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常用介词短语总结

常用介词短语总结
常用介词短语总结

常用介词短语总结

一、近义介词短语辨析

1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语)

1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)

2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素

3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿)

4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。

5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。例句:

He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。

She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。

Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。

Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。

2. 表示排除

1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式

2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句:

They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。

We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。

Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。

3.表示"有关,关于"

4.1) 表示"关于"的介词:concerning(较为正式),respecting(关于,至于),regarding(关于,就……而论,在……方面)等

5.He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house. 他因房子问题和邻居发生了争吵。

6.I’m at a loss respecting his whereabouts. 我全然不知道他的踪迹。

7.Regarding the punishment, what would you advise

8.就这种处罚来说,你有什么意见

9.2)表示"关于"的介词短语:with respect to(关于,就……而言);in respect of(就……而论,在……方面);in / with regard to, in / with reference to, in connection with也都表示"(正式用语)关于,有关";as for和as to在用于句首表示"至于"时区别不大,可

以互相通用,但as to表示"关于"时不能和as for互换,相当于about 和concerning。

4. 表示"在……之前"

1) ahead of意为in advance of,可表示"(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早";还可表示"领先,优于"

2) in front of 多指空间的前后关系,"在……正前方"

3) prior to(正式用语)指时间与重要性方面"在……之前"

4) previous to指时间与顺序上在……前

5) preparatory to意为in readiness for, as a preparation for, 为做准备而在……之前

6) on the eve of "在……前夕",如:on the eve of our examination / victory 在我们考试/胜利的前夕例句:

5. 表示"支持,赞成"

1) in support of 维护,支持,支援

Mr. Smith spoke in support of the motion. 史密斯先生发言支持这项提议。

2) in favor of 可指某人"支持,赞成",也可指事物"有利于……" Are you in favor of the proposal 你赞成此建议吗The exchange rate is in our favor.

兑换率有利于我们。

6. 表示"鉴于,由于;根据,按照"

1)in the light of 按照,考虑到

He rewrote the book in the light of further research. 考虑到进一步的研究,他重写了那部书。

2)in terms of 就……而言,谈到

The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言,这是份好工作。但它也有不足之处。3)on the grounds of; on ... grounds 以……为理由/根据

Their request for a permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds. 基于对环境问题的考虑,他们开矿的请求没有被许可。

4)in accordance with 与……一致,书面语

5)according to 根据;按照 A diplomat must act according to

circumstances. 外交官必须会随机应变。

(二)形近义异介词短语辨析

1. ①all but 几乎,差一点(almost);除了……都(all except)

②anythi ng but单单除……之外;根本不……

③nothing but 仅仅,只不过(only, no more than)

I all but stumbled. 我差一点摔跤。

I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡萝卜。He is anything but clever. 他根本不聪明。

The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不过是个傻瓜而已。

2. ①at a time 每次,一次

②at one time曾经,一度(once);

同时(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time. 他过去常常把工作一丢就是好几个月。

At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾担任董事会主席。

He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同时担任董事会主席和公司总裁。

3. ①at no time决不,从不(never; on no occasion)

②in no time立即,马上(in a very brief time)

At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我从没觉得他们不讲理。

We’ll be there in no time.我们很快就会到那儿。

4. ①for the moment暂时(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later)

②at the moment此刻,现在(at present time; now)

③in a moment很快,一会儿(very soon)

For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我们甘心在一旁观察和等待。(暗含以后不甘于这样的意味)

I’m busy at the moment, but I’ll do it late r. 这会儿我很忙,过后我会处理这件事的。

I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment. 我正打电话,一会儿就到你那儿去。

5. ①at present目前,现在(at the present time or moment; now)

②for the present暂时,暂且(temporarily);就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在着,但很可能会发生变化)

We don’t know at present who will win the election.现在我们还不知道谁将在选举中获胜。

For the present she continues with the antibiotics. 目前她还是继续使用抗生素。

6. ①out of question毫无疑问(without doubt; doubtless),作表语

②out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible;

not to be done),也作表语

③without question毫无疑问,毫无疑义(without arguing or asking why it is necessary),作状语

The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts. 那次阴谋破坏无疑对国际和平努力又是一个新的打击。

She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。

Without question he is the brightest student in the school. 毫无疑问,他是全校最聪明的学生。

7. ①for oneself为自己

②to oneself 归于自己

③of oneself 由自己构成,出于自动

④in oneself在自身境界中,在自身属性中

⑤by oneself 自动地,单独地

8. ①on the contrary表示完全不赞同某一说法并提出与该说法"正

相反,恰恰相反"的事实

②by / in contrast用于表示两个极不相同的事实之间的明显差异,意为"与此形成对照;相比之下"

—Does it rain a lot in the desert 沙漠里下雨多吗

—On the contrary, it hardly ever rains. 恰恰相反,那儿几乎从不下雨。

By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我们的石油用量增长巨大。

9. ①at the cost of以(某物)为代价,以牺牲某人的生命为代价

②at the expense of由……支付费用,以(损害或损失)……为代价He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来。

His successful career was at the expense of his social life. 他成功的职业生涯是以牺牲社交生活为代价的。

