英语语法专项：关系代词的用法

关系代词

?1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom

既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）

2、关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that

可指人也可指物，见表：

?例如：

This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。

（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）

★关系代词的用法

1、关系代词的句法功能

1）关系代词在句中作主语

例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics

2）关系代词在句中作宾语

例如：I like music that I can sing along with.

3）关系代词在句中作表语

例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be.

2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语

例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short?

3、关系代词的用法

1）who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom 在定语从句中作宾语。Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而who则不能。

例如：I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party

in the shopping center yesterday.

2）whose的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。

例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics.

3）which的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。

例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.

4）that的用法：指人或物，指人时可与who、whom互换，指物时可与that互换。在从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。

例如：It is a book (that/which) no one really likes.

4、用who不用that的情况

1）先行词是指人的不定代词时

例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered

the competitions.

2）先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时

例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.

3）用在there be结构中。

例如：There is a young man who wants to see you.

4）避免重复或引起歧义。

例如：The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghan.

5）当先行词是I, you, he, they等时（常用语谚语之中）。

例如：He who plays with fire gets burned.

6）先行词如是指成员的集体名词，关系代词也用who。

例如：The family, who live upstairs, are fond of music.

7）先行词如是拟人化名词，关系代词也可用who。

例如：You will see the worker ants,who gather food for themselves and for all the others. 8）先行词指特定的人时，关系代词多用who，不指特定的人时多用that。

例如：The aunt who came to see us last week is my father’s sister.

People that have not been properly trained can’t do this kind of qork.

5、在以下情况中，关系代词用that

1）先行词为all, little, few, none 及some-, any-, no-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。

例如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.

2）先行词前有only, some, any等形容词修饰时，只能用that。

例如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out.

3）先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

4）先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用他和她，

例如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.

6、只能用which不能用that的情形

1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which

例如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.

2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which

例如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.

3）先行词本身就是that时

例如：I don’t like that which he did.

7、介词与关系代词

1）与关系代词搭配的介词的确定

（1）依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。

I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.

（2）依据先行词的某种下滚搭配来确定。

I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.

（3）根据所表达的意思确定。

The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.

（4）在英语中有时为了强调某一名词，关系代词前也加上介词。

Here is the money with which to buy a piano.

2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置

1）关系代词whom，which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了

使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.

2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。

Is this the watch which he is looking for?

3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

The city that she lives in is very far away?

4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。

The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.

3、“名词/数词/代词/介词+关系代词” 结构常见的形式有：名词one/two/some/many/the+最高

级…+of+which/whom。

I have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.

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2021年初中英语语法知识—代词的图文答案

一、选择题 1．Winning or losing is only half the game, __________half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes. A．another B．other C．the other 2．— Is there anything to drink in the fridge? — No, there is _____ left. A．all B．both C．neither D．none 3．Helen has got two brothers. _____ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it. A．Neither B．None C．Each D．Any 4．—When is your father’s birthday? —________ birthday is on April 2nd. A．He B．She C．His D．Him 5．—John, dinner is ready. —I want to eat _________, Mum. I’m not feeling well. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 6．My head teacher knows me better than _______. A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．myself 7．—Ellen, I picked up a white pen under your chair. Is this yours? —Oh, yes. It’s _______. Thank you, Lisa. A．she B．his C．mine D．your 8．A smile costs , but gives much, so always keep smiling! A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 9．Be careful and try to make mistakes next time. You will get a better grade. A．few B．fewer C．little D．less 10．The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that _____ are bigger. A．we B．ours C．our D．us 11．It’s one thing to have a dream, but quite _______ to realize it. A．another B．other C．every D．each 12．—Who will send you to the new school, your mum or your dad? —__________, I’ll go there alone. A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither 13．As for__________students from Grade 9, the biggest __________ is learning how to take care of ourselves as well as improve our grades. A．us , challenge B．Our, chance C．we , choice 14．I have tried several jackets, but _________ of them fits me well. A．both B．neither C．all D．none 15．After chatting happily with the new student in my class, I gave her my QQ number and she gave me . A．she B．hers C．her D．herself

初中英语语法专项代词练习(含答案)

代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 （1）按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I（宾格）________ 2、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 3、us（主格）________ 4、they（宾格）________ 5、she（宾格）________ 6、you（名词性物主代词）________ 7、it（宾格）________ 8、my（复数）________ 9、him（复数）________ 10、he（形容词性物主代词）________ 11、we（单数）________ 12、they（名词性物主代词）________ 13、I（反身代词）________ 14、you（反身代词）________ 15、she（反身代词）________ 16、he（反身代词）________ 17、it（反身代词）________ 18、I（反身代词）________ （2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank（your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）? （3）用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. （4）填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊？是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。 （5）用物指代词填空 1. I own（拥有）that cat; that cat is ____ . 2. You own that cat: that cat is ____ .

小学英语语法代词练习题及答案解析

小学英语语法代词练习题及答案解析 1．I have a big brother. __________name is Paul. A. His B. Her C. He D. Your 2．﹣Are Sandy and Kate___ good friends？ ﹣Yes，they are．Please look after ___． A．your； their B．your； them C．yours； theirs D．you；them 3．——Excuse me. Is this your ruler? ——No, it’s not ______. It’s Lucy’s. A. hers B. his C. mine D. yours 4．“ Is this your schoolbag? ”“ No, it isn’t. It’s________.” A. he B.she C. his D. her 5．--- Is that girl Ann? --- No,_____ isn’t._____ name is Mary. A. it; Her B. he; Her C. she; His D. she; Her 6．Miss Li is ______ English teacher. She likes______ very much. A. our, we B. our, us C. us, our D. us, us 7．— Excuse me, is this Lucy’s book ? — No, this is ____. ____is over there .

