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汉语四字格地分类

汉语四字格地分类
汉语四字格地分类

汉语四字格的分类

四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点,它一般由分成前后两个部分的四个词素构成

从语法关系看,词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者并列关系

从结构上看,四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。自由词组是临时组成的,可以随意拆散,重新组合,例如:“品种齐全,做工精细”等;而固定词组是一个整体,四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。

四字格的汉英翻译方法

汉语中出现的四字格,很多只是为了读起来上口,对仗,并没有太深的寓意,在英语中我们并不一定能找到一个表达形式与之对应,我们只需准确理解其真正含

义,然后进行翻译:

1将四字格前后两个词语分开

2判断这两个词语属于什么词类

3、分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系

4、通过逻辑关系确定翻译方法

并列关系法:将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,然后中间用并列连词” an(连”接即可。

名山大川famous mountains and grea 名胜古迹sce nic spots and

historicalsites青山绿水gree n hills and clear wSt等互禾U equality and mutual bene扬长避短play up stre ngths and avoid weal反腐倡廉fight corrupti on and build a clea n

goV集思m广益draw on collective wisom and absorb all useful ideas

语义重复法:这类四字格前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻

译的话就构成语义重复了,所以在翻译这类四字格的时候,只需翻译一项语义就

层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after ar(优胜e劣汰survival of the fit审时度

势size up the trend of ev fe n商引资attract investment

目的关系法:这类四字格前后两个词语具有目的关系, 动词不定

对于这类四字格可以采用

式或者介词短语来表达目的状语减员增效dow nsize (and cut

payroll) to improve efficie ncy (退耕fficie ncy)

还林return cultivated land to forest or 集^资办学raise money to set up new schoo结党营私form cliques for private扭|3亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one

途径方式法:具有这种逻辑关系的四字格可以采用介词through ,accordi ng to, with等介词短语表达相应的方式状语

寓教于乐teach through lively act因材施教teach stude nts accord ing to

their aptitu按劳分酉己distributi on accord ing to perfor以商养e文

support /sp on sor cultural activities with the profits from doing bus in ess

偏正词组法:对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次,将其中一个词语处理为修饰

性成分,而将另外一个处理为中心词

廉洁奉公hon estly perform ones official d S境绿化en vir onmen tal

gree nin超前消费premature con sumpti on; Over-c on sume; excessive con sumpti以强凌弱the strong domin eeri ng over th以人为本people foremos t; People-orie nted

动宾关系:优势互补compleme nt eaxt h e' s adva nta自主经营,自负盈亏make ones own management decisions, take full responsibility for one own profits and losses

条件关系:不进贝U退n o progress simply means regressi on

省略意向:瞻前顾后overcautiou s过于谨慎的)and indecisi犹豫不决的)

源远流长have a long hist呕心、沥血spare no effcffti龙点睛bring out the crucial po花天酒地go on the loo汗e马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famou独具匠心orig ina中流砥柱main stay, chief corn ers鱼米e之乡a land of milk and hone世外卜桃源a have n of peace

叠词的翻译

叠词是汉语的一种特殊词汇现象,使用非常普遍。汉语的名词、数词、量词、形容词、副词、动词以及象声词都有重叠变化,其主要形态格式有一下十类:

1. AA天天、看看、洋洋、哄哄

2. AAB毛毛雨、洗洗手、刷刷牙、写写字

3ABB眼巴巴、水汪汪、凉丝丝、亮堂堂

4.AAB高高兴兴、认认真真、三三两两、滴滴答答

5ABAB —个一个、雪白雪白、飞快飞快、漆黑漆黑

6. A —A看一看、试一试、热一热、猜一猜

7. A了(一)A:看了看、试了试、摸了摸、拍了拍(看了一看、试了一试、摸了一摸、拍了一拍)

8. A呀/呵A唱呀唱、游呀游、走呀走、读呀读

9. A着A着:说着说着、数着数着、跳着跳着、骑着骑着

10. A里AB糊里糊涂、傻里傻气、娇里娇气、罗里罗嗦

另外还有AABC式(楚楚动人)BCAA式(风雪茫茫)ABA Q一举一动)A都A不式(爬都不爬)这些格式使用率不高。汉语词汇重叠后,一般无词性变化。但是词义大都会发生变化。叠词词义变化可归纳为三种情况。

