了不起的盖茨比第三章中英翻译The Great Gatsby Chapter 3

Chapter 3

THERE was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor?boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week?ends his Rolls?Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing?brushes and hammers and garden?shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.

Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulp less halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler's thumb.

At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors?d'oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.

总是有悠扬的音乐在夏夜的晚上从我隔壁传出。在他蔚蓝的花园中，如飞蛾般蜂拥来往的男孩女孩在觥筹交错间穿梭。在下午人流涌动的高峰期，我甚至目睹过他的宾客从他的木筏塔上跳入水中潜水，或是躺在他的沙滩的热沙上晒太阳，马达船在水上隆隆作响，拖着滑水板激起阵阵浪花。当一周要结束时，他的劳斯莱斯就变成了一辆公共汽车，从早上九点到深更半夜，承载接送着城市中四面八方而来欢庆的人，同时他的旅行车也像一只轻捷的黄硬壳虫那样去火车站接所有的班车。每个星期一，八个仆人，包括一个临时园丁，用许多拖把、板刷、榔头、修技剪辛苦劳作一整天来收拾前一晚的残局。

每逢周五，就会有五箱新鲜的橙子和柠檬从纽约的水果商那运往他的城堡，然后周一就会有堆成小山般的果皮从后门运出。在他家的后厨，有一台榨汁机，只要男管家不停用大拇指按两百多下，可以在半小时内榨好两百多个橙子。

每两周至会有一个晚上，成批负责举办酒席的人带着几百英尺帆布和足够多的彩灯将盖茨比巨大的花园装扮得像一颗华丽的圣诞树。餐会的桌子上，摆满了各式各样迷人的小菜，可口的火腿周围环绕着五颜六色的沙拉，烹制金黄酥脆的火鸡和乳猪。在主会厅中，摆设有一个装置着黄铜横杆的酒吧，里面储藏着杜松子和烈性酒，还有各种年代久远的甘露酒，很多年轻的女宾客都无法将它们分辨清楚。

By seven o'clock the orchestra has arrived, no thin five?piece affair, but a whole pitiful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos, and low and high drums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now and are dressing up?stairs; the cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors, and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile.

The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside, until the air is alive with chatter and laughter, and casual innuendo and introductions forgotten on the spot, and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other's names.

The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun, and now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music, and the opera of voices pitches a key higher. Laughter is easier minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out at a cheerful word. The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the same breath; already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more stable, become for a sharp, joyous moment the centre of a group, and then, excited with triumph, glide on through the sea?change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing lights.

七点钟的时候管乐队到达，并不是五人组的小乐队，而是齐备双簧管，长号，萨克斯管，低音提琴，短号，短笛和高低鼓的正规乐队。最后一波游泳的人走出沙滩正在楼上换衣服，远从纽约来的汽车五辆车一排停靠在道路上。大厅，会客厅和门廊阳台华丽缤纷，女客们展示着新潮的发型，身上的披肩式卡斯蒂利亚人做梦也想不到的美丽。

酒吧里生意兴隆，鸡尾酒的味道漫遍花园的角落，空气中布满欢声笑语，人们互相随意寒暄，相互介绍但转身就忘，完全不相识的女人们热情地聊着天。

当太阳颠簸蹒跚着离开地球时，灯光便更加耀眼夺目。而此刻的乐队正在演奏金黄色鸡尾酒音乐，合唱的声音也似乎更高了。欢声笑语充满整个会堂，毫无节制地宣泄挥霍着，甚至一两个简单的字眼都能引起大家的哄堂大笑。人群变化越来越快，随着新客人的到来，人群分开又在转瞬间组合。已经有一些人开始四处闲逛，自信的姑娘在一群固定的人中逛来逛去，一会儿在片刻的欢腾中成为一群人注意的中心，一会儿又得意洋洋在不断变化的灯光下穿过变幻不定的面孔、声音和色彩扬长而去。

Suddenly one of the gypsies, in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of the air, dumps it down for courage and, moving her hands like Frisco, dances out alone on the canvas platform. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her, and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray's understudy from the "Follies." The party has begun.

I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby's house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited they went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island, and somehow they ended up at Gatsby's door. Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission.

I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform of robin's?egg blue crossed my lawn early that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer: the honor would be entirely Gatsby's, it said, if I would attend his "little party." that night. He had seen me several times, and had intended to call on me long before, but a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented itsigned Jay Gatsby, in a majestic hand.