小学英语语法：代词的讲解

博爱教育寒假语法：小学英语代词讲解 一. 代词的定义：用来代替名词的词叫代词。 二. 代词的种类： （1）人称代词：用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称、数（单、复 数）上与被指代的名词保持一致。 ★人称代词的基本用法： a. 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。例如：I am a worker. b. 人称代词的宾格在句子中作表语和宾语。例如：---Do you know her? ---Who is there? ---It’s me. （2）物主代词：表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代 词。 ★物主代词的基本用法： a. 形容词性物主代词只能作定语。例如：This is her box. b. 名词性物主代词具有名词性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 例如：This classroom is not ours. It’s theirs. c. 形容词性物主代词位于所修饰的名词之前，根据名词的属性，数的变化而变化，而 不根据名词本身变化。 例如：I have my keys. I have their keys. （3）反身代词：强调的是某人自己。如myself, yourself, himself, itself 等。 （4）指示代词：表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示人或事物的代词就是指示代词。指示代词分为单数和复数两种。主要有this ，that ，these ，those 。 ★指示代词的用法： 指示代词在意义上有远近的差别。this/these指代近处的物体，that/those指代远处的物体。 例如：This is a car. That is a ship. （5）疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what，where等用于句首，引出特殊疑问句的代词。 （6）不定代词：不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。如some, any, all, both, every, much, many 等。 ★不定代词的用法： some和any的用法：两者都有“一些”的意思，some用于可定句中，any用于否定句 和疑问句中。但在表示请求，征求建议，邀请等意愿的疑问句中，当提问者希望对 方做出肯定的回答时，用some。 例如：We can speak some French. There isn’t any food in the fridge. （7）相互代词：只有each other 和one another两个，都表示“相互”的意思， 但两者有一定的区别。each other 表示两者之间的相互，one another 表示三者或三者以上的相互。

高中英语语法代词及练习

第三讲代词 代词主要分为以下几类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词，指示代词, 疑问代词, 不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。 1、人称代词 (1)在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则： 在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。宾格me也一样。 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. (3)she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。 The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she? (4) it 指代baby Look at that baby. It's lovely. (5)It 作形式主语 It is wrong to build a chemical factory here. 2.物主代词 （1）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。do sth. on one's own= do sth by oneself （2）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。 如：take sb. by the arm 3.反身代词 （1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood adapt oneself to seat oneself devote oneself to sth 4.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, ） (1)为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. （2）such和same的用法。 (i). such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语。 Such was the story. Such was Einstein, a simple man of great achievement. (ii) such 修饰名词，做定语 I didn't expect to meet such great trouble in the work. 这家店出售手套，帽子和运动鞋之类的东西。______________________. We have never seen such a tall building..=so tall a building 5、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose） (1)疑问代词与介词的连用 To whom did he give the message? 你为谁买的蓝西装？________________________ 6、不定代词 （1）some与any （都有代词的名词和形容词用法）,anyone, anybody i)一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。 He has some Chinese paintings. Do you have any questions to ask?

初中英语语法：it用作人称代词的用法

初中英语语法：it用作人称代词的用法 it用作人称代词的用法 1. 用于指事物 it用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以 避免重复： This is my watch, it’s a Swiss one. 这是我的手表，它是瑞 士制的。 I cannot find my watch; I must have lost it. 我找不到手表，我一定把它给丢了。 2. 用于指动物或婴儿 除用于指代事物外，还可指动物或性别不详的婴儿： “Where is the cat?” “It’s under the bed.” “ 猫在哪儿?”“在床下。” They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子， 很可爱。 3. 用于上文提到的情况 He smokes in bed and I don’t like it. 他在床上抽烟，我不 喜欢他这样。 Her mother kept telling her not to go out at night, but it didn’t hel p. 她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。 4. 用于指人 it用于指人主要用确定未知人的身份： “Who is it?” “It’s me.” “是谁啊?”“是我。”

“Listen. Someone is crying.” “Oh, it must be Mary.” “听，有人在哭。”“噢，一定是玛丽。” Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人来过，但我们不知道是谁。 5. 指人时与he和she的区别 当it用于指人时，主要用于确定未知的或者是身份不明的人，若 是指已知的或身份明确的人，则应根据情况使用he或she。比较： I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postman. 我听 见有人在敲门，一定是邮递员来了。 Jim is at the door. He wants to see you. 吉姆在门口，他想 见你。 A tall man stood up and shook hands with her. It was the general manager. 一个高个子站起来同她握了手，他是总经理。 The general manager just called. He told us to wait for him at the gate. 总经理刚来过电话，他叫我们在门口等他。 6. 指物时与one的区别 两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：it指的是与前面已提到 的事物为同一物，此时的it等于“the (this, that, my...)+名词”;而one 指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类物，此时的one等于“a+ 名词”。比较： I have a dictionary but I’ve lent it to Mary. 我有一本词典，但把它借给玛丽了。 I haven’t a dictionary; can you lend me one? 我没有词典，你能借我一本吗?