10. ①in the face of 面对,纵然遭遇(困难、问题等)而

②in the presence of / in one’s presence 某人在场的情况下,当着某人的面

③in front of也可表示当着某人的面

介词与其他词类的固定搭配

介词常常和形容词、名词、动词等构成固定搭配,以表示固定的意义。

(1).形容词与介词的固定搭配:

形容词与介词的固定搭配

{1} 形容词+about

Angry with对……生气 anxious about担心calm about 对……很平静

care bout小心careless about粗心certain about 对……有把握

curious about对……好奇sure about确信doubtful about 对……怀疑

enthusiastic about对……热情的;热心的hopeful about 对……抱希望

frank about对……坦白的;坦率的incredulous about对……不相信

{2} 形容词+at

clever at擅长于……expert at对……熟练的good at擅长于……

indignant at对……愤慨的quick at做……敏捷slow at 对……反应慢

surprised at对……吃惊

{3} 形容词+for

anxious for渴望的eligible for有资格的famous for 因……而著名

fit for对某人适宜hungry for对……渴望late for迟到possible for可能qualified for有资格的ready for准备好

responsible for对……负责necessary for为……所必需{4} 形容词+from

absent from缺席free from使……摆脱prohibited from禁止某事物

safe from安全detached from分开某物different from 与……不同

{5} 形容词+in

absorbed in专心于disappointed in对……失望experienced in有经验

expert in 在……熟练fortunate in有幸interested in 对……感兴趣

rich in富于;盛产successful in在……成功

{6} 形容词+ of

afraid of害怕ashamed of羞耻aware of知道certain of确信

fond of喜爱guilty of有罪的proud of骄傲short of缺乏

sick of厌烦tired of厌倦worthy of值得

{7} 形容词+to

contrary to与……相反 determined to有决心的equal to 等于

familiar to为……所熟悉favorable to对……有利harmful to有害的

inclined to准备做某事indifferent to对……不在乎similar to相似;相同

{8} 形容词+with

angry with对……感到恼火annoyed at对……烦恼busy with忙于

crowded with拥挤familiar with精通;熟悉friendly with与……友好

nervouse with对……感到紧张patient with对……有耐心popularwith受欢迎

satified with对……满意

{9} 形容词+on

dependent on依靠intend on坚决;专心keen on热衷于某事物 severe on严格的

(2). 名词与介词的固定搭配:

(3){1} 介词+名词。如:

(4)at the cinema在电影院at university上大学from……point of view从某人的角度

for the sake of为了 in poerty 在穷困中in earnest 有决心的

on sale在出售on the average平均的 on the contrary 相反地

on the radio 通过收音机to some extent某种程度

to one’ssurprise让某人吃惊to one’sdelight让某人高兴{2} 名词+介词。如:

dependence on依靠independence on不依靠

discussion about/on关于……的讨论hundres on数以百计的thousands of成千上万的influence on对……的影响explanationof/for对……的解释half of……的一半

the idea of……的主意lack of缺乏

proof of……的证据reason of……的原因Responsibility for对……的责任success in/at在……成功

(3). 动词与介词的固定搭配:

{1} 动词+介词

1 跟介词“of'的搭配

assure sb. of sth.向(某人)保证(某事) convince sb.of

sth.使(某人)信服(某事)

be sure of sth.相信,确信 persuade sb.of sth.劝说(某人)相信某事

be aware of sth.意识到 be conscious of sth. 意识到

inform sb.of sth.告诉;通知 warn sb.of sth.

警告

remind sb. of sth.提醒 suspect sb.of sth.怀疑

rob sb. of sth.抢劫;掠夺 cheat sb.of sth.骗取,诈取

accuse sb.of sth.指控 relieve sb.of sth.解除,缓解

cure sb.of (illness) 治愈 consist of 组成

be made up of 组成 be composed of 组成

be fond of 喜欢 be short of

缺少

be tired of 厌倦 be ignorant of 无知;不知道

be proud of 以...为豪 be full of 充

be considerate of 体谅;考虑周到 boast of 夸

耀

approve of 同意;批准 repent of 后悔take advantage of 利用 take account of 考虑

make fun of 取笑(某人) make a fuss of 对……大惊小怪;小题大作

2 跟介词“to”的搭配

object to 反对oppose to 反对 adhere to 坚持tick to 坚持

fasten to 拴在 be chained to 依附;捆在 cling to 依附,坚持

reply to 回答;答复 respond to 答复;响应 confess to 承认

confine sth. to sth. 限制;禁闭 consent to 同意;答应 submit to 服从;屈服

be subject to 易受……影响,隶属 be prior to 在前的;居头的 prefer to 宁愿;喜欢

previous to 在……以前 refer to 涉及;谈到;查阅 apply to 适用于 attach sth. to sth. 缚; be attached to sb. 依恋(某人); attribute to 归功于contribute to捐款;贡献 resort to采用(手段)等 appeal to呼吁,要求,投合……所好 owe ... to 归功于 look forward to 期望;盼望 hang on to 紧紧握住