忽然间，这些吉卜赛人式的姑娘中有一个，满身珠光宝气，一伸手就抓来一杯鸡尾酒，猛然喝下去似乎要壮壮胆，然后手舞足蹈，一个人跳到篷布舞池中间去表演。在寂静了一刻后，乐队指挥殷勤地为她改变了拍子，随后突然响起了一阵叽叽喳喳的说话声，因为有谣言传开，说她是速演剧团的Gilda Gray的替角。晚会正式开始了。

我相信我那晚第一次去盖茨比的家中时，我是为数不多的真正接到邀请的嘉宾。大部分人都是不请自来的。他们坐上汽车被送到长岛，然后车子因为各种原因停留在了盖茨比的门口。他们经人介绍知道盖茨比的存在，然后接下来就根据规矩很得心应手地参与进宴会，如出入娱乐场所一样。很多时候他们压根没有见到过盖茨比本人，怀着一颗赤诚之心来宴会就已经称得上是一张合格的入场券了。

我是真正得到邀请的。周六早上一个身着罗宾鸟蓝制服的司机路过我的草坪，带着一封他主人所写的非常正式客气令人惊讶的请柬，上面写道：如蒙我光临当晚他的“小小聚会”，盖茨比当感到不胜荣幸。他已经看到我几次，并且早就打算造访，但由于种种特殊原因未能如愿——杰伊·盖茨比签名，笔迹很神气。

Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven, and wandered around rather ill at ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn't know though here and there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train. I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry, and all talking in low, earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling something: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were at least agonizingly aware of the easy money in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.

As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host, but the two or three people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way, and denied so vehemently any knowledge of his movements, that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table the only place in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone.

I was on my way to get roaring drunk from sheer embarrassment when Jordan Baker came out of the house and stood at the head of the marble steps, leaning a little backward and looking with contemptuous interest down into the garden. Welcome or not, I found it necessary to attach myself to someone before I should begin to address cordial remarks to the passers?by.

晚上七点一过，我身穿白色法兰绒衣服走到他的草坪处，我在一群我不认识的人中闲逛，感觉有些不适，虽然有时候能碰到一两个在区间火车上有一面之缘的人。我突然注意到有一些年轻的英国人走动在人群中，他们穿着得体，但是看上去都面露饥色，都在低声下气地跟一些殷实有资本的美国人谈话。我敢肯定他们都在推销什么——或是债券。或是保险，或是汽车。他们最起码都揪心地意识到，近在眼前就有唾手可得的钱，并且相信，只要几句话说得投机，钱就到手了。

我一到之后就设法去找主人，可是问了两三个人他在哪里，他们都大为惊异地瞪着我，同时矢口否认知道他的行踪，我只好悄悄地向供应鸡尾酒的桌子溜过去——整个花园里只有这个地方，一个单身汉可以留连一下而不显得无聊和孤独。

我一个人百无聊赖，正准备多饮几杯酒来掩饰尴尬时，乔丹贝克从屋子里走了出来，她站在台阶最上方，身子微微向后倾，饶有兴趣又有点轻蔑地俯瞰着整个花园。不管她是否欢迎，我觉得实在有必要依附一个人了，不然我也要开始跟过路人寒暄了。

"Hello!" I roared, advancing toward her. My voice seemed unnaturally loud across the garden.

"I thought you might be here," she responded absently as I came up." I remembered you lived next door to_?."

She held my hand impersonally, as a promise that she'd take care of me in a minute, and gave ear to two girls in twin yellow dresses, who stopped at the foot of the steps.

"Hello!" they cried together.

"Sorry you didn't win." That was for the golf tournament. She had lost in the finals the week before.

"You don't know who we are," said one of the girls in yellow, "but we met you here about a month ago."

"You've dyed your hair since then," remarked Jordan, and I started, but the girls had moved casually on and her remark was addressed to the premature moon, produced like the supper, no doubt, out of a caterer's basket. With Jordan's slender golden arm resting in mine, we descended the steps and sauntered about the garden. A tray of cocktails floated at us through the twilight, and we sat down at a table with the two girls in yellow and three men, each one introduced to us as Mr. Mumble.

"Do you come to these parties often?" inquired Jordan of the girl beside her. "The last one was the one I met you at," answered the girl, in an alert confident voice. She turned to her companion: "Wasn't it for you, Lucille?" It was for Lucille, too.