1增义:增加语义

2强义:加强语意

3弱义:减缓语意

叠词的翻译

虽然英语有重叠元音或辅音而形成的词汇,有类似于重叠的单词连续反复,以及象声词重叠的现象。但是,与汉语的重叠变化来说相去甚远,它们远不足以翻译汉语的叠词。因此,大多数情况下,只能舍弃其形式而译其意义,用比较切近、

自然的译文表达出原文的语意和体现重叠后词的词义变化。尽管如此,我们还是

可以从中找出一基本的翻译方法。

1借助every al、each等词语,以表达增义的语意,例如:

件件衣服都很漂亮

All of these suits of clothes are beatiful.

绿化祖国,人人有责

It ' s everybod y s duty to make our motherland green.

2用相同的词连续反复的方法翻译,汉英中,同一个词用介词(after, i n, to, upo n,

with等)或and连续起来使用,用连字符连接起来使用,或者用逗号隔开重叠

使用。以此来“增义或强义”

一天一天、一年一年

Day after day and year after year

农民犁田只能一块一块地犁

Peasa nts can only plough the land plot by plot.

3用复数形式翻译

学生三三两两地坐在教室里

The stude nts their seats in the classroom by twos and threes.

一群一群的人蜂拥而进大厅

Crowds of people swarmed into the hall.

4.用语义相符的英语表达方式或语法结构表达叠词的强义。

数着数着,两只兔子快到对岸了

As they coun ted the two found themselves quite n ear the other side of the river.

他们听着听着不觉哈哈大笑起来。

As they listened they burst into laughter.

他思绪滚滚,早已忘却约会一事

He had bee n so busy with her own emoti on that he had forgotte n about the appo in tme

nt.

2017年12月考研的(18年9月入学,暨18考研党)直播课请戳我报名

附:一些常用的四字格翻译,这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译,放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。

预防为主prevention first

综合治理comprehensive control/management

QUO se pej!un eq isjjojp juiof 8>|eiu ispueq uiof !j8q;86o; ||nd Q—形q

paXojjsap pue psjsnbuoo Suisq iuoipuijxa

pjoooe QUO屮!M」。屮。601 BuijqBij iXjuepiios

X|6UIAJ8/\/\S un 形牆皿一

jde” eq sXe/v\|e pinoqs juaiiniiuiuoQ

等丄卑一

jS3|ij 3lui) MOH/ MOJJB ue e”!| S3i|j aiuii

injesn si e屮6uimXj8A8 aoejqiua

SJ8AU jo spaipuni| sjiiupe 1! esneoaq JSBA SI qoiq/v\ 'ueaoo。屮se QAIS npu! se eq pinoqs 8UQ YM影号

Xuoiujeq papad ui apis Xq apis 3Ai| suoijeu nv M旦膽耿9¥2吐卑

A||nq ;ou p『oqs qou。屮pue 。屮ssaiddo ;ou pinoqs B UOJJS eq

jood。屮

s」e屮o 屮!M Xuoiujeq ui 6UIAI|

ssduiiJoqqSidu poo6 pue 80U8|0A8U8q 'Xjiieipjoo

sjuiod 冋;e i|6nojq^eajq

uo-qsnd punoj-||e/8Ji;u8 率聊囲勇

浩然气概noble spirit

不屈节操unyielding moral principle

赴汤蹈火go through fire and water

殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death

可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears

英勇卓绝heroic and splendid

插科打诨comic parts

精微深奥profound and abstruse

博大精深extensive and profound

源远流长run a long history

天下为公The world belongs to all the people.

天下兴亡

匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country.

吃苦耐劳hard work and enduring hardship

勤俭持家run the household industriously and frugally

尊师重教respect teachers and attach importance to education 当务之急urgent; imminent

不谋而合coincide with

莘莘学子students

青春洋溢young

书香浓郁academic/cultural atmosphere

朝气蓬勃

充满活力dynamic; vigorous

多姿多彩colorful

日新月异change with each passing day

光芒四射shining; brilliant

安居乐业live and work happily and peacefully

相知无远近

万里尚为邻Distance can never separate real friends.

