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2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案

专题六情态动词和虚拟语气

1.【2015·北京】29.—Can’t you stay a little longer?

—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.

A .may

B .can

C . must

D .dare

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了,我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能,可以,也许;B. can能,会;C. must必须,必然要,必定会;D. dare敢,胆敢.结合句意,故选C.

【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析

【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词,这里考查的是语气的强度,在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思,所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境.

2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.

A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D.

【考点定位】虚拟语气

【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气.

3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel

A Farewell to Arms.

A.d idn’t write

B. hadn’t written

C. wouldn’t write

D. wouldn’t have written

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:没有他战时的经验,海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历,可知表示对于过去的否定猜测,故主句

用would have done,因此选D项.

【考点定位】考查虚拟语气

【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测建议等

含义,表示的含义不是客观存在的事实,此类的题目一般难度不大,主要找对时间状语,并

且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系,再来确定用对现在,过去还是将来的虚拟.

4.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all thes e

years.

A. must

B. can

C. will

D. shall

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:你肯定是卡罗,这些年你一点也没有变化. must表示对现在的肯定推测. 故

选A.

【考点定位】考查情态动词.

【名师点睛】must 表推测的用法must 表示很有把握的推测,其意为“一定会”“肯定

会”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句.表示对现在或未来的情况作推测,后接动

词原形.You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天,一定累了(对

现在情况的推测判断)I didn’t hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听

到电话,我想必是睡着了.

5.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.

A. couldn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D needn’t

【答案】A

【考点定位】考查情态动词

【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,

但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语.情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,

每年单项填空题必考一题.考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等.

6.【2015·天津】

7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.

A. mightn’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. couldn’t

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我来新学校之前本没有必要担心,因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好.needn’t have done本没有必要做某事,表示实际上已经做了某事.根据句意可知选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词.

【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词.分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事,mightn’t也许不;mustn’t不允许;couldn’t不可能.再根据句意可以选出正确答案.

7.【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was

on a business trip in New York then.

A. will be

B. would be

C. have been

D. had been

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼,但那时我在纽约出差.本题考查wish 引导的宾语从句,表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句用had + 过去分词.根据句意可知选D. 【考点定位】考查虚拟语气.

【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气.由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气:1.用wish 表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were).2.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形.3.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词.分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday,可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望.

8.【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!

A .must B. may C. can D. will

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:考查情态动词.根据下文的it costs可知,照相机很昂贵,故选择A,意为:你一定要非常小心对待照相机,它很昂贵.

【考点定位】考查情态动词

【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法.情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析.因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别,然后根据句意选择正确的选项.选项B意为可能;选项C意为能够、有时会;选项D意为会、愿意等.根据句意,是说话人提出的要求,故选择A,表示必须.

9.【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.

A. should

B. need

C. shall

D. may

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的.should应该;need需要;shall将会;may(不确定)可能.所以选D.

【考点定位】考查情态动词

【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱,同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”,may/might表示“不太确定的可能”,should“按道理”应该.弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了.

10.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.

A. dance

B. will dance

C. had danced

D. danced

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员.但愿我能和她跳得一样好.I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,所以选C.

【考点定位】考查虚拟语气

【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况.有一些规则要记忆,如一些固定句型,还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式.I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反用一般过去时,和过去相反用过去完成时,和将来相反用could/would do sth.

11.【2015·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.

—Oh, it's too bad. You ______ have made full preparations.

A.must

B. can

C. would

D. Should

【答案】D.

【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构

【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但它不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语.情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点,每年单项填空题必考一题.考点集中在:情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别,情态动词否定式的用法辨析,“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等.

12.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.

A. did I know

B. have I known

C. do I know

D. had I known 【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦.根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致.if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构.故选D项.虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整.另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句.

【考点定位】虚拟语气

【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词

的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整.另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句.

13.【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.

A. had

B. had had

C. would have

D. would have had

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我们很幸运地订到了房间,否则的话,我们现在就会无处可去了.or引导含蓄虚拟条件句,or后面是主句,相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.,根据“now”可知,是对现在进行虚拟,因此用would+动词原形,故选C. 【考点定位】考查虚拟语气

【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气.比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句,由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”.or引出相反的情况,对过去虚拟,主句用would+have done,但是主句中有“now”,表示与现在相反,因此用would+动词原形.

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 (1)表示现在的能力,用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 (2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 (3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 (1)can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days. (2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表: 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗? would 可能性较will 小不会、不该(较won’t 弱)会,,吗?(较will 弱) should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果) ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗? could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t 同义)有可能吗?(较can 弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能(较may 弱)可能不(较may not 弱) 注意→(1)may,must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 (2)can 常用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句,又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

2018高考英语试题分类汇编单词短语辨析

2018年高考英语试题分类汇编单词短语辨析 1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。 拓展:make an appointment with sb.和某人预约;make an appointment for为……预约。 2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________. A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random 【答案】B 拓展:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。 3.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示;B. acquire获得;C. teach教;D. test测试。故选B。 拓展:本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点,解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。 4.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案

专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29.—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了,我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能,可以,也许;B. can能,会;C. must必须,必然要,必定会;D. dare敢,胆敢.结合句意,故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词,这里考查的是语气的强度,在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思,所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:没有他战时的经验,海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历,可知表示对于过去的否定猜测,故主句

2018年高考英语必背单词分类汇总(实用)

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