"I like to come," Lucille said "I never care what I do, so I always have a good time. When I was here last I tore my gown on a chair, and he asked me my name and address inside of a week I got a package from Croirier's with a new evening gown in it."

“你好！”我大声喊道，向她走去。我的声音在花园中似乎有些不自然。

“我有猜到你可能在这。”她漫不经心地回答道，“我记得你好像住在隔壁。”

她心不在焉地拉起我的手，似乎是承诺会照顾我，同时又在听台阶下穿黄色裙子的双胞胎姐妹讲话。

“你好！”她们同时高声打招呼。

“为你的失利感到抱歉。”这是在说高尔夫比赛，她在上周的决赛中输掉了比赛。

“你可能不知道我们是谁。”其中一个黄裙子姑娘说，“但上个月我们在这里见过你。”

“后来你们烫了头发了。”乔丹说道。我很惊讶但是两个姑娘已经漫不经心地走开了，好像她这句话是对永恒的月亮说的似的。月亮和晚餐的酒菜一样，

无疑也是从包办酒席的人的篮子里拿出来的。乔丹用她那纤细的、金黄色的手臂挽着我的手臂，我们走下了台阶，在花园里闲逛。一盘鸡尾酒在暮色苍茫中飘到我们面前，我们就在一张桌子旁坐下，同座的还有那两个穿黄衣的姑娘和三个男的，介绍给我们的时候名字全含含糊糊一带而过。

“你经常来这个派对么？”乔丹问身边的女孩。“我上次来就是见你的那次。”姑娘自信机灵地回答道。她又转向她的同伴问：“你不是这样么？露西儿。”

“我喜欢来这里。”露西儿说道，“我不在乎我在做什么，只要享受这时光觉得开心就好了。上次我来这里，我的衣服在椅子上撕破了，他就问了我的姓名住址——不出一个星期我收到克罗里公司送来一个包裹，里面是一件新的晚礼服。”

"Did you keep it?" asked Jordan.

"Sure I did. I was going to wear it

to?night, but it was too big in the bust and had to be altered. It was gas blue with lavender beads. Two hundred and sixty-five dollars."

"There's something funny about a fellow that'll do a thing like that," said the other girl eagerly." He doesn't want any trouble with anybody."

"Who doesn't?" I inquired.

"Gatsby. Somebody told me." The two girls and Jordan leaned together confidentially. "Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once." A thrill passed over all of us. The three Mr. Mumbles bent forward and listened eagerly. "I don't think it's so much that," argued Lucille skeptically; "it's more that he was a German spy during the war." One of the men nodded in confirmation.

"I heard that from a man who knew all about him, grew up with him in Germany," he assured us positively.

"Oh, no," said the first girl, "it couldn't be that, because he was in the American army during the war." As our credulity switched back to her she leaned forward with enthusiasm.

"You look at him sometimes when he thinks nobody's looking at him. I'll bet he killed a man." She narrowed her eyes and shivered. Lucille shivered.

We all turned and looked around for Gatsby. It was testimony to the romantic speculation he inspired that there were whispers about him from those who found little that it was necessary to whisper about in this world.

“你接受了么？”乔丹问道。

“当然。我本来今晚想穿的。可惜它的领口太大了非改不行。衣服是淡蓝色的，镶嵌着紫色的珠子。二百六十五美元。”

“这样做真的有点好笑了。”另外一个姑娘热切地说道，“他不愿意得罪任何人。”

“谁？”我问道。

“盖茨比。其他人告诉我的。”两个姑娘和乔丹把头神秘兮兮地靠在一起，“有人说他杀过人。”我们都感到十分震惊。另外三位先生也把头凑过来急切地想要了解情况。

“我不这样认为。”露西儿不以为然地说道，“多半是因为他在战争中在德国当过间谍。”另一个男士也点头表示肯定。

“我也听过一个人这样说，这人对他一清二楚，是从小和他一起在德国长大的。”他肯定地告诉我们。

“噢，不对，”第一个姑娘又说，“不可能是那样，因为大战期间他是在美国军队里。”由于我们又倾向于听信她的话，她又兴致勃勃地把头伸到侧面。“你只要趁他以为没有人看他的时候看他一眼。我敢打赌他杀过一个人。”她眯起眼睛，哆嗦了起来。露西尔也在哆嗦。

我们大家掉转身来，四面张望去找盖茨比。有些人早就认为这个世界上没有什么需要避讳的事情，现在谈起他来却这样窃窃私语，这一点也足以证明他引起了人们何等浪漫的遐想了。

The first supper there would be another one after midnight was now being served, and Jordan invited me to join her own party, who were spread around a table on the other side of the garden.