携手前进join hands

名列前茅rank top

此起彼伏rise one after another, keep cropping up

繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce

改朝换代changes of dynasties 穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all o'nes armed might to indulge in wars of aggression 雅俗共赏appeal to both refined and popular tastes

与日俱增increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase

极目远眺look as far as the eye can see

按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority

求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside differences

流连忘返linger on; be too delighted to leave

乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick

不宣而战start an undeclared war

尽收眼底hold a panoramic view

扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses

反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government

集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas

辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new

开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead

求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences

延年益寿prolong on'e s life

审时度势size up the trend of events

招商引资attract investment

急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits

扫黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography

减员增效downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency 退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pasture

互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial

集资办学raise money to set up new schools

寓教于乐teach through lively activities

因材施教teach students according to their aptitude

按劳分配distribution according to performance

廉洁奉公honestly perform o'nes official duties

呕心沥血spare no efforts

画龙点睛bring out the crucial point

绿水青山green hills and clear waters

墨客骚人men of letters

奇花异草exotic flowers and herbs

鱼米乡land of milk and honey

奇峰异石picturesque peaks and rocks

浓妆抹eavy or light makeup

轩然大波great disturba nee, a mighty uproar

凤毛麟角rity of rarities

层峦叠fenge upon range of mountains; the hills rise aro?nd 崇山峻岭steep mountains

雕梁画 ^Irved beams and pain ted pillars

名山大川famous mountains and great rivers

湖光山色landseape of lakes and hills

青山绿水een hills and clear waters

名胜古迹Cen ic spots and historical sites

平等互利equality and mutual benefit

国计民生ati onal welfare and the peop'livelihood 灵丹妙药an acea/miraculous cure

中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone

世外桃源 a haven of peace

长治久安 a long period of stability

按劳分配 distribution according to one ' s performance a blaze of bright col 姹紫嫣红 toweri ng and steep moun 崇3山峻 岭

Each tur n of the boat affords a differe nt 船移景eTy carved beams and pain ted 雕梁e 画栋

sce nery of excepti onal (洞天福地

Waters rush dow n in whirlpools an 飞流急s

the paths running sinu ously amidst th 峰 回e 路k 转

an cie nt architect 古rat 筑群

of an tique beai^色古香 n ati onal pa 国家公园 toweri ng and magnif 宏伟挺拔 beautiful sce nery of lakes and md 湖光1光山色 look as far as the eye ca 极目远眺

the south of the lower reaches of the Yan 江南水乡r resple ndent and magni 金碧n 辉煌

comma nd a pano ramic vi S W 收眼底 be greatly surprised/astoriiS 奇e 不 已

Ragi ng/Tumultuous/Turbule nt waves pound or i tl 涛拍案ks.

a super

b collecti on of beautifu 琳琅满s 目

Lr 13

placed closely side by W de栉比beautifully wrou玲h fe 剔透

lin ger on and forget to r流连&忘返tourist attractio n; sce nic spo t; places o旅ntefe点t an en dless stre络H绎不绝too many beautiful thi ngs to be appreciate美不胜收e

famous sce nic spots and places of historic名胜古迹st known far and W闻名遐尔famous men of let S r客骚人

