英美国家概况论文

Contents

Abstract (2) Key words (2) Introduction (2) Body (2)ⅠEnglish renaissance and humanism (2)

A.English renaissance (2)

B.English renaissance humanism (3)

ⅡThree aspects influnenced by English renaissance (3)

A.Drama (3)

B.Architecture (4)

C.Portraiture (4) Conclusion (5) Notes (6) Referances (7)

Influences of Renaissance in English

History

LI Siqi

Abstract: The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the early 16th century to the early 17th century. In this period, the most significant influence in English history is the spreading of humanism, which is reflected in the three main aspects: drama, architecture and portraiture through pouring humanism into works in those fields.. The greatly aroused creativity of human beings will create miracles.

Key words: Renaissance Humanism Drama Architecture Portraiture

"What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving, how express and admirable in action, how like an angel in apprehension, how like a god!" This sentence is abstracted from the book Hamlet written by Shakespeare, who is a representative figure in the period of English Renaissance. In this period, the most significant influence in English history is the spreading of humanism, which is a milestone in the development of English history, especially in art, and which is reflected in the three main aspects: drama, architecture and portraiture. This article is concentrated on how English renaissance puts influnence on these three aspects.

ⅠEnglish Renaissance and humanism

A. English Renaissance

But first, what is English renaissance? “The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the early 16th century to the early 17th

century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that many cultural historians believe originated in Tuscany in the 14th century. This era in English cultural history is sometimes referred to as "the age of Shakespeare" or "the Elizabethan era", the first period in English and British history to be named after a reigning monarch.”

B. English Renaissance Humanism

In the term of renaissance, humanism can not be ignored. Renaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. This intellectual movement sets basement for the reform of modern culture development through innovating literature, philosiphy, history, science and art. The typical attitude of humanists is negtiving the conceptions in Middle Ages. In those conseptions, devine will is the only thing a human being values and follow. On the contrary, human is put at the centre of the universe, and human’s intellect and spirit sre highly spoken of. Renaissance humanism has influence on almost every aspect in English history, soas drama, architecture and portraiture.

ⅡThree Aspects Influenced By English Renaissance

A. Drama

First, English renaissance humanism impacts upon drama, because drama, to a great extent, is closely related to the people, and bears the weight of social significance.

At the end of 16th century to the beginning of 17th century, a large amount of dramatists came into being: “Shakespeare, Ohristopher·Marlow, Robert·Green, Thomas·Haywood, Card·Johnson, and so on, are representatives of humanism in the UK.”1The common characteristic of their works is that human values are emphasized, human secerity, goodness and beauty are praised.

Take Shakespeare，whose works are peak of advanced drama creation, for example, he combines the approval of beautiful human nature and emotions with the criticisement of Middle Age’s dark legacy, such as prejudice, cruel government, and blooding civil war. Especially his historical dramas,such as King Lear, Hamlet and Athens Dimon, reflect that he regardes the then established social order as abnormal thing and corrupt rule of money. We have known that the then government represented the highest devine right. The criticisement of cruel domination in his works is an evidence for his calling on natural human nature and his desaining devine right. “The great optimistic Shakespeare, losing no confidence toward future, shows sympathy for those ordinary people who are fighting against evil. The assurance of secerity and buauty of human nature just exist here.

B.Architecture

Second, English renaissance humanism pushes architecture forward to a style of persuing comfort.

To the beginning of 17th century, the main type of English architecture is outskirt castle, which shows the mentality of persuing comfort of home. Some renaissance decoration replaced Gothic decoration, for example, wood carving with colouful embossment exists in Baptist Rayford and some other old cities.

The most famous architest then is Ynnige·Jones. His the most famous work is Palice Huaiteheer, which did not been handed down; another architecture called “queen house”(lacated in Greenwich, 1635) is simple and fetching; the third work of him is a small Londen church (located in Londen, 1631) has the same feature. Johns’works are simple and comfortable interior, according to which, humanism is shown because architecture style of his works is fit with the practical demand of ordinary people.

C.Portraiture

Third, English renaissance humanism puts more blood into portraiture. It is the model himself that be concerned in that period but drawing itself.

“In the court of Elizabeth, drawing for the queen at will is baned, but only normal portrait drawing is permitted. Paiters only pay attention to the paint of dress, so the figures’ faces in these portraits were still and lifeless.”2

While in the period of renaissance, humanism is emphasized, so paiters pay more attention to the various characteristics of individuals. Own to this fact, portraits are becoming vivid gradually. Some successful paiters appear one by one: Samuel

el ·Cooper, Nicholas·Shirleejade(1547-1619), Isaac·Oliver（1562-1617）, Peter and Williams. The figures in their poraits are lifelike and livly, and the characteristics of them are described perfectly. The portraits of George·Clifford, Edward·Hobby, and Henry·Anton are all forceful evidence of humanism.

Ⅲ.Conclusion

Renaissance is an intellectual movement, also a thend of thought. Renaissance brought new prospect to drama, architecture and portraiture in the United Kingdom through pouring humanism into works in those fields. It spreaded humanism in England and overtured the attitude that devine right was paramout, it set shacled souls free and brought a new sight of observing nature and self. The people who had broken loose the chains of devine will gained unprecedented strenth and became the centre of the world. Human beings are no longer worshiper in front of shrine. “A passel of great master in art, who grown up in the circumstance of renaissance humanism in England appeared in the 15th and 16th century. The exciting works created by them proved such a fact: the greatly aroused creativity of human beings will create miracles.”3

Other accomplishments in the field of painting must had been existing in the period of renaissance in England, not only portraiture. More resarch can be done there.

