Writing three thank-you letters

Writing three thank-you letters

It was 1943,during World War 2, and I was young U.S. coastguardsman.My ship,the USS Murzim,had been under way for several days.Most of her holds contained thousands of canned or dried foods.The other holds,were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks.Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.

I was one of the Murzim’s several books and,quite the same as for folk ashore,this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.

Well, as any cook knows,it’s a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal,and clean up and put everything away.But finally,around sundown,we finished at last.

I decided first to go out on the Murzim’s afterdeck for a breath of open air.I made my way out there,breathing in great,deep draughts while walking slowly about,still wearing my white cook’s hat.

I got to thinking about Thanksgiving,of the Pilgrims,Indians,wild turkeys,pumpkins,corn on the cob,and the rest.

Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else ---some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from seversing the word”Thanksgiving”---at least that suggested a verbal direction,”Giving thanks.”Giving thanks---as in praying,thanking God,I thought.Yes,of course.Certainly.

Yet my mind continued turning the idea over.

After a while,like a dawn’s brightening,a f urther answer did come---that there were people th thank,people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embrassing truth was I’d always just accepted what they’d done,taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple,sincere “Thank you.”

At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized,swallowing hard,that about half of them had since died---so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude frome me.The more I thought about it,the more ashamed I became.Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes,I was down in my cabin.

Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done,I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad,Simon A.Haley,a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff,Arkansas;to my grandma,Cynthia Palmer,back in out litte hometown of Henning,Tennessee;and to the Rev.Lomual Nelson,my gtammar school principal,retired and living in Ripley,six miles north of Henning.

The texts of my letters began something like,”Here,this Thanksgiving at sea,I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me,but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you---“And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf.

For instance,something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon

me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact,this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later ler me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.

I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town’s gtammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.

In the letter to my grandmother,I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth,to share,and to br forgiving and considerate of others.I thanks her for the years of eating her good cooking,the equal of which I had not found since.Finally,I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.

Before I slept,my three letters went into our ship’s office mail sack.They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island.

We unloaded cargo,reloaded with something else,then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us,and as the days became weeks,my little personal experience receded.Sometimes,when we were at sea,a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home,which,of course,we accorded topmost priority.

Every time the ship’s loudspeaker rasped,”Attention!Mail call!”two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen,standing by those precious bulging gray sacks.They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were,in turn,shouting back”Here!Here!”amid the pushing.

One”mail call”brought me responses from Grandma, Dad,and the Reverend Nelson---and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.

Rather than saying they would forgive that I had n’t previously thanked them,instead,for Pete’s sake,they were thanking me---for having remembered,for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.

Always the college professor,my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental,so I knew how moved yound people,he now felt that his best results included his own son.

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple,old-fashioned principal”had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he has retired in selfdoubt.”I had done wrong than what I did right.”he said,adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.

A glance at Grandma’s familiar handwriting brought baci in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair,watching her”settin’down”some letter to relatives.Character by Character,Grandma would slowly accomplish one word,then the next,so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma’s recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me---whom she used to diaper!

Much later,retired from Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer,I never forgot how those three”thank you”lettlers gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.

Now,approaching another Thanksgiving,I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this,for our nation,indeed for our whole world---since,quoting a good and wise friend of mine,”In the end we are mightily and merely people,each with similar needs.”First,I wish for us,of course,the simple common sense to achieve world peace,that being paramount for the very survival of our kind.

And there is something else I wish---so strongly that I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery:”Find the good---and praise it.”