exotic flowers and h奇花异草

be surro un ded by moun tain群山环抱

Mountains are high and torre nts atedsWi急range upon range of gree 山h峦l 迭翠

asce nd step by st拾级而上

举足轻重decisive, vital, significant

光辉灿烂glorious and magnificent

不可磨灭indelible

无边无际boundless

广袤富饶vast and fertile

宏伟挺拔towering magnificence

金壁辉煌splendid and magnificent

玲珑剔透exquisitely carved/made/wrought 蔚为壮观splendid; spectacular

庄严肃穆solemn

不屈不挠unyielding, unrelenting, dauntless

汉语四字格的分类

汉语四字格的分类 四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点,它一般由分成前后两个部分的四个词素构成。 从语法关系看,词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者并列关系 从结构上看,四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。自由词组是临时组成的,可以随意拆散,重新组合,例如:“品种齐全,做工精细”等;而固定词组是一个整体,四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。 四字格的汉英翻译方法 汉语中出现的四字格,很多只是为了读起来上口,对仗,并没有太深的寓意,在英语中我们并不一定能找到一个表达形式与之对应,我们只需准确理解其真正含义,然后进行翻译: 1、将四字格前后两个词语分开 2、判断这两个词语属于什么词类 3、分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系 4、通过逻辑关系确定翻译方法 并列关系法:将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,然后中间用并列连 词”and”连接即可。 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites青山绿水green hills and clear waters平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益draw on collective wisom and absorb all useful ideas

语义重复法:这类四字格前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译的话就构成语义重复了,所以在翻译这类四字格的时候,只需翻译一项语义就行 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment 目的关系法:这类四字格前后两个词语具有目的关系,对于这类四字格可以采用动词不定式或者介词短语来表达目的状语 减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one 途径方式法:具有这种逻辑关系的四字格可以采用介词through ,according to, with 等介词短语表达相应的方式状语 寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business 偏正词组法:对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次,将其中一个词语处理为修饰性成分,而将另外一个处理为中心词 廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented 动宾关系:优势互补complement each other’s advantages 自主经营,自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses 条件关系:不进则退no progress simply means regression 省略意向:瞻前顾后overcautious (过于谨慎的)and indecisive(犹豫不决的)源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits 闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace

四字格的翻译

中口历年真题: 高尔基说过:“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”0103 Gorgy once said, “Books are steps toward human progress.” 廉政建设0203 building of an honest and clean government 全神贯注0203 with rapt attention; concentrate on 改革开放0303 the reform and opening-up policy 远见卓识0303 foresighted, foresight 扩大内需0309 expand the domestic need 以邻为伴、与人为善0403 making partnership and being friendly to the neighboring countries 友好合作0403 friendly cooperation 艰辛努力0403 arduous efforts 名列前茅0503 rank among the best 携手前进0509 j oin hands and advance together 相知无远近,万里尚为邻0509 Distance can never separate real friends. 多姿多彩0603colorful 色彩斑斓0603 colorful 日新月异0603change dramatically with each passing day 光芒四射0603 shining; brilliant 鲜艳夺目0603shining; brilliant 安居乐业0603live and work in peace and happiness/contentment 朝气蓬勃,充满活力0603 dynamic; vigorous; energetic 莘莘学子0609(many) students 青春洋溢0609young 书香浓郁0609 academic/cultural atmosphere 息息相关0703 be closely related to/ concern sth. 坚定不移0709 persists unswervingly in 独立富强,民生幸福0709 an independent and prosperous country, and a comfortable and happy life for the people 孜孜以求0709 assiduously (seek) 自主创新0803 independence and innovation, independent and innovative 情投意合0809have an affinity for each other 不虚此生0903 make our life meaningful 附庸风雅0909 mingle with men of letters and p ose as lovers of culture 暗自窃笑0909 titter 翩然而至1003 advent/ arrival 此起彼伏1003(ring) one after another, echo each other 中流砥柱1003play the backbone role 力挽狂澜1003turn the tide 攻坚克难1003overcome the current difficulties 柳暗花明1003have bright prospects 华洋杂居1009co-inhabited by Chinese locals and foreign nationals 生活百态1009 all aspects of people’s life 丰富多彩1009 colorful

汉语四字格及新词翻译

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最新中文地址如何翻译成英文(精)

5栋 Building No.5 ----------- 请看相关资料 翻译原则:先小后大。 中国人喜欢先说小的后说大的,如 **区 **路 **号 而外国人喜欢先说大的后说小的,如 **号 **路 **区,因此您在翻译时就应该先写小的后写大的 . 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小, 如:X 国 X 省 X 市 X 区 X 路 X 号, 而英文地址则刚好相反, 是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是:X 号, X 路, X 区, X 市, X 省, X 国。掌握了这个原则,翻译起来就容易多了! X 室 Room X X 号 No. X X 单元 Unit X X 号楼 Building No. X X 街 X Street X 路 X Road X 区 X District X 县 X County X 镇 X Town