be subsequent to 后于 be loyal to 忠诚于 be partial to 对...偏爱 be sensitive to 对...敏感be similar to和...相似 be superior to 优于

be inferior to 劣于 be vital to 对……重要 be alert to 警觉

be adequate to (对…而言)足够,适当

be contrary to 与……相反 be familiar to 熟

be indifferent to 漠不关心;冷漠 be reduced to 使陷入,沦为

be close to 接近于 be up to (a certain job)胜任;适合于

be immune to 免疫 appoint sb.to (a certain position) 任命

commit sb.to sth.使某人承担义务 entitle sb.to sth.给某

人权利; entitle sth.给起名

accommodate oneself to 使...适应 adjust oneself to 使适应;调整

accustom oneself to 习惯于 dedicate oneself to 献身于

devote oneself to 献身于

expose oneself to使暴露;使面临 restrict oneself to限制resign oneself to顺从于;甘心于

limit oneself to 限制 commit oneself to 献身于

近五年中考英语常考介词短语

一、at 短语 be angry at sth. 对某事生气 arrive at 到达……(小地方) knock at/on 敲…… at last 最后,终于 laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看,注视 at the moment 现在,此时 point at/to 指向 at times 不时 二、after 短语 look after 照看,照顾 name after 以……的名字命名 run after 追赶;追求 三、on 短语 agree on (通过协商)达成共识 call on 拜访,看望 come on 快点儿;加油 on display 在展出 hang on 稍等,别挂断 on holiday 度假,休假 play a joke on 和……开玩笑,戏弄……

keep on 继续 live on 以……为食,靠……生活 put on 穿上;戴上 turn on 打开,旋开(收音机、电灯、煤气等) work on 从事于,致力于 四、to 短语 agree to 同意,答应,接受(计划、建议、条件、安排等)go to bed 上床睡觉 compare...to... 把……与……作比较 from...to... 从……到…… get to 到达 do harm to 对……有害处 lead to 通往;导致 pay attention to 注意 take...to... 把……带到/给…… write to... 写信给…… 五、in 短语 arrive in 到达……(大地方) in danger 在危险中 drop in 顺便拜访 hand in 交上,上交 join in 参加

介词的归纳

介词的归纳 一、单项选择介词 1.________ your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture. A.But for B.Out of C.Thanks to D.As to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意:由于你慷慨的帮助,我相信我对你的国家和文化有了更好的理解。A. But for要不是;B. Out of由于,无感情色彩;C. Thanks to幸亏;由于;D. As to至于;关于。因为I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture表示"我相信我对你的国家和文化有了更好的理解",所以前半句应该表示原因和感谢,所以用Thanks to表示"幸亏,由于",故选C。 2.We charge parcels ________ weight, rather than individual units. A.in honor of B.in contact with C.in terms of D.in connection with 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语。句意:我们根据包裹的重量,而不是包裹的件数收费。A. in honor of为了对……表示敬意;B. in contact with与……有联系,接触;C. in terms of根据,在……方面;D. in connection with与……有关,有联系。表示根据什么计费。故选C。 【点睛】 rather than是一个并列连词。用法如下: 与would连用时,构成“would rather…than…”句式,意思是“宁愿…而不愿…”,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择一个。 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是…而不是…;与其…不如…”,它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 3.The police are reopening the investigation ________ the new evidence. A.in tune with B.in conflict with C.in light of D.in place of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定短语。句意:警方正根据新的证据重新展开调查。A. in tune with与……一致;B. in conflict with和……冲突;C. in light of根据,鉴于;D. in place of代替。分析句子可知,应该根据新证据重新调查,故选C。

高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配

高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配一.相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在~~帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在~~领导/关心下2. be strict with sb. 对~人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对~事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于~~之 lie on 同~~接壤 lie to 位于~~之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫,一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以~~名义 8. in the air 空中,在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法 in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步,屈服 lo se one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下

on one’s way to 在去~~的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角) in the corner 在角落里(角) on the corner 在角落上(外角上) 11. judge by / from 根据~~来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在~~结束时 at the beginning of 在~~开始时 at the back of 在~~背后,支持 at the age of ~~岁时 at the foot of 在~~脚下 at the bottom of 在~~底部 at the top of 在~~顶上 at/on the edge of 在~~边上 13. in the course of 在~~过程中 in the eyes of 从~~观点看来,在~~眼里 in the face of 面对~~,尽管,纵使 in the middle of 在~~中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在~~前夕 on the side of 在~~一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后for a time = for some time 一时,有一段时间

(完整版)高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配

高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配 一.相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在~~帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在~~领导/关心下2. be strict with sb. 对~人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对~事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于~~之内 lie on 同~~接壤 lie to 位于~~之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫,一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以~~名义 8. in the air 空中,在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用~~方法 in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步,屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去~~的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角) in the corner 在角落里(内角) on the corner 在角落上(外角上) 11. judge by / from 根据~~来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在~~结束时 at the beginning of 在~~开始时 at the back of 在~~背后,支持 at the age of ~~岁时 at the foot of 在~~脚下 at the bottom of 在~~底部 at the top of 在~~顶上 at/on the edge of 在~~边上

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