Notes

1. PING Ye, European Art During Renaissance(河北：河北教育出版社)，548

2. PING Ye, European Art During Renaissance(河北：河北教育出版社)，555

3. ZHANG Xiaolin, Masters During Renaissance(安徽：安徽美术出版社，2003)，105

References

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方昱，2005，《华丽的回归：文艺复兴的辉煌与荣耀》。北京：北京大学出版社。

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Renaissance. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/067851261.html,/wiki/Renaissance

Renaissance_humanism.https://www.wendangku.net/doc/067851261.html,/wiki/Humanism#Renaissance_humanism

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难点： 英国政府议会选举程序。 【教学内容】 1、英国君主立宪制度议会制度及内阁 2、英国选举制度、政党制及政治发展趋势 3、英国经济概况、农业及飞机工业的发展 第三章英国的对外关系 【教学基本要求】 通过课文讲解使学生认识英国的发展历史、外交政策及英美两国的关系。【教学时数】6 【教学重点和难点】 重点： 英帝国的扩张历史； 难点： 对外政策的基础和对外关系发展。 【教学内容】 1、大英帝国的扩张历史及现状、英国对外政策的基础和立足点 2、英国与北约、欧盟等一些国际组织的关系 3、英美两个资本主义大国之间的关系 第四章英国社会文化与生活 【教学基本要求】 通过教学，让学生了解英国的教育体制和社会各阶层的生活情况。 【教学时数】 6 【教学重点和难点】 重点： 英国教育特点；传统节日。 难点： 英国各阶层和种族情况。 【教学内容】 1、英国社会各阶层、各种族概述 2、英国教育体系及特点和传统节日 3、英国新闻传媒机构简介 第五章英国文学 【教学基本要求】 使学生了解英国各时期文学的创作特色，能够欣赏相关文学作品。

英美文化论文

论文题目： Choose a topic from the followings and write an essay about it. (Total score: 100) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/067851261.html,pare “American and British Modern Education”: Analyze the similarities and differences from their history, system and emphasis. 2.Elaborate “America n’s role in the two World Wars”: when, how, why did US enter the war, and its role. 3.Elaborate “American Dream” in the perspective of USA?s early settlement, civil war, civil right movements or modern values. 论文模板： American’s role in the two World Wars（标题，3号字体，全 文字体均用Times New Roman） --a comparision….(副标题，可有可无，小三号) Abstract: This essay aims at redressing some of the imbalanced coverage given to this area of history thus far. A chronological study, it examines the role, importance and, to some exte nt, impact of a wide range of women?s organisations in the local context. Some were local branches of national organisations, others were specifically concerned with local issues. The local focus allows a challenge to be made to much current thought as to the strength of a“women?s movement” in the years between the suffrage movement and the emergence of a more radical form of feminism in the 1970s. The strength of feminist issues and campaigning is studied in three periods – the inter-war period, the Second World War and its immediate aftermath, and the 1950s and 1960s. (4号字，不超过300字,两端对齐) Keywords: WW; American; (不超过4个关键词，4号字)

英语国家概况论文 黄爱灵

湖南涉外经济学院外国语学院2013-2014《英语国家概况》期末小论文班级_英本1202班___ 姓名__黄爱灵__评分____________ American Higher Education American education system in the United States is the world's cause of education of the most developed countries in the world. American education system as early as the founding of beginning to take shape when, after 200 years of development and gradually perfect, Formation of the primary, secondary and tertiary institutions High education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. In the past more than 300 years, it has developed into a large enterprise with a very complex system. The higher education comprises four categories of institutions: a) the university; b) the four-year undergraduate institution----the college; c) the technical training institution; and d) the two-year community college. In America, the education system has the differentGraduate Degrees years, Bachelor’s Degree have 4 years; Master’s Degree have 1-2 years; Doctor’s Degree, ph.D (doctor of philosophy), have at least 3 years. So what are the differences between the “college” and the “university” in America? The term “college”refers to an undergraduate institution that confers the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science after four years of study or an associate degree after two years study. While a university is generally a group of colleges, each serving a special purpose: college of business, college of arts and humanities, college of education, etc. The system of higher education in the United States has three functions: teaching, research and public service. Each college or university has its own emphasis with regard to its functions. The majority of the higher educationinstitutions are located in states that have a large population. The American higher education institutions offer a wide variety of subjects, from the finearts to practical and career-oriented fields such as engineering and marketing. The United States has a variety of higher education institutions, from large comprehensive universities to small traditional liberal arts colleges. Distinctions among these institutionsare in size, level, educational quality, residential atmosphere and the time it takes to complete a degree.At the undergraduate level, students’personal preferences as to size, academic quality and location play a key role in their choice of college or university. At the graduate level, more attention is paid to the reputation of the faculty and department. However,all this effort in America’s higher education is very expensive. Some of the costs come from fees and benefactions, particularly towards research, but most have to be paid from public funds. Parents favor big expenditures on higher education; a wider public opinionfavors them for idealistic and cultural reasons, and because of the supposed value of education as an investment by society.The first universities were developed by private charitable organizations. The private universities are still very important, and most of the best-known institutions, like Harvard, Yale and Princeton, are private. Most of the principal state universities have between 10, 000 and 30, 000 students,