X 市 X City X 省 X Province 请注意:翻译人名、路名、街道名等,最好用拼音。 中文地址翻译范例: 宝山区示范新村 37号 403室 Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District 虹口区西康南路 125弄 34号 201室 Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South, HongKou District 473004河南省南阳市中州路 42号李有财 Li Youcai Room 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473004 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财 Li Youcai Hongyuan Hotel Jingzhou city Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路 272号特钢公司李有财

唯美的中文翻译成英文

唯美的中文翻译成英文 Abandon 放弃 Disguise 伪装 Abiding 持久的,不变的~friendship Indifferent 无所谓 Forever 最爱 I know what you want 我知道你想要什么 See you forget the breathe 看见你忘了呼吸 Destiny takes a hand.命中注定 anyway 不管怎样 sunflower high-profile向日葵,高姿态。 look like love 看起来像爱 Holding my hand, eyes closed you would not get lost 牵着我的手,闭着眼睛走你也不会迷路 If one day the world betrayed you, at least I betray the world for you! 假如有一天世界背叛了你,至少还有我为你背叛这个世界! This was spoiled child, do not know the heart hurts, naive cruel. 这样被宠惯了的小孩子,不知道人心是会伤的,天真的残忍。

How I want to see you, have a look you changed recently, no longer said once, just greetings, said one to you, just say the word, long time no see. 我多么想和你见一面,看看你最近的改变,不再去说从前,只是寒暄,对你说一句,只说这一句,好久不见。 In fact, not wine, but when the thought of drinking the unbearable past. 其实酒不醉人,只是在喝的时候想起了那不堪的过去。 The wind does not know clouds drift, day not know rain down, eyes do not understand the tears of weakness, so you don't know me 风不懂云的漂泊,天不懂雨的落魄,眼不懂泪的懦弱,所以你不懂我 Some people a lifetime to deceive people, but some people a lifetime to cheat a person 有些人一辈子都在骗人,而有些人用一辈子去骗一个人 Alone and lonely, is always better than sad together 独自寂寞,总好过一起悲伤 You are my one city, one day, you go, my city, also fell 你是我的一座城,有一天,你离开了,我的城,也就倒了。

中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧

中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小,如:X国X省X市X区X路X号,而英文地址则刚好相反,是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是:X号,X路,X区,X市,X省,X国。 1.各部分写法 ●X室:Room X ●X号:No. X ●X单元:Unit X ●X楼/层:X/F ●X号楼:Building No. X ●住宅区/小区:ResidentialQuater ●X街:XStreet ●X路:XRoad East/Central/West东路/ 中路/ 西路 芙蓉西二路/ West 2nd Furong Road Central Dalian Rd. /大连中路 芙蓉中路的“中”可以用Central,也有用Middle的,一般用Mid比较简洁。 ●X区:XDistrict ●X镇:XTown ●X县:XCounty ●X市:XCity ●X省:XProvince ●国家(State)中华人民共和国:The People’s Republic of China、P.R.China、P.R.C.、 China ●X信箱:M ailbox X 请注意:翻译人名、路名、街道名等,最好用拼音。 各地址单元间要加逗号隔开。

2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房Room 201 二单元Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋Building 1 华为科技公司Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

xx公司xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍Dormitory 厂Factory 楼/层Floor 酒楼/酒店Hotel 住宅区/小区Residential Quater 县County 甲/乙/丙/丁A/B/C/D 镇Town 巷/弄Lane 市City 路Road(也简写作Rd.,注意后面的点不能省略)一环路1st Ring Road 省Province(也简写作Prov.) 花园Garden 院Yard 街Street/Avenue 大学College/University 信箱Mailbox 区District A座Suite A 广场Square 州State 大厦/写字楼Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同Alley(北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思) 中国部分行政区划对照 自治区Autonomous Region 直辖市Municipality 特别行政区Special Administration Region 简称SAR 自治州Autonomous Prefecture

汉语四字格短语英文翻译

(一)并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences (二)语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力,日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits

