灾最严重的地方。山体滑坡覆盖了大约两平方公里，

摧毁了至少11所房子。到目前为止，已有200多名居民被疏散。

山体滑坡几个小时后，巡逻队员到达现场时，一切都已经是一

片汪洋。目击者描述石头和残骸（debris)从山上滚下来，不到

三分钟就把八座房屋吞没了。

The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan —

one of the places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The

landslide, which covered about 2 sq km, damaged at least 11 homes.

So far more than 200 residents have been evacuated. By the time

patrol members arrived at the scene, a few hours after the landslide，

everything was already a vast expanse of water. Eyewitnesses

described stones and debris running down the hill and covering

around eight homes in less than three minutes.

二十六、中国肥胖问题

国家体育总局(the General Administration of Sport)在一项调

查中发现，自2010年以来，20-39岁的中国人体重增加更多—

—1.9千克。这个年龄段中超过11%的人属于肥胖，这在三年的

时间里就上涨了两个百分点。

China’s young adults are gaining more weight and exercising less

than their elders. Chinese from ages 20 to 39 have put on more

kilograms —1.9 kg ——than other adults since 2010，the General

Administration of Sport found in a survey. More than 11% from the

age group were obese, up two percentage points in only three

years.

二十七、秧歌

秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中，两

人都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。

锣(gong) 鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐（suona)或其他传统的弦乐器、木

管乐器作为背景音乐。

Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions

in the first month of the lunar year. In this activity, two people are

dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as

singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in

rhythm;suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind

instruments are dubbed in background music.

二十八、快速老龄化

根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Committee On

Aging)的数据来看，到2053年，中国60岁及以上的老人数量预

计会从目前的1.85亿一跃变为4.87亿，或者说是占总人口的

35%。扩张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计划生育政策(family

planning policies) 限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。快速老龄

化对社会和经济稳定造成了严重威胁。

The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to

jump from the current 185 million to 487 million, or 35 percent of

the population, by 2053，according to figures from the China

National Committee On Aging. The expanding ratio is due both an

increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit

most urban families to a single child. Rapid aging poses serious

threats to the country’s social and economic stability.

二十九、中国人均GDP

自从1978年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划

经济(centrally planned economy)向市场经济(market based

economy)的转变。超过6亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过

1.7亿人生活在国际贫困线以下天少于1.25美元。2012年，中

国的人均GDP 为12405.67美元，这是30年前的37倍。到2018

年，中国的人均GDP将从世界第90位上升到第75位。然而，

这仍然是低于预计的世界平均水平。

Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a

centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600

million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million

people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line. In

2012, China’s GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 times

higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，China’s GDP per

capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This

however will still be below the forecasted world average.

三十、洛阳

洛阳是地处中原的河南省西部一个地级市

(prefecture-level city)。它东部舭邻省会郑州，南接南阳，西连

三门峡(S_enxia)，北邻济源。在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛阳是东

都(Dongdu)，东部首都，其人口最多的时候有100万左右，仅

次于当时世界上最大的城市——长安。在短暂的五代(Five

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