There were three married couples and Jordan's escort, a persistent undergraduate given to violent innuendo, and obviously under the impression that sooner or later Jordan was going to yield him up her person to a greater or lesser degree. Instead of rambling, this party had preserved a dignified homogeneity, and assumed to itself the function of representing the staid nobility of the country?side east Egg condescending to West Egg, and carefully on guard against its spectroscopic gayety.

"Let's get out," whispered Jordan, after a somehow wasteful and inappropriate half?hour."This is much too polite for me." We got up, and she explained that we were going to find the host: I had never met him, she said, and it was making me uneasy. The undergraduate nodded in a cynical, melancholy way.

The bar, where we glanced first, was crowded, but Gatsby was not there. She couldn't find him from the top of the steps, and he wasn't on the veranda. On a chance we tried an important?looking door, and walked into a high Gothic library, paneled with carved English oak, and probably transported complete from some ruin overseas.

A stout, middle?aged man, with enormous owl?eyed spectacles, was sitting somewhat drunk on the edge of a great table, staring with unsteady concentration at the shelves of books. As we entered he wheeled excitedly around and examined Jordan from head to foot.

第一顿晚饭即将开始了，午夜之后还会有一顿。乔丹要请我去花园里另一边一张桌子上和她的同伴一起。

桌上有三对已婚夫妇，和一个陪同乔丹来的未毕业的大学生。这个人说话总是含沙射影，旁敲侧击的，而且好像总是很自信地认为乔丹或早或晚总会委身于他。这伙人并不到处走动，而是正襟危坐，自成一体，并且俨然自封为庄重的贵族的代表——东卵屈尊光临西卵，而又小心翼翼提防它那灯红酒绿的欢乐。

“我们走吧。”在莫名其妙浪费了一个半小时后，乔丹小声说道，“这对我来说太斯文了。”我们起身，她解释说我们要去找主人。她说她还没有见过主人，这让她感觉有些不安。那个大学生闷闷不乐地点了点头，似乎有点怀疑。

那个我们第一眼就瞥到的酒吧里人潮涌动，但是盖茨比并不在里面。在台阶上和阳台上也没有找到他的影子。偶然地，我们推开了一扇看上去很重要的门，走进去是一间高高的哥特式建筑的图书室，四周墙壁上覆盖着英国橡木，看上去似乎是从海外完整搬运过来的。

一个身材结实，带着巨大的猫头鹰式眼镜的中年男人，正坐在一张大桌子的一边，有一些醉意。他目不转睛地盯着书架上的书，当我们一走近，他就兴奋地转过头来并且从头到脚把乔丹打量了一遍。

"What do you think?" he demanded impetuously.

"About what?"

He waved his hand toward the book?shelves."About that. As a matter of fact you needn't bother to ascertain. I ascertained. They're real."

"The books?"

He nodded. "Absolutely real have pages and everything. I thought they'd be a nice durable cardboard. Matter of fact, they're absolutely real. Pages and Here! Lemme show you." Taking our skepticism for granted, he rushed to the bookcases and returned with Volume One of the "Stoddard Lectures."

"See!" he cried triumphantly. "It's a bona?fide piece of printed matter. It fooled me. This fella's a regular Belasco. It's a triumph. What thoroughness! What realism! Knew when to stop, too didn't cut the pages. But what do you want? What do you expect?" He snatched the book from me and replaced it hastily on its shelf, muttering that if one brick was removed the whole library was liable to collapse.

"Who brought you?" he demanded." Or did you just come? I was brought. Most people were brought."

Jordan looked at him alertly, cheerfully, without answering.

"I was brought by a woman named Roosevelt," he continued. "Mrs. Claud Roosevelt. Do you know her? I met her somewhere last night. I've been drunk for about a week now, and I thought it might sober me up to sit in a library."

"Has it?" "A little bit, I think. I can't tell yet. I've only been here an hour. Did I tell you about the books? They're real. They're."

"You told us." We shook hands with him gravely and went back outdoors.