专八考试运用四字格

专八考试运用四字格 英语专业八级考试是全国性对已完成高年级阶段课程的英语专业学生是否达到教学大纲规定的八级要求进行的考试。翻译是其中很重要的一个内容,总比重占全部考试的20%,由汉译英和英译汉两部分组成,每部分为一个连续篇章。从历年翻译试题的归纳总结来看,各年的翻译选段都围绕人文话题,以人生哲理、个人见闻和随想为主,语体较为正式。在汉译英试题的汉语原文中,四字格出现的频率较高,如何准确地翻译试题中的四字格是考试的一大关注点和得分点。而在英译汉试题的汉语译文中,如能恰当地运用四字格则能达到增添文采、锦上添花的效果。本文以专八翻译试题为例,分析汉译英中汉语四字格的具体翻译方法,英译汉中译语四字格的运用标准和场合。 一、四字格简介 四字格,指的是四字短语或词组,是汉语中特有的词语组合现象,既包括汉语成语四字格,也包含非固定的普通四字格。“成语是人们长期以来习用的、形式简洁而意思精辟的定型的词组和短语。”[1]“汉语成语有百分之九十七采用四字格。”[2]而汉语中的普通四字格形式不固定,可根据具体语境自由搭配组合。汉语四字格因为其特有的修辞效果和美学价值——“音韵上的节奏美,形式上的整齐美,内容上的意象美,行文上的简介美”[3]而在汉语写作和翻译中运用越来越广

泛。恰当得体地运用四字格可以增强语言的感染力和表现力,但使用场合需加以注意,不可滥用、误用而因词害意。从历年专八翻译试题的归纳总结看,四字格在其中的运用也有广泛的趋势。如何准确地翻译汉译英试题中的四字格是考试的一大关注点和得分点,如何在英译汉试题翻译译文中恰当地运用四字格也值得探讨。 二、汉译英试题中汉语四字格的翻译 从2001~2011 年专八翻译试题的总结归纳看,汉译英试题涉及记叙、散文和论说三种体裁。围绕人文话题,以人生哲理、社会现象、文化生活、个人随想为主,语体都较为正式。几乎每一年的翻译试题原文中都有汉语四字格的出现,但其翻译并不是单纯机械地从英语中找一个形式与之相应的译文来处理。经总结,专八汉译英试题中汉语四字格翻译的具体方法如下: 1.根据语境,把握意思 翻译专八汉译英试题中汉语四字格时,应结合试题的整体语境,分析出真正的具体意思,而不是其字面意思进行翻译。例(1):“得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道。”(2003 年真题)“横行霸道”在文中指“我”在家中做事任性,想干什么就干什么,为所欲为,可以翻译为getthings done one’s own way。全句可译为Before I fell ill,

英文翻译成中文

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四字格翻译

四字格翻译 (一)并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline* administration and institute decentralization (vt. To form into a smooth shape which moves easily through water or air 把…设计为流线型) 集思广益draw on* collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas (vt. To make use of)国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger (on, over)* with no thought of leaving for home (to wait for a time instead of going; 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences (二)语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea/ miraculous cure 长治久安 a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来,承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力,日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s alwa ys a way out

政治方面,四字格成语 英语翻译

政治经济活动 “达标”活动“target hitting” activities “豆腐渣”工程jerry-built project “一条龙”服务coordinated-process service 安居工程Housing Project for low-income families 按劳分配distribution according to one's performance 把握正确的舆论导向to properly guide the public opinion 把眼光放远一些to subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones / to be farsighted / to have a broad view 把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处to get the set principles,policies and measures implemented 百花齐放、百家争鸣Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. 百年不遇once-in-a-century 摆门面to put up an impressive front 半拉子工程uncompleted project 包干到户work contracted to households 保重点,不撒胡椒面Resources must be channeled to (or concentrated on ) priority projects and not spread thinly (evenly) everywhere. 本位主义departmentalism 变相涨价disguised inflation 拨乱反正to set things right / to restore things to order 不顾条件,一哄而起to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions 不合理收费、集资和摊派to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization 不良风气unhealthy ways and customs 不正之风unhealthy practice (tendency) 部优产品Ministry-recognized quality goods / products 菜篮子工程the shopping basket project 参政议政意识the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs 超计划生育to have more children than what is planned / extra-plan babies 吃大锅饭the egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot ” 吃皇粮to receive salaries,subsidies,or other supported from the government 传销pyramid selling / multi-level marketing 春运(passenger)transportation during the Spring Festival 磁悬浮列车maglev train (magnetically levitated train) / magnetic suspension 打白条to issue IOUs 打假to crack down on counterfeit goods 打破僵局to break the deadlock 大路货staple goods 大排档sidewalk snack booth / large stall 大腕top notch (singer etc.) / a heavyweight 待业job-waiting 党群关系Party-masses relationship 党性one's Party morale / Party spirit / Party character 倒爷profiteer 第二职业second employment / second occupation 第三产业tertiary industry / service sector