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如何翻译古文 学习古代汉语，需要经常把古文译成现代汉语。因为古文今译的过程是加深理解和全面运用古汉语知识解决实际问题的过程，也是综合考察古代汉语水平的过程。学习古代汉语，应该重视古文翻译的训练。 古文翻译的要求一般归纳为信、达、雅三项。“信”是指译文要准确地反映原作的含义，避免曲解原文内容。“达”是指译文应该通顺、晓畅，符合现代汉语语法规范。“信”和“达”是紧密相关的。脱离了“信”而求“达”，不能称为翻译；只求“信”而不顾“达”，也不是好的译文。因此“信”和“达”是文言文翻译的基本要求。“雅”是指译文不仅准确、通顺，而且生动、优美，能再现原作的风格神韵。这是很高的要求，在目前学习阶段，我们只要能做到“信”和“达”就可以了。 做好古文翻译，重要的问题是准确地理解古文，这是翻译的基础。但翻译方法也很重要。这里主要谈谈翻译方法方面的问题。 一、直译和意译 直译和意译是古文今译的两大类型，也是两种不同的今译方法。 1．关于直译。所谓直译，是指紧扣原文，按原文的字词和句子进行对等翻译的今译方法。它要求忠实于原文，一丝不苟，确切表达原意，保持原文的本来面貌。例如： 原文：樊迟请学稼，子曰：“吾不如老农。”请学为圃。子曰：“吾不如老圃。”（《论语?子路》） 译文：樊迟请求学种庄稼。孔子道：“我不如老农民。”又请求学种菜蔬。孔子道：“我不如老菜农。”（杨伯峻《论语译注》） 原文：齐宣王问曰：“汤放桀，武王伐纣，有诸？”（《孟子?梁惠王下》） 译文：齐宣王问道：“商汤流放夏桀，武王讨伐殷纣，真有这回事吗？（杨伯峻《孟子译注》） 上面两段译文紧扣原文，字词落实，句法结构基本上与原文对等，属于直译。 但对直译又不能作简单化理解。由于古今汉语在文字、词汇、语法等方面的差异，今译时对原文作一些适当的调整，是必要的，并不破坏直译。例如： 原文：逐之，三周华不注。（《齐晋鞌之战》） 译文：〔晋军〕追赶齐军，围着华不注山绕了三圈。

翻译基础期末试卷A

课程代码：0730090 第 1 页 共 4 页 出卷老师：万小磊 广东******学院 201*-201*学年第二学期期末考核试卷 适用年级、专业或班级：商英****班 考试科目：英汉翻译基础（汉译英） （闭卷）（C 卷） 总分：100分 考试时间：90分钟 一．Fill in the blanks （1 point for each blank ，6 points in total ） 1. 要胜任汉英翻译工作译者必须具备至少三种素养: 深厚的____________,广博的____________和高度的___________。 2. 以下各位分别提出了什么翻译标准? 刘重德___________, 傅雷________, 钱钟书___________。 二. Choose one proper word to fill in the blanks. Use its plural when necessary. （2 points for each blank, 14 points in total ） 1. 心有余而力不足 One’s ability falls short of one’s _________________. 2. 您的建议我会永远铭记在心。I will always bear your advice in_____________. 3. 如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。You’ll hurt her____________if you forget her birthday. 4. 居心叵测 to nurser evil__________________. 5. 得人心者得天下 Those who gain___________________among the people will gain the 系别 班级 学号 姓名 - --------------- ---------- ------- ------- -------- -- - --- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----- - --- - -- -- -装 订 线 - ------- ---- - -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- ----- ---- - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----------------