“你觉得怎么样？”他急躁地问道。

“关于什么？”

他把手向书架一扬：“关于这些书。事实上你不必仔细看，我都确认过了，它们都是真的。”

“这些书？”

他点点头，“一页页还有所有地方，都绝对是真的。我本来以为它们只是好看的空壳子。没想到它们居然都是真的。让我来给你看看。”他以为我们不相信，急匆匆地跑过去书架上，拿了《斯托达德演说集》中的一卷。

“看！”他洋洋得意地说道，“这是一本真正的印刷品。它简直要把我骗住了。这家伙简直是个贝拉斯科。真是巧夺天工。多么一丝不苟！多么逼真！而且并没裁开纸页。你还要怎样？你还指望什么？”他把书从我手上夺走，赶忙放回了原来的位置，似乎在低声嘟哝说即使一块砖被移动，也可能使整个图书馆坍塌。

“谁带你们来的？”他问道，“还是你们不请自来了。我是有人带来的，大部分宾客都是被邀请来的。”

乔丹饶有兴趣地看着他，没有回答。

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“你告诉过我们了。”我们郑重地跟他握了握手，然后到了外面去。

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解读《了不起的盖茨比》中的女性形象 朱碧荣201314703004 ［摘要］作为爵士时代的代言人，菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》被公认为美国文学史上的经典之作，菲茨杰拉德在作品中描写了一个来自社会底层的青年人盖茨比的人生奋斗历程，同时作品也反映出在物质丰富和精神喧嚣的年代，在父权文化的压制下女性的生存空间依然狭窄，随着女权运动的兴起，在很多妇女恪守传统的同时新女性不断涌现它展现了一幅轻浮放浪、玩世不恭的女性群像。本文尝试从女性主义视角来分析解读《了不起的盖茨比》中的女性人物，并得出女性的自私、空虚、金钱至上等悲剧性格的根源在于物质至上主义的制度及作者的男权主义、厌女症和对新女性出现的恐惧。有助于女性反思自己的生存现状，追求经济和思想的独立，这也是小说了不起的盖茨比的现实意义所在。 ［关键词］父权文化; 女权运动; 新女性; 独立 《了不起的盖茨比》在美国最优秀的100 部小说中排名第二，而小说的作者也被誉为桂冠诗人的称号在小说中，作者以主人公盖茨比的人生奋斗历程为线索，描写了其爱情梦和财富梦的破灭，反映了美国梦的虚幻性。《了不起的盖茨比》在今天仍然具有非常重要的现实意义，在物质高度发达的美国社会，人们的精神迷失和道德崩溃是人物悲剧命运的根源，在小说中作者还塑造了很多自私虚荣追求物质享乐的寄生虫样的女性形象，她们的命运也以悲剧收场，同时作者还塑造了一个具有独立精神的新女性乔丹·贝克，在作品中，乔丹与其他的女性形象形成鲜明对比因此本文将通过对作品中的女性形象分析，来说明父权文化下传统女性的悲剧命运，以及在这种压制下，新女性正逐渐崛起从女性主义解读这部小说将有助于妇女反抗父权文化的压迫，勇敢地面对生活的挑战，从而找到属于自己的幸福。 一父权文化下女性的悲惨命运 父权文化在人类社会中具有很长的历史，《圣经》可以说是这种两性关系失衡的根源众所周知，在《圣经》中夏娃是上帝用亚当的一根肋骨制成，这为男女关系的失衡奠定了基础。从此，男人在男女关系中拥有至高无上的地位，男人作为支配者决定了女人的命运和人生价值，而女人只是男人的附属品。《了不起的盖茨比》创作于20 世纪20 年代，这一时期的美国经历了一段经济的快速发展时期，人们的物质生活富足安逸但是女性的社会地位依然低下，她们仍然保持着传统父权社会中的男女两性的关系特征，整个社会对女性的歧视和压迫仍非常普遍。［1］从《了不起的盖茨比》中我们可以非常容易解读出父权文化对女性的压迫。 小说中的女主人公黛西出身于上流社会，她美丽单纯，在众多的追求者中选择了青年军官盖茨比。黛西厌恶上流社会的虚荣、欺骗和无情，她本以为善良诚实的盖茨比是她将来人生的依靠。可是事实上，盖茨比向黛西隐瞒了他的社会底层的出身，单纯的黛西不过是他跻身于上流社会的最好的捷径。当黛西与盖茨比谈婚论嫁时，盖茨比却因军队的调遣远赴国外。伤心的黛西在心灰意冷的情况下，被家人安排要嫁给上流社会的富家子弟汤姆，而盖茨比根本无力实现他答应给予黛西幸福的承诺，在婚礼当天还给黛西写了一封祝贺信。而此时的黛西还在伤心欲绝地等待着盖茨比。黛西虽然出身高贵，衣食无忧，但是在一个父权制社会中，她却无力选择自己的幸福，而黛西婚后的生活更加显示了父权文化对女性的压迫。 黛西在嫁给汤姆之后，不久就发现她的丈夫对婚姻不忠汤姆与酒店的服务员有染的事