中文名字的英文写法

中文名字最标准的英文写法就是直接翻译成汉语拼音:Li Leyang或Lee Yeyang 西方人的习惯是名字在前,姓在后,二者间如果有中间名(Middle name),Middle name一般用简写,中国人如果有英文名字,在正式的场合可以参照这种格式。比如,搜狐创始人、董事局主席张朝阳的英文名字就写成:Charles CY. Zhang. 搜狐所有英文正式文件中张朝阳的名字都是这样写的。 如果没有英文名字,那么应该按照中国人的习惯(姓在前名字在后)直接把中文名字翻译成汉语拼音作为英文写法!很典型的例子,奥运会上,所有中国运动员的名字在运动衣上都是这样翻译的(以前不是,后来国家颁布了《汉语拼音方案》,并解释到《汉语拼音方案》是拼写中文人名地名唯一标准后,统一改过来了),所以,中国人名字的英文写法,就是汉语拼音:姓在前,名在后,姓和名分开写,姓和名的开头字母均大写! 两个字的是:比如:张三就应该写:Zhang San 三个字的是:1.单姓,比如:李小言就应该写:Li Xiaoyan 2.复姓,比如:诸葛亮就应该写:Zhuge Liang 四个字的是:1.单姓,比如:李雨中生就应该写:Li Yuzhongsheng 2.复姓,比如:司马相如就应该写:Sima Xiangru 1. Last Name就是姓,First Name就是名,請勿混淆。 2. "國語羅馬拼音對照表" 乃外交部護照科所採用的中英文姓名翻譯原則,為了保持所有文 件的統一,建議同學根據此表來翻譯姓名及地址。 3. 同學的英文姓名,應由中文姓名音譯,並與大學英文畢業證書、英文成績單、TOEFL / GRE / GMAT考試及申請學校、辦理護照及簽證時所用的英文姓名完全一致,如姓名不 一致,將造成申請學校、辦護照、簽證時身份的困擾,徒增麻煩。 4. 如果有英文別名 (如John、Mary...等),可以將別名當做Middle Name。 [例] 王甫平有一個英文別名STEVE,其英文姓名可以下列方式列出: WANG FUPING S Last Name First Name M.I. 5. 如果沒有英文別名,M.I. 處不要填。 6. 如非必要,英文別名最好不要用,只用中文姓名的英譯最為單純。 7. 在國外使用英文姓名的建議:外國人習慣將名放在前面,姓放在後;而中國人的姓名, 則是姓在前名在後,有時在國外填寫資料時常會搞錯,建議在打履歷表、印名片或處理 資料時,如果填寫姓名的地方沒有註明Last Name時,英文姓名正確表達方法可以如: Fuping Wang 或 Wang, Fuping

汉语四字格的翻译

汉语四字格的翻译 汉语中四字结构的翻译在很多时候,令考生非常的头疼棘手,很多同学,要么会误认为这些都属于成语,要么总想在英语中找一个形式与之对应的翻译来处理,其实不然,汉语中出现的四字格,很多只是为了读起来上口,对仗,并没有太深的寓意,我们只需简单的理解一下意思,我们在很多情况下可以将四字格前后两个词语分开来处理,首先判断该结构属于什么词类,然后再分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系,用相应的单词或者表达处理即可。请看下面的例子: (一)并列关系 这种四字结构,前后两个词语属于并列关系,我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formation s 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences (二)语意重复 这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了,广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代,利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generation s

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