借助逻辑进行英汉翻译

摘要:通过实例,从借助逻辑选择词义、翻译句子、翻译段落及篇章和进行表达四个方面,阐述了在翻译过程中运用逻辑进行分析的必要性,并提出“逻辑在翻译过程中起着不容忽视的积极作用”这一结论。 关键词:逻辑分析;翻译;必要性;不容忽视 翻译是把一种语言所表达的思维内容用另一种语言表达出来的语言活动,它包含着一个对原文含义的理解逐步深入,对原文含义的表达逐步完善的过程。大凡一篇文章,一个段落甚至单独的一句话,没有不按一定的逻辑组织构成的。所以,在翻译过程中运用逻辑进行分析,按照语义层层剥出原文所表达的逻辑意义是必不可少的。而译者在深入透彻地理解原文以后,要以译文的形式准确生动地反映和表达原文,使内容和形式有机地统一起来,同样需要逻辑思维。可见,逻辑与翻译是密不可分的。从一定意义上讲,翻译就是进行逻辑思维活动。借助于逻辑分析、理解和表达原文,可大大提高译文的质量,避免不必要的错误。 下面,从翻译的几个层次人手,谈谈如何借助逻辑进行英汉翻译。 一、借助逻辑选择词义 选择词义是理解原文的第一步。没有正确的词义选择,就谈不上是一篇好的译文。英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象,这就增加了词义选择的难度。在翻译过程中,如果我们善于从逻辑分析人手,而不仅仅从单词的表面意义上选择和确定词义,那么,译文的准确和忠实就可得到较大的保证。 译:“一个受过良好教育、有知识或有胆识的人实在不可能把金钱作为他孜孜以求的主要目标,正如他不可能把吃饭当作最主要的目标一样”。dinner在字典上的意义是“正餐”或“宴会”,但在这个句子中似乎那个都不大确切,因为这里正在谈论的是人生目标这样的大命题。“正餐”或“宴会”都显得过于琐碎、具体,与之不相称,运用逻辑思维进行分析,只有翻译成“吃饭”才合适。因为我们平时常说“我们吃饭是为了活着,而活着不是为了吃饭”。 译:“第一天晚上,岛上的德国人增加了一倍以上,并且不断地用空投和滑翔机增援,从第二天晚上起,还用运输机来增援。”这里carriers的意思可以是“运输机”,也可以是“运输舰”或“航母”,但这句话的上文是“这次空中袭击是出乎意外的”,下文是“这些飞机开始在被占领的机场降落”。因此,从上下文逻辑关系看,carriers应做“运输机”解。 二、借助逻辑翻译句子 分析英文的语法结构,是理解句意的重要方法,然而,有些英语词句的表层结构与表达的语义之间存在着复杂的关系,若从表层形式分析理解,会误入歧途。所以,我们在翻译句子时需借助于逻辑对其深层结构进行分析,按照原句要表达的逻辑意念确定各成分间错综复杂的关系,这样译文才可能更准确,更能表达原意。 原译:“将来人们回忆起20世纪时候,不会把它看成是征服了太空或利用了原子动力世纪,而是看成制造了首批具有智能机器世纪。”该句结构并不复杂,但由于译者没有深刻地领会句子各成分之间的逻辑关系,将句中but一词单纯理解为表转折,才出现了上面不符合逻辑的译文。其实,but在这里相当于表否定意义的连词(unless),含义是“如果不……”,其前后两个句子成分之间隐含了条件关系。而且从逻辑角度分析,but前面的内容为原句所表达的重点,后面的只起解释补充的次要作用。此外,rememberas……这个补语在该句中应译为“把……叫做……”。理清原句的逻辑关系,再按汉语先说条件的表达习惯,可将此句译为:如果在20世纪不制造出具有智能首批机器,我们就不会称20世纪为征服宇宙世纪或利用原子能世纪。 例 2:Asubstantialexcessinoutputcapacityofatrans-formercanbeachievedbyacceleratingth elossofitsinsulationlife. 原译:“变压器输出容量的过度超出可通过加速绝缘寿命的缩短来取得。”这样译,尽管没有语法结构上的错误,substantial和loss两词也译得不错,但从逻辑角度分析,这样翻译是

大学英语舞台剧剧本

Cast Anita :Never understand why students like to ship classes; Kevin:Treats “skipping classes ” as the principle of university life; Ken : Eager to skip classes but dares not to do it ; Jason:Always commits himself not to skip cases; Steven:Always gives himself a good excuse for skipping classes; Rita:A professional class skipper Scene I (Anita, Kevin, Ken, Jason, Steven, and Rita are all Tunghai University students. They are good friends. One day, Ken and Jason meet on the way to the classroom.) Ken: Why are you late? And, you just missed the last class. The teacher gave us the main topics for the mid-term examination. Jason: Oh, shoot! I just missed it. Would you lend me your notes so I can make a copy? Ken: Sure if you give me a good reason why you missed the class. You promised me that you would be in class on time today. Jason: Believe me, I would like to keep my word. The problem is that I have the “Business Management” test today and I was up studying for it till three o’clock this morning. Then I fell asleep and woke up at ten o’clock this morning. Ken: You studied until three o’clock this morning? Why? What did you do yesterday afternoon? I know you were free from four o’clock on yesterday. Jason: Well, I met one of my very old friends on line and we just talked too long…Ken: For God’s sake! Don’t you care about next week’s mid-term examination? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scene II (Anita, Steven and Kevin are talking to one another in front of a classroom. And, Anita is trying to prevent Steven and Kevin from cutting the next class.) Anita: Hey, we’ll have the “Business Management” class in a few minutes.Where are you going? Don’t tell me that you are going to argue with Jason. Steven: I will do anything for my good friend. Of course I am going to argue with the guy who gave my good friend a hard time. Anita: You always like to get involved in someone else’s business. You’ll get yourself in trouble. Don’t you know it? ... Kevin: Anita, don’t be upset with him. He will not listen to you. Just leave him alone. By the way, I am still waiting for your decision. Are you coming with me to the concert tomorrow? Anita: Oh, I am sorry that I almost forgot it. What time tomorrow? Kevin: T wo o’clock. I cannot wait to see my adorable superstar – Jolin. Oh, how wonderful! Anita: wait a minute. We have Calculus class tomorrow afternoon. Are you out of your mind?

英语期末考试翻译句子

Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.