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，摘录书中比较经典的句子：菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》Chapter 1 每当你觉得想要批评什么人的时候，你切要记着，这个世界上的人并非都具备你禀有的1. 条件。Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had. 人们的善恶感一生下来就有差异。2.A sense of the fundamental decencies is parceled out unequally at birth. 不过超过一定的限度，有的好像建筑在泥沼里，3.人们的品行有的好像建筑在坚硬的岩石上，我就不在乎它建在什么之上了。Conduct may be founded on the hard rock or the wet marshes, but after a certain point I don't care what it's founded on.Chapter 2 一定让街头偶尔我们这排高高地俯瞰着城市的灯火通明的窗户，这时，天色已经暗了下来，举头望我也是这样的一个过路人，抬头眺望的人感到了，人类的秘密也有其一份在这里吧，同时又被其排斥着诧异着。我既在事内又在事外，几杯永无枯竭的五彩纷呈的生活所吸引，着。Yet high over the city our line of yellow windows must have contributed their share of human and looking up and I was him too, streets, secrecy to the casual watcher in the darkening the by enchanted without, simultaneously and repelled wondering. I was within and inexhaustible variety of life. Chapter 3 他理解体谅地笑了——这笑比理解和体谅有更多的含义。这是那种不多见的使你忐忑不1. 先是再一刹安的情绪能很快地平静下来的笑，这种笑容人的一生中顶多能碰上四五次。它那间面对——或者说似乎在面对——整个外部世界，然后他就全副心神地倾注到你的身上，人理解的那么多，它对你的对你充满一种不可抵御的偏爱之情。它对你的理解恰是你想被它叫你确信它对你的印象恰是你所希望造信任恰像你平时愿意对自己所信任到的那种程度，成的那么多。smiles rare those understandingly. It was one of much He smiled understandingly—more than with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, which you may come across four or five times in life. It the whole external world for an instant, and then concentrated on —faced—or seemed to faceyou with an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just so far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself, and assured you that it had precisely the impression of you that, at your best, you hoped to convey. 每个人都认为他自己至少具有一种主要的美德，我的美德是：我是我所结识过的少有的几2. 个诚实人中间的一个。Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people I have ever known. Chapter 4 世界上只有被追求者和追求者，忙碌者和疲惫者。 There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy and the tired. Chapter 5 他怀着一种创造性的情感将自己全身心地投入到它的中间，不断地为它增添内容，用飘浮到他路上的每一根漂亮羽毛去装扮它。有谁知道在一个人的波诡云谲的心里，能蓄下多少火一1 / 3 样的激情和新鲜的念头。 He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion, adding to it all the time, decking it out with every bright feather that drifted his way. No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart.

了不起的盖茨比chapter3

III. F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (Ware: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1993), pp.26-39. A.Representative Passages 1. “It faced-or seemed to face-the whole eternal world for an instant,and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favour.It understood you just as far as you wanted to be understood,believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself,and assured you that it had precisely the impression of you that,at your best,you hope to convey.”(32) 2. “It made on difference to me.Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply”(38) “Everyone suspects himself of a least one of the cardinal virtues,and this is mine:I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known”(39) 3 “I began to like New York, the racy,adventurous feel of it at night,and the satisfaction that the constant flicker of men and women and machines gives to the restless eye.”(37) B. Setting 1. Time:a summer night 2. Location:Nick’s neighbour’s house(Gatsby’s house) C. Main characters 1. Mr Gatsby a. appearance: “His tanned skin was drawn attractively tight on his face and his short hair looked as though it were trimmed every day.”(33) b. characteristic: “politely”(31) 2.Jordan Baker a. characteristic:“She was incurably dishonest”;“unable to endure being at a disadvantage”;“cool,insolent”(38) 3. A man in a high Gothic library:“a stout,middle-aged man,which enormous owl-eyed spectacles”;“somewhat drunk”(30) D. Episodes 1. Nick was invited by Gatsby to join in a party in his house. 2. Many people talked and drank there. 3. Sometime later,he party began and Nick met Jordan Baker and her friend Lucile 4. They decided to find Mr Gatsby and found a man in a high Gothic library. 5. Nick met Mr Gatsby at a table and He wanted to talk with Jordan Baker alone. 6. After one hour ,Nick went home and there was a car accident near Gatsby’s house. 7. I recalled the days and met Jordan Baker on the street.She was incurably dishonest E. Imagery 1. Car:“all the cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive”(26-27)without the cars,the paries were not holden.wealthy and power 2. Blue gardens:“in his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whispering and the champagnes and the stars.”(26)creates atmosphere of illusion and unreality. 3. a girl’s tear when she sang the song:“for when they came into contact with her heavily beaded eyelashes they assumed an inky colour,and pursued the rest of their Way in slow black rivulets.(34) 4.“yellow cocktail music”(27):noisy,boring,tasteless,shallow.

胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表-(1)(DOC)

胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表 1. 语言的普遍特征： 任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西 文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能： 传达信息功能informative 人济功能：interpersonal 行事功能：Performative 表情功能：Emotive 寒暄功能：Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics 语用学pragmatics 4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative

the_great_gatsby(了不起的盖茨比)_英文介绍及赏析

The Great Gatsby F.Scott.Fitzgerald . Character List Daisy Buchanan - Nick’s cousin, and the woman Gatsby loves. As a young woman in Louisville before the war, Daisy was courted by a number of officers, including Gatsby. She fell in love with Gatsby and promised to wait for him. However, Daisy harbors a deep need to be loved, and when a wealthy, powerful young man named Tom Buchanan asked her to marry him, Daisy decided not to wait for Gatsby after all. Now a beautiful socialite, Daisy lives with Tom across from Gatsby in the fashionable East Egg district of Long Island. She is sardonic and somewhat cynical, and behaves superficially to mask her pain at her husband’s constant infidelity. Daisy Buchanan (In-Depth Analysis) Tom Buchanan - Daisy’s immensely wealthy husband, once a member of Nick’s social club at Yale. Powerfully built and hailing from a socially solid old family, Tom is an arrogant, hypocritical bully. His social attitudes are laced with racism and sexism, and he never even considers trying to live up to the moral standard he demands from those around him. He has no moral qualms about his own extramarital affair with Myrtle, but when he begins to suspect Daisy and Gatsby of having an affair, he becomes outraged and forces a confrontation. Jordan Baker - Daisy’s friend, a woman with whom Nick becomes romantically involved during the course of the novel. A competitive golfer, Jordan represents one of the “new women” of the 1920s—cynical, boyish, and self-centered. Jordan is beautiful, but also dishonest: she cheated in order to win her first golf tournament and continually bends the truth. Myrtle Wilson - Tom’s lover, whose lifeless husband George owns a run-down garage in the valley of ashes. Myrtle herself possesses a fierce vitality and desperately looks for a way to improve her situation. Unfortunately for her, she chooses Tom, who treats her as a mere object of his desire. Analysis of Major Characters Daisy Buchanan Partially based on Fitzgerald’s wife, Zelda, Daisy is a beautiful young woman from Louisville, Kentucky. She is Nick’s cousin and the object of Gatsby’s love. As a young debutante in Louisville, Daisy was extremely popular among the military officers stationed near her home, including Jay Gatsby. Gatsby lied about his background to Daisy, claiming to be from a wealthy family in order to convince her that he was worthy of her. Eventually, Gatsby won Daisy’s heart, and they made love before Gatsby left to fight in the war. Daisy promised to wait for Gatsby, but in 1919 she chose instead to marry Tom Buchanan, a young man from a solid, aristocratic family who could promise her a wealthy lifestyle and who had the support of her parents. After 1919, Gatsby dedicated himself to winning Daisy back, making her the single goal of all of his dreams and the main motivation behind his acquisition of immense wealth through criminal activity. To Gatsby, Daisy represents the paragon of perfection—she has the aura of charm, wealth, sophistication, grace, and aristocracy that he longed for as a child in North Dakota and that first attracted him to her. In reality, however, Daisy falls far short of Gatsby’s ideals. She is beautiful and charming, but also fickle, shallow, bored, and sardonic. Nick characterizes her as a careless person who smashes things up and then retreats behind her money. Daisy proves her real nature when she chooses Tom over Gatsby in Chapter VII, then allows Gatsby to take the blame for killing Myrtle Wilson even